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Issue 3

Journal of Physical Education

Volume: 31

Issue: 3

Publication Year: 2019

Publication Date: September 2019

Articles in This Issue

Pages 1-284

1

Evaluation of Learning the Performance of Some Basic Volleyball Skills According to Cognitive Risk Style Among Students Aged 14 Years

Hwaida Ismail Ibrahim, Khameel Awad Shehab

Pages: 1-4 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The Study Aimed at evaluating the learning performance of some basic skills in volleyball according to cognitive risk style using learning cycle. The researchers used the experimental method applied on (20) fourth grade secondary school students aged 14 years. A questionnaire was set for this purpose and many styles and tools were used specially using learning cycle with volleyball skills. The teaching program lasted for (8) weeks with two hours per week (45) minutes. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that risk takers learned basic volleyball skills. Finally they recommended continuing performance evaluation based on experimental learning.

Keywords

cognitive style risk style volleyball basic skills

Abstract

The Study Aimed at evaluating the learning performance of some basic skills in volleyball according to cognitive risk style using learning cycle. The researchers used the experimental method applied on (20) fourth grade secondary school students aged 14 years. A questionnaire was set for this purpose and many styles and tools were used specially using learning cycle with volleyball skills. The teaching program lasted for (8) weeks with two hours per week (45) minutes. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that risk takers learned basic volleyball skills. Finally they recommended continuing performance evaluation based on experimental learning.

Keywords

cognitive style risk style volleyball basic skills

2

Establishing Criteria Levels For Some Anthropometric Measurement for Volleyball Primer League Female Players

Samah Noraldeen Iesa, Sara Talib

Pages: 5-9 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Theimportance of theresearchlies in developing criteria and levels for some physicalvariables forIraqivolleyballPremier League. The problemofresearchlies inthelackofcriteria andlevelsto determineanthropometric measurements and establishing degrees and criteria levels. The researchers used the descriptive methods on (48) out of (72) and66% oftheoriginal society.Themostimportant resultsreachedbytheresearcherwasthe developmentofdegreesandstandardlevelsforsomeanthropometric measurementsand thatthestandardsthathavebeendevelopedanddescribethereallevelofthesample sincemost oftheresults extracted betweenthelevels(weak andacceptable)and thisindicatesthelackofinterest inthescientificmeansofchoosingtheplayers correctlybasedonrecentstudies.

Keywords

anthropometric measurements standardlevels Volleyball.

Abstract

Theimportance of theresearchlies in developing criteria and levels for some physicalvariables forIraqivolleyballPremier League. The problemofresearchlies inthelackofcriteria andlevelsto determineanthropometric measurements and establishing degrees and criteria levels. The researchers used the descriptive methods on (48) out of (72) and66% oftheoriginal society.Themostimportant resultsreachedbytheresearcherwasthe developmentofdegreesandstandardlevelsforsomeanthropometric measurementsand thatthestandardsthathavebeendevelopedanddescribethereallevelofthesample sincemost oftheresults extracted betweenthelevels(weak andacceptable)and thisindicatesthelackofinterest inthescientificmeansofchoosingtheplayers correctlybasedonrecentstudies.

Keywords

anthropometric measurements standardlevels Volleyball.

3

The Effect of Special Training For Developing Some Regression Abilities in Advanced Soccer Players Recovering from Adductor Muscle Tear

Ismael Saleem Abed, Wassan Hanoon Ali

Pages: 10-18 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aimed at designing special training for developing (agility, strength –endurance, speed –endurance). In addition to that, the research aimed at identifying the effect of these training on developing these regressive abilities on players returning from adductor muscle tear. The researchers hypothesized statistical differences between pre and posttests in regressive abilities development. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude thatthe experimental method have a positive effect in developing regressive abilities understudy. The researchers finally recommended the necessity of strength training for all muscle groups especially weak or small muscles as well as paying attention to transitional phase with short passive rests and coordinating between the 1stcoach and physical fitness coach during training programs design.

Keywords

Adductor muscle muscle tear

Abstract

The research aimed at designing special training for developing (agility, strength –endurance, speed –endurance). In addition to that, the research aimed at identifying the effect of these training on developing these regressive abilities on players returning from adductor muscle tear. The researchers hypothesized statistical differences between pre and posttests in regressive abilities development. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude thatthe experimental method have a positive effect in developing regressive abilities understudy. The researchers finally recommended the necessity of strength training for all muscle groups especially weak or small muscles as well as paying attention to transitional phase with short passive rests and coordinating between the 1stcoach and physical fitness coach during training programs design.

Keywords

Adductor muscle muscle tear

4

The Effect OfSpecial Exercises for Attention Concentration on Learning Overhead pass in volleyball for sophomore students of physical Education & Sport Sciences College

Ahmed Abdul Sattar Abdul, Amira AbdelWahed

Pages: 19-28 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aimed at using special exercises for attention concentration in learning overhead passing in volleyball due to its great role in developing skill. The researchers used the experimental method. The subjects were (185) sophomore college of physical education and sport sciences students 2018 –2019. Two sections were selected (B with 29 students) and (E with 28 students) yet only16 students from each section was selected. The results showed significant differences in favor of the experimental group due to the special exercises for attention concentration and overhead passing.

Keywords

attention concentration overhead passing and volleyball special exercises

Abstract

The research aimed at using special exercises for attention concentration in learning overhead passing in volleyball due to its great role in developing skill. The researchers used the experimental method. The subjects were (185) sophomore college of physical education and sport sciences students 2018 –2019. Two sections were selected (B with 29 students) and (E with 28 students) yet only16 students from each section was selected. The results showed significant differences in favor of the experimental group due to the special exercises for attention concentration and overhead passing.

Keywords

attention concentration overhead passing and volleyball special exercises

5

The Effect OfBreathing Exercises On Relation and Self –Talk On Developing Ambition Level According to VTS –Sport and Achievement in Long Distance Runners

Mayssa Husain Matrood, Hayder F. Alshamma

Pages: 29-38 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The importance of the research lies in designing special psychological exercises that depends on breathing and relaxation for developing the level of reassurance in longdistance runners specially 5000m because those runners spend long time during hard training thus they require training for forgetting pain and fatigue. The research aimed at designing exercises that depends on breathing and relaxation and self -talk as well as identifying a scale for ambition level according to VST –Sport and 5000m running achievement. The researchers hypothesized significant differences in favor of the posttests of the experimental group. The subjects were (10) long distance runners divided into two groups. Three variables were selected from VTS –Sport. The results showed the effect of psychological exercises after 12 weeks with 36 training sessions as well as significant results in favor the experimental group

Keywords

5000m running breathing psychological training program self –talk

Abstract

The importance of the research lies in designing special psychological exercises that depends on breathing and relaxation for developing the level of reassurance in longdistance runners specially 5000m because those runners spend long time during hard training thus they require training for forgetting pain and fatigue. The research aimed at designing exercises that depends on breathing and relaxation and self -talk as well as identifying a scale for ambition level according to VST –Sport and 5000m running achievement. The researchers hypothesized significant differences in favor of the posttests of the experimental group. The subjects were (10) long distance runners divided into two groups. Three variables were selected from VTS –Sport. The results showed the effect of psychological exercises after 12 weeks with 36 training sessions as well as significant results in favor the experimental group

Keywords

5000m running breathing psychological training program self –talk

6

The Effect Of Exercises Using Non –Balanced Strength Device On Improving Maximum Strength And Snatch Achievement In Youth Weightlifters

Marwan Mahdi Mutlaq, Faleh Hashim Fangan

Pages: 39-46 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Weightlifting is one of the sports that require great resistance that surpasses the weightlifters’ weight. The problem that faces all weightlifters during jerk phase affect the stability of lifts and its success due to weakness in youth weightlifters specially in the second phase of clean and jerk. The research aimed at designing exercises using non –balance strength device and identifying the effect of these exercises using non –balance strength device. The subjects were (6) youth weightlifters aged (17 –20) years old who represented the experiential group. The training program was applied for (8) weeks with three training sessions per week. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operation to conclude that exercises using the non –balance strength device have a significant effect on maximum strength and achievement of clean and jerk in youth weightlifters.

Keywords

clean and jerk non –balanced strength proposed exercises weightlifting

Abstract

Weightlifting is one of the sports that require great resistance that surpasses the weightlifters’ weight. The problem that faces all weightlifters during jerk phase affect the stability of lifts and its success due to weakness in youth weightlifters specially in the second phase of clean and jerk. The research aimed at designing exercises using non –balance strength device and identifying the effect of these exercises using non –balance strength device. The subjects were (6) youth weightlifters aged (17 –20) years old who represented the experiential group. The training program was applied for (8) weeks with three training sessions per week. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operation to conclude that exercises using the non –balance strength device have a significant effect on maximum strength and achievement of clean and jerk in youth weightlifters.

Keywords

clean and jerk non –balanced strength proposed exercises weightlifting

7

The Effect Of Breakeltics Exercises On Physical Abilities of First Year Female College Students

Marwa Hussein, Wassan Said

Pages: 47-53 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The Problem of the research lies in variety and modernity in training through female students acquiring physical fitness that enables them to perform other sports. The aim of the study is to use a modern style to develop the level of fitness in female students. The researchers used the experimental method. The subjects were (30) female students from the college of physical education and sport sciences. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that Breakletics have a great effect in I’m proving physical fitness in first year college of physical education and sport sciences students/ University Of Baghdad

Keywords

Breakletics

Abstract

The Problem of the research lies in variety and modernity in training through female students acquiring physical fitness that enables them to perform other sports. The aim of the study is to use a modern style to develop the level of fitness in female students. The researchers used the experimental method. The subjects were (30) female students from the college of physical education and sport sciences. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that Breakletics have a great effect in I’m proving physical fitness in first year college of physical education and sport sciences students/ University Of Baghdad

Keywords

Breakletics

8

Fear and Its Relationship with Backstroke Leaning in Sophomore College of physical Education and Sport Sciences Students

Mohamed Nazem Abdel, Wafa Sabah Mohammed

Pages: 54-63 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aimed at identifying the relationship between fearand learning backstroke swimming in sophomore students of physical education and sport sciences college. The researchers used the descriptive method on (12) students for pilot study and (50) students for the main experiment. The researchers used the (25m)artistic performance test of backstroke swimming for measuring backstroke swimming as well as fear from water scale that consisted of (20) items. The results showed significant relationship between fear and backstroke swimming on college of physical education and sport sciences

Keywords

backstroke fear learning psychology Swimming swimming pool

Abstract

The research aimed at identifying the relationship between fearand learning backstroke swimming in sophomore students of physical education and sport sciences college. The researchers used the descriptive method on (12) students for pilot study and (50) students for the main experiment. The researchers used the (25m)artistic performance test of backstroke swimming for measuring backstroke swimming as well as fear from water scale that consisted of (20) items. The results showed significant relationship between fear and backstroke swimming on college of physical education and sport sciences

Keywords

backstroke fear learning psychology Swimming swimming pool

9

The relation between Blood Vessel Expansion with Nitric Oxide Test As Indicator and Some Bio –kinematical and physiological variables in Advance Long Distance Runners

Abeer hazim nadhim, Jumaah mohammed

Pages: 64-69 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

One of the modern scientific discoveries is the discovery of nitric oxide that is produced in blood vessels and works in expanding them thus leads to better blood flow and increased oxygen that produces energy. The importance of the research lies in this test being very easy to use and the result is shown by saliva saving effort, time and money. The research aimed at using nitric oxide test in sports. The researchers hypothesized significant relation between nitric oxide test and blood pressure in long distance runners. The researchers concluded statistical differences between nitric oxide test and blood pressure measurement in advancelong distance runners. They finally recommended using nitric oxide test instead of hemoglobin test and blood pressure measurement for evaluating blood vessel expansion in long distance runner

Keywords

Blood pressure blood vessels hemoglobin Nitric oxide saliva

Abstract

One of the modern scientific discoveries is the discovery of nitric oxide that is produced in blood vessels and works in expanding them thus leads to better blood flow and increased oxygen that produces energy. The importance of the research lies in this test being very easy to use and the result is shown by saliva saving effort, time and money. The research aimed at using nitric oxide test in sports. The researchers hypothesized significant relation between nitric oxide test and blood pressure in long distance runners. The researchers concluded statistical differences between nitric oxide test and blood pressure measurement in advancelong distance runners. They finally recommended using nitric oxide test instead of hemoglobin test and blood pressure measurement for evaluating blood vessel expansion in long distance runner

Keywords

Blood pressure blood vessels hemoglobin Nitric oxide saliva

10

The Effect of Using Developmental Growth Channels Using Reciprocal Style On Learning and Retaining Some Fundamental Soccer Skills for Second Grade Secondary School Students

THAER KARM

Pages: 70-78 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The importance of the researcher lies in the effect of developmental growth channels using reciprocal style on learning and retaining some soccer fundamental skills. The researchers used the experimental method on (20) second grade secondary school students. The teaching program was applied then the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude a development in the learning level of some soccer fundamental skills because of using developmental growth channels and reciprocal style.

Keywords

fundamental skills growth channels learning reciprocal style soccer

Abstract

The importance of the researcher lies in the effect of developmental growth channels using reciprocal style on learning and retaining some soccer fundamental skills. The researchers used the experimental method on (20) second grade secondary school students. The teaching program was applied then the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude a development in the learning level of some soccer fundamental skills because of using developmental growth channels and reciprocal style.

Keywords

fundamental skills growth channels learning reciprocal style soccer

11

Decol Exercises and Their Effect On the Development of Front Handspring Muscle Strength and Flexibility In Female Students

Amal Majed, Israa Foad, Muna Taleb

Pages: 79-84 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aimed at identifying the effect decolexercises on muscular strength and flexibility of front handspring in female students. The problem of the research lies in female students facing difficulty in learning gymnastics’ skill due to physical and motor abilities. The researchers used the experimental method on (20) female first Year College of physical education and sport sciences for women / university of Baghdad. The results showed the great effect of Decol exercises on developing muscle strength and flexibility in front handspring. Finally the researchers recommended developing physical abilities of female students in gymnastics as well as making similar studies

Keywords

Decol exercises flexibility front handspring muscle strength

Abstract

The research aimed at identifying the effect decolexercises on muscular strength and flexibility of front handspring in female students. The problem of the research lies in female students facing difficulty in learning gymnastics’ skill due to physical and motor abilities. The researchers used the experimental method on (20) female first Year College of physical education and sport sciences for women / university of Baghdad. The results showed the great effect of Decol exercises on developing muscle strength and flexibility in front handspring. Finally the researchers recommended developing physical abilities of female students in gymnastics as well as making similar studies

Keywords

Decol exercises flexibility front handspring muscle strength

12

Attitudes of The University of Nahrain Officials and Students TowardsNon –Class Activity

Zeyad Hameed Abd

Pages: 85-96 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

This study aims to identify the attitudes of officials and students at Nahrain university towards non –class activity .The study was conducted on a sample of (25) officials in colleges and (400) male and female students. The sample was divided into two groups representing the officials and students of the university. The researcher used the descriptive method for its relation to the nature of research. The scale has three axes:the trend towards the concept of non –class activity and the direction towardsthe role of the university in the interest of non–class activity.The importance of non –class activity and theresults showed statistically significant differences between the attitudes of students and officials

Keywords

attitudes non-class activities. officials students

Abstract

This study aims to identify the attitudes of officials and students at Nahrain university towards non –class activity .The study was conducted on a sample of (25) officials in colleges and (400) male and female students. The sample was divided into two groups representing the officials and students of the university. The researcher used the descriptive method for its relation to the nature of research. The scale has three axes:the trend towards the concept of non –class activity and the direction towardsthe role of the university in the interest of non–class activity.The importance of non –class activity and theresults showed statistically significant differences between the attitudes of students and officials

Keywords

attitudes non-class activities. officials students

13

Instant Qualitative Observation for Performance Information And Its Effect On Some Kinematical Variables Javelin Putting and Achievement In Javelin Throwers U18

Kerar Abdul Kareem, Sarieh Abdul Kareem

Pages: 97-103 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aim at designing a program for kinematical information recall from thrower and coach as well as identifying its effect on motor transition and some throwing position variables. The subjects were (5) throwers from the national center for giftedin athletics season (2019). The researcher concluded the development in shoulder angular speed as well as development in all velocities and throwing angle values. All development resulted from in achievement development in kinematical variables whether inbody and javelin

Keywords

javelin throwing. kinematics quality observation throwing position

Abstract

The research aim at designing a program for kinematical information recall from thrower and coach as well as identifying its effect on motor transition and some throwing position variables. The subjects were (5) throwers from the national center for giftedin athletics season (2019). The researcher concluded the development in shoulder angular speed as well as development in all velocities and throwing angle values. All development resulted from in achievement development in kinematical variables whether inbody and javelin

Keywords

javelin throwing. kinematics quality observation throwing position

14

The Effect Of Compound Exercises On Developing Some Physical Fitness and cognitive Components on First Class Soccer Referees’ Performance Level

Mohamed Tariq Dawood, Abdul Razzaq Kadhim

Pages: 104-116 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aimed at designing a training program using compound style to develop some physical fitness and cognitive components and their effects on 1st class soccer referees’ performance level. The researchers used the experimental method on (30) referees out of 70. The main experiment was applied with three training sessions per week for two months. The results showed significant effect in pre and posttests in favor of posttests of the experimental group.

Keywords

cognitive abilities performance level physical fitness training program

Abstract

The research aimed at designing a training program using compound style to develop some physical fitness and cognitive components and their effects on 1st class soccer referees’ performance level. The researchers used the experimental method on (30) referees out of 70. The main experiment was applied with three training sessions per week for two months. The results showed significant effect in pre and posttests in favor of posttests of the experimental group.

Keywords

cognitive abilities performance level physical fitness training program

15

The Effect of Special Exercises Using Proposed Aids On Learning Long Jump Take off and Flight In National Center for Gifted in Athletics Aged (13-14 years)

Hussein Mustafa Mahdi, Zaidoun Jawad Mohammed

Pages: 117-123 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aim at designing special exercises using a designed apparatus in learning take off and flight in long jump for athletes aged (13 –14) years old from specialized schools as well as identifying the effect of these exercises using a designed apparatus in learning take off and flight in long jump for athletes aged (13 –14) years old. The researchers used the experimental method on (12) beginner athletes aged (13 –14) years old selected from the specialized center for athletics; (2) were selected as pilot study subjects and (10) for applying the training program. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to come up with the conclusions

Keywords

athletics designed apparatus long jump specialized school

Abstract

The research aim at designing special exercises using a designed apparatus in learning take off and flight in long jump for athletes aged (13 –14) years old from specialized schools as well as identifying the effect of these exercises using a designed apparatus in learning take off and flight in long jump for athletes aged (13 –14) years old. The researchers used the experimental method on (12) beginner athletes aged (13 –14) years old selected from the specialized center for athletics; (2) were selected as pilot study subjects and (10) for applying the training program. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to come up with the conclusions

Keywords

athletics designed apparatus long jump specialized school

16

The Effect of Using Proposed Tools On Learning Kill Shot in Young Squash Players

Agader Hadi Jassim, Ali Jihad Ramadan

Pages: 124-134

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The problem of the research lies in young squash players relay on basic skills during their performance in matches instead of playing with developed skills like kill shot. The research aimed at designing exercises using proposed tools for teaching kill shot as well as identifying its effect on learning kill shot in the subjects of the research. The researchers used the experimental method on (16) young squash players. the exercises were applied in the experimental group while the controlling group followed the traditional program. The results showed that the experimental group surpassed the controlling group.

Keywords

Kill shot learning squash Tools

Abstract

The problem of the research lies in young squash players relay on basic skills during their performance in matches instead of playing with developed skills like kill shot. The research aimed at designing exercises using proposed tools for teaching kill shot as well as identifying its effect on learning kill shot in the subjects of the research. The researchers used the experimental method on (16) young squash players. the exercises were applied in the experimental group while the controlling group followed the traditional program. The results showed that the experimental group surpassed the controlling group.

Keywords

Kill shot learning squash Tools

17

Energy Expenditure And Its Relation With Load Level Using (PLAYERTEKTEAM) During Matches for Iraqi Soccer Primer Referees

Ameer Alaa Abdul Qadir, Faris Sami Yousif Malek

Pages: 135-142 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The problem of the research lies in not having criteria or analytical study about load levels and how much energy referees spend during matches. In addition to that, soccer training programs for referees are not based on quantitive analysis according to match requirements but through observation instead. The research aimed at identifying the values of load levels variables and energy expenditure using PLYERTEKTEAM for primer soccer league. The researchers used the descriptive method on (30) mid field referees and analyzed (81) matched. The best test was selected for each referee. The results showed a correlation relation between load levels and energy expenditure

Keywords

energy expenditure Load level PLAYERTEKTEAM

Abstract

The problem of the research lies in not having criteria or analytical study about load levels and how much energy referees spend during matches. In addition to that, soccer training programs for referees are not based on quantitive analysis according to match requirements but through observation instead. The research aimed at identifying the values of load levels variables and energy expenditure using PLYERTEKTEAM for primer soccer league. The researchers used the descriptive method on (30) mid field referees and analyzed (81) matched. The best test was selected for each referee. The results showed a correlation relation between load levels and energy expenditure

Keywords

energy expenditure Load level PLAYERTEKTEAM

18

The Effect of Inclusion Style And Reciprocal Style in Performing Jump Shot in Handball

Bilal Abdul Monam, Mohammed Muhmood

Pages: 143-152 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Teaching as a process still requires new strategies so as to include all students in the learning process. The researchers combined inclusion and reciprocal styles together in one teaching session to benefit from both styles, save time and effort and to identify their effect on learning handball jump shot. The researchers used the experimental method on sophomore college of physical education and sport sciences college. The teaching program consisted of (3) teaching session for three weeks. The results showed significant effects of using inclusion and reciprocal style yet the reciprocal style was better that command style followed by the teacher in learning jump shot in handball. Finally the researchers recommended using inclusion style for learning skills and specially team sport skills

Keywords

handball Inclusion style learning reciprocal

Abstract

Teaching as a process still requires new strategies so as to include all students in the learning process. The researchers combined inclusion and reciprocal styles together in one teaching session to benefit from both styles, save time and effort and to identify their effect on learning handball jump shot. The researchers used the experimental method on sophomore college of physical education and sport sciences college. The teaching program consisted of (3) teaching session for three weeks. The results showed significant effects of using inclusion and reciprocal style yet the reciprocal style was better that command style followed by the teacher in learning jump shot in handball. Finally the researchers recommended using inclusion style for learning skills and specially team sport skills

Keywords

handball Inclusion style learning reciprocal

19

The Effect of Game –Like Exercisers According to Click Scout On Some Skill Performance Types In Volleyball Primer League Players

Jafar Abdul Mutalib, Tariq Ali Yousif

Pages: 153-166 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aimed at designing game –like exercises according to clicks and scout on some skill performance types in volleyball primer league players as well as identifying the effect of these exercises on some skill performance types in volleyball primer league players. the researchers used the experimental method on (8) volleyball clubs 2018 –2019 yet the subjects were (14) players from Al Senaa club. The researchers applied click and scout analytical program then the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that the experimental group surpassed in post analyses of some skill performance types and it was effective as well. The researchers finally recommended the necessity of using the proposed exercises in volleyball primer league to develop skill performance level as well as making similar studies on other variables and subjects.

Keywords

analytical exercises matches skill performance

Abstract

The research aimed at designing game –like exercises according to clicks and scout on some skill performance types in volleyball primer league players as well as identifying the effect of these exercises on some skill performance types in volleyball primer league players. the researchers used the experimental method on (8) volleyball clubs 2018 –2019 yet the subjects were (14) players from Al Senaa club. The researchers applied click and scout analytical program then the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that the experimental group surpassed in post analyses of some skill performance types and it was effective as well. The researchers finally recommended the necessity of using the proposed exercises in volleyball primer league to develop skill performance level as well as making similar studies on other variables and subjects.

Keywords

analytical exercises matches skill performance

20

The Effect Of Special Exercises Using Designed Visual Stimuli Apparatus on Accuracy and Response in Volleyball High Setting

Hussam Hussein Daham, Jenan naji zwain

Pages: 167-175 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aimed at designing special exercises using visual stimuli apparatuses on developing accuracy and response of high setting in young volleyball players as well as identifying the effect of these exercises on developing the accuracy and response of high setting in young volleyball players. the researchers hypothesized statistical differences between pre and posttests in accuracy and response of high setting in young volleyball players in favor of protests. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (6) setters selected from the national center for gifted in volleyball and (30) players were used for accuracy and response test adjustment. The results showed that the designed apparatus positively affected the accuracy of setting inyoung volleyball players.

Keywords

accuracy response Setting Visual Stimuli volleyball

Abstract

The research aimed at designing special exercises using visual stimuli apparatuses on developing accuracy and response of high setting in young volleyball players as well as identifying the effect of these exercises on developing the accuracy and response of high setting in young volleyball players. the researchers hypothesized statistical differences between pre and posttests in accuracy and response of high setting in young volleyball players in favor of protests. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (6) setters selected from the national center for gifted in volleyball and (30) players were used for accuracy and response test adjustment. The results showed that the designed apparatus positively affected the accuracy of setting inyoung volleyball players.

Keywords

accuracy response Setting Visual Stimuli volleyball

21

The Effect of Special Exercises Using Assisting Aids On The Development of Some Physical and Motor Abilities In Individuals With Simple Mental Disabilities in 100m Running Achievement

Hassan Aqeel Mohammed Nouri, Ahlam Shafati Mohsen

Pages: 176-182 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aimed at identifying the effect of exercises using assisting aids on the development of physical and motor abilities in 100m running achievement in individuals with simple disability. The researchers used the experimental method on physically disabled national league athletes. The training program lasted for (8) weeks with (3) training sessions per week using interval training (low intensity and high intensity). The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that the training program proposed by the researchers develop physical and motor abilities in individuals understudy as well as developing their mental skills

Keywords

100m running physically disabled Training

Abstract

The research aimed at identifying the effect of exercises using assisting aids on the development of physical and motor abilities in 100m running achievement in individuals with simple disability. The researchers used the experimental method on physically disabled national league athletes. The training program lasted for (8) weeks with (3) training sessions per week using interval training (low intensity and high intensity). The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that the training program proposed by the researchers develop physical and motor abilities in individuals understudy as well as developing their mental skills

Keywords

100m running physically disabled Training

22

The Effect of Guided Discovery AndProgramed Teaching On Learning and Developing Kinematic Motor Form Of Spike In Volleyball

Hassan Hadi Hussein, Alla Mohsen Yaser

Pages: 183-194 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Teaching styles play an important role in teaching due to their great effect on students thus the researchers used indirect teaching styles (guided discovery and programed teaching for their effective results. The research aimed at identifying the effect of these styles on learning spike in volleyball. The researchers used the experimental method on (167) male second year students from physical education and sport science college / University of Baghdad aged 20 -21. Three sections were selected and divided into three groups each group consisted of (12) student. The program was applied with one teaching session per week for 3 months. The results showed that there is a positive effect in using guided discovery and programed teaching in spiking. Finally the researchers recommended using these styles in learning spiking in volleyball.

Keywords

Biomechanics designing guided discovery indicators kinematics learning spike

Abstract

Teaching styles play an important role in teaching due to their great effect on students thus the researchers used indirect teaching styles (guided discovery and programed teaching for their effective results. The research aimed at identifying the effect of these styles on learning spike in volleyball. The researchers used the experimental method on (167) male second year students from physical education and sport science college / University of Baghdad aged 20 -21. Three sections were selected and divided into three groups each group consisted of (12) student. The program was applied with one teaching session per week for 3 months. The results showed that there is a positive effect in using guided discovery and programed teaching in spiking. Finally the researchers recommended using these styles in learning spiking in volleyball.

Keywords

Biomechanics designing guided discovery indicators kinematics learning spike

23

The Effect of Game Style Using Training Mask on Some Functional Indicators and Performance Endurance In Advance 3 × 3 basketball players

Haneen Safaa Salman, luay Sami Rifat

Pages: 195-205 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aim at developing some functional variables like pulse during rest and effort, and performance endurance in advance female 3×3 basketball players as well as designing a test for measuring performance endurance. The researchers used the experimental method on (3) female basketball players. The exercises were applied using game method with training mask in (29) training session for (10) weeks with (3) training sessions per week. The results showed that game style using training mask developed physical abilities in general and performance endurance in particular. In addition to that, game style using training mask did not develop lactic acid concentration during rest.

Keywords

game style performance endurance training mask

Abstract

The research aim at developing some functional variables like pulse during rest and effort, and performance endurance in advance female 3×3 basketball players as well as designing a test for measuring performance endurance. The researchers used the experimental method on (3) female basketball players. The exercises were applied using game method with training mask in (29) training session for (10) weeks with (3) training sessions per week. The results showed that game style using training mask developed physical abilities in general and performance endurance in particular. In addition to that, game style using training mask did not develop lactic acid concentration during rest.

Keywords

game style performance endurance training mask

24

Special Strength Training For Developing Working Muscles During Throwing Position and Final Disc Throw and Its Effect On Discus Throwing Achievement In Youth

Saad jasem chelab, Ahmad Naji Mahmmoud

Pages: 206-213 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The importance of the research lies in using special strength training for developing working muscles during throwing and final discus throwing phases. The research aimed at identifying the effect of this training on some motor pathways’ variables of working muscles during throwing and final throwing phases for youth throwers of the national league. The research was applied on (7) national league youth throwers. The training program lasted for (10) weeks with (3) sessions per week. The results showed that special strength exercises improved launching and achievement in throwing. Finally the researchers recommended using these strength exercises for working muscles to develop the artistic aspects of throwing for all age groups

Keywords

final discus throwing motor pathways special strength throwing

Abstract

The importance of the research lies in using special strength training for developing working muscles during throwing and final discus throwing phases. The research aimed at identifying the effect of this training on some motor pathways’ variables of working muscles during throwing and final throwing phases for youth throwers of the national league. The research was applied on (7) national league youth throwers. The training program lasted for (10) weeks with (3) sessions per week. The results showed that special strength exercises improved launching and achievement in throwing. Finally the researchers recommended using these strength exercises for working muscles to develop the artistic aspects of throwing for all age groups

Keywords

final discus throwing motor pathways special strength throwing

25

A Safe Environment Scale From Professional Basketball Players and Coaches’ Point Of View

Saad Ali Hussein, Fares Sami Yousef

Pages: 214-221 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The aim of the research was to prepare the fields and items for safe environment scale form professional basketball players and coaches’ point of view. The researchers used the descriptive method on professional athletes of players and coaches from (11) clubs; for the pilot study (21) athletes were selected and for the building sample (103) athletes, and standardization sample (101) athletes from the participants in the Iraqi league (2018-2019). The scale of the safe environment was concluded with (6) fields and (52) items. The researchers came up with the safe environment scale from the point of view of professional basketballplayers and coaches. Finally the researchers recommended paying attention to providing safe environment for athletes from all social, economic and psychological aspects.

Keywords

basketball safe environment scale Sports Management sports professionalism

Abstract

The aim of the research was to prepare the fields and items for safe environment scale form professional basketball players and coaches’ point of view. The researchers used the descriptive method on professional athletes of players and coaches from (11) clubs; for the pilot study (21) athletes were selected and for the building sample (103) athletes, and standardization sample (101) athletes from the participants in the Iraqi league (2018-2019). The scale of the safe environment was concluded with (6) fields and (52) items. The researchers came up with the safe environment scale from the point of view of professional basketballplayers and coaches. Finally the researchers recommended paying attention to providing safe environment for athletes from all social, economic and psychological aspects.

Keywords

basketball safe environment scale Sports Management sports professionalism

26

Administrative Reform and Its Relationship with Occupational Stress In Physical Education and Sport Sciences’ Faculty Members

Lyla Abdul Ameer, Sundos Musa, Menal Abood

Pages: 222-229 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aimed at identifying the reality of administrative reform from assisting deans and head of departments’ point of view as well as identifying the relations between administrative reform and occupational stress reform from assisting deans and head of departments’ point of view. The researchers used the descriptive method on (84) administrative leaders including assisting deans and head of departments in colleges and departments of physical education and sport sciences’ colleges.

Keywords

Administrative reform members of faculty occupational stress sport sciences

Abstract

The research aimed at identifying the reality of administrative reform from assisting deans and head of departments’ point of view as well as identifying the relations between administrative reform and occupational stress reform from assisting deans and head of departments’ point of view. The researchers used the descriptive method on (84) administrative leaders including assisting deans and head of departments in colleges and departments of physical education and sport sciences’ colleges.

Keywords

Administrative reform members of faculty occupational stress sport sciences

27

Standardizing Dynamic Lactic Training According to Finnish Scoring Tables On First Day Contestant In Decathlon for U20

Mohammed Nahedh Obeid, Haider Faiq AlShemaa

Pages: 230-235 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

Dynamic lactic training is one of the most modern exercises in the world, which works at higher levels. The researchers believe that dynamic lactic exercises are the most suitable for decathlon activities because it enables the player to reach the end of the race in a good condition of physical fitness which can complete the ten activities with high readiness and Failure in one of the elements of fitness fat. The research aimed at identifying the effect of standardizing dynamic lactic training on achieving decathlon for each event according to Finnish scoring table (electronically) compared to dynamic lactic degree. The researchers used the experimental method on (5) athletes. The training program lasted for 10 weeks with (5) training sessions per week. The training courses followed the dynamic lactic method (low intensity and frequency training). The results showed that applying dynamic lactic exercises have a great effect in increasing the athletes’ endurance of lactic acid accumulation and continue to perform decathlon competitions despite the accumulation of lactic acid

Keywords

Decathlon athlete achievement Dynamic lactic Training

Abstract

Dynamic lactic training is one of the most modern exercises in the world, which works at higher levels. The researchers believe that dynamic lactic exercises are the most suitable for decathlon activities because it enables the player to reach the end of the race in a good condition of physical fitness which can complete the ten activities with high readiness and Failure in one of the elements of fitness fat. The research aimed at identifying the effect of standardizing dynamic lactic training on achieving decathlon for each event according to Finnish scoring table (electronically) compared to dynamic lactic degree. The researchers used the experimental method on (5) athletes. The training program lasted for 10 weeks with (5) training sessions per week. The training courses followed the dynamic lactic method (low intensity and frequency training). The results showed that applying dynamic lactic exercises have a great effect in increasing the athletes’ endurance of lactic acid accumulation and continue to perform decathlon competitions despite the accumulation of lactic acid

Keywords

Decathlon athlete achievement Dynamic lactic Training

28

Analytical Study of Javelin Landing Angle and Horizontal Distance (Achievement) of Iraqi Javelin Thrower Champion

Mohammed Saeb Fhadle, Ahmed Thamer Mohsin

Pages: 236-242 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aim at identifying some biomechanical variables of javelin throwing and landing as well as identifying the relation between javelin landing angle and the horizontal distance achieved by the Iraqi javelin champion. The researchers used the descriptive method. The subject was Kerar Raad, the champion of Athletics in Iraq 2017 who achieved (70.76m). The researchers shot six javelin throws of Kerar in Iraqi clubs’ championship held by the Iraqi federation for athletics in ministry of youth and sport track and field on Friday 8/3/2019. The researchers concluded a relation between javelin landing angel and the horizontal distance achieved by the Iraqi championship that is when the angle of landing decreases the achieved distance increases

Keywords

Javelin landing angle

Abstract

The research aim at identifying some biomechanical variables of javelin throwing and landing as well as identifying the relation between javelin landing angle and the horizontal distance achieved by the Iraqi javelin champion. The researchers used the descriptive method. The subject was Kerar Raad, the champion of Athletics in Iraq 2017 who achieved (70.76m). The researchers shot six javelin throws of Kerar in Iraqi clubs’ championship held by the Iraqi federation for athletics in ministry of youth and sport track and field on Friday 8/3/2019. The researchers concluded a relation between javelin landing angel and the horizontal distance achieved by the Iraqi championship that is when the angle of landing decreases the achieved distance increases

Keywords

Javelin landing angle

29

The Effect of Special Exercises Using Isometric Style and Aiding Devices For Rehabilitating Thigh Muscle Atrophy in Soccer Players After Surgical Intervention Of Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Mustafa Mohsin Filyh, Ahmed Mohammad Alaneyi

Pages: 243-251 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aimed at designing rehabilitation exercises using isometric static contraction style with rubber band and weightlifting equipment’s on soccer primer league player to improve muscular strength and rehabilitating ACL injury. The problem of the researcher lied in ACL being a common injury in soccer that require long period of treatment and rehabilitation. The researchers used the experimental method on (3) ACL soccer players who have thigh muscle atrophy. The researchers conclude that using isometric style, rubber bands, and bodybuilding equipment have an effective role on improving muscular strength and treating muscle atrophy

Keywords

Isometric style muscle atrophy static muscle contraction

Abstract

The research aimed at designing rehabilitation exercises using isometric static contraction style with rubber band and weightlifting equipment’s on soccer primer league player to improve muscular strength and rehabilitating ACL injury. The problem of the researcher lied in ACL being a common injury in soccer that require long period of treatment and rehabilitation. The researchers used the experimental method on (3) ACL soccer players who have thigh muscle atrophy. The researchers conclude that using isometric style, rubber bands, and bodybuilding equipment have an effective role on improving muscular strength and treating muscle atrophy

Keywords

Isometric style muscle atrophy static muscle contraction

30

The Effect of Special Exercises For Developing Transitional Speed Of Field Referees In Iraqi Soccer Primer League

Mustafa Abdulkareem Mhana, Sabah Kassem Khalaf

Pages: 252-257 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aimed at amending transitional speed of soccer referees test, designing special exercises for developing speed, and identifying the effect of exercises on transitional speed through the amended test for Iraqi primer league referees. The researchers used the experimental method on (38) referees from the season (2018 –2019) and selected only (15) from Baghdad. The test was applied then the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to come up with the results

Keywords

soccer soccer referees speed tests

Abstract

The research aimed at amending transitional speed of soccer referees test, designing special exercises for developing speed, and identifying the effect of exercises on transitional speed through the amended test for Iraqi primer league referees. The researchers used the experimental method on (38) referees from the season (2018 –2019) and selected only (15) from Baghdad. The test was applied then the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to come up with the results

Keywords

soccer soccer referees speed tests

31

The Effect of Fartlik And Hill Style (Consequence & Intermitted) Using Treadmill For Developing Leg Muscular Strength and 400m Running achievement In Physically Disabled (46 –47)

Watheq Thamer Taher, Eman Abd-Alameer Zoon

Pages: 258-266 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

The research aimed at designing exercises using Fartlikand Hill training using Treadmill as well as identifying the effect of these styles on developing leg muscular strength and 400m achievement for physically disabled (46 –47). The researchers used the experimental method on (6) physically disabled 400m runners from the Athletics National League (2018 –2019). The subjects were divided into two groups; the first group followed fartlik and hill training (consequence) while the second group followed fartlek and hill training intermitted style. The training program consisted of 16 training sessions. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude that fartlek and hill training using treadmill have a positive effect on the endurance of muscular transitional strength and also a positive effect on achieving 400m running in favor of fartlek and hill training using intermitted style. Finally the researchers recommended the necessity of coaches’ awareness about modern training styles and technologies as well as holding training courses by the Paralympic committee to keep the coaches updated due to their great role in developing abilities and achievement.

Keywords

endurance and disability fartlek hill intermitted sequence

Abstract

The research aimed at designing exercises using Fartlikand Hill training using Treadmill as well as identifying the effect of these styles on developing leg muscular strength and 400m achievement for physically disabled (46 –47). The researchers used the experimental method on (6) physically disabled 400m runners from the Athletics National League (2018 –2019). The subjects were divided into two groups; the first group followed fartlik and hill training (consequence) while the second group followed fartlek and hill training intermitted style. The training program consisted of 16 training sessions. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude that fartlek and hill training using treadmill have a positive effect on the endurance of muscular transitional strength and also a positive effect on achieving 400m running in favor of fartlek and hill training using intermitted style. Finally the researchers recommended the necessity of coaches’ awareness about modern training styles and technologies as well as holding training courses by the Paralympic committee to keep the coaches updated due to their great role in developing abilities and achievement.

Keywords

endurance and disability fartlek hill intermitted sequence

32

Satisfaction with Newly Improved Riyadh’s Parks and its relationship with Leisure Satisfaction: An Exploratory Study

Ahmed Ben Mohammed Al-Fadhil

Pages: 267-284 English

Full Text Issues

Abstract

City and community parks are considered to be important facilitators for recreational sports participation during leisure time, since they have an impact on general public health. Thus, Riyadh has developed and improved many of its parks, in accordance with the Kingdoms’ 2030 vision, to improve quality of life. Therefore the purpose of this study was to examine users’ satisfaction level with parks, provided services, leisure satisfaction and their relation. A sample of 823 parks users, of 15 randomly stratified parks, participated on this study, which incorporate questionnaires for satisfaction with parks and their services, along with the short version of Leisure Satisfaction Scale. The results have shown a satisfaction level above average for parks, services and leisure, however, there was a significant differences based up on park’s location analysis. Also, there was a strong positive relation between leisure satisfaction and parks satisfaction. Results, limitations, along with practical and scientific recommendations were provided

Keywords

Community Parks Leisure Parks Satisfaction

Abstract

City and community parks are considered to be important facilitators for recreational sports participation during leisure time, since they have an impact on general public health. Thus, Riyadh has developed and improved many of its parks, in accordance with the Kingdoms’ 2030 vision, to improve quality of life. Therefore the purpose of this study was to examine users’ satisfaction level with parks, provided services, leisure satisfaction and their relation. A sample of 823 parks users, of 15 randomly stratified parks, participated on this study, which incorporate questionnaires for satisfaction with parks and their services, along with the short version of Leisure Satisfaction Scale. The results have shown a satisfaction level above average for parks, services and leisure, however, there was a significant differences based up on park’s location analysis. Also, there was a strong positive relation between leisure satisfaction and parks satisfaction. Results, limitations, along with practical and scientific recommendations were provided

Keywords

Community Parks Leisure Parks Satisfaction