Journal of Physical Education

leave enable problem noted researcher of goalkeepers and privacy requirements, capabilities and skills especially in the preparation of the guards and especially explosive strength and explosive strength importance through the diverse skills of jumping front & side and back is one of the most important capabilities that must be owned by and through the work of researcher goalkeeping coach and through control of goalkeepers in their matches found that goalkeepers have power jumped forward seamlessly, however, jumping backward and vulnerable witness profile compared to the jumping front use Researcher of experimental method and sample search way intentional style of one sample of (6) keepers and researcher with the modified test horizontal jumping forward and prepare exercises to develop explosive power with jump and side boxes and balls using medical bag statistics (SPSS) the researcher concluded that the use of training jump.Side and reverse their explosive capacity of muscle background and development level of the explosive capacity of the muscles on the left side and right side have goalkeeper junior

The research aimed at identifying the training requirement of the central Iraqi tennis federation staff and its branches in the middle and south of Iraq from the administrative bureau point of view. The researchers used the descriptive method on (36) members including the presidents of the federations and it members. A scale was designed to measure training requirements from administrative point of view. The test was applied on the sample then a retest followed after (13) weeks. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that the subjects need training on special technical skills while perceptual skills do not require training

The importance of the research lies in the preparation of small sided games for developing speed types in primer football clubs. The problem of the research lies in weak level of performance thus the importance lies in developing speed types in football teams. The researchers used the experimental method. The subjects were (25) players from Baghdad and Al Shorta clubs for the season 2015 –2016. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to come up with the conclusion and recommendations

The importance of the research lies in the preparation of small sided games using total football style and its effect on skill, physical and tactical development in primer football clubs. The problem of the research lies in weak level of tactical performance thus the importance lies in developing the tactical performance of players using total football style. The research aimed at identifying the effect of small sided games using total football style on physical, skill and tactical performance level development. the researchers used the experimental method. The subjects were Baghdad club as controlling group and Al Shorta club as a controlling group 2015 –2016. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to come up with the conclusion and recommendations.

Physical strength athletes need to improve their maximum strength continuously to break the records and achieve their aims. The problem of the research lies in maximum strength weakness thus the researchers designed a training apparatus to address this problem. A set of exercises were designed to be used on this apparatus hypothesizing that regular training on the apparatus have positive effects on the electric activity of the chest muscles due to the adaptation to this range of motion

All Sports, especially football, has witnessed a remarkable development in recent times as part of scientific development of sports achievements. Deaf football is one of the most important team sports in the world and its players must be fully aware of thedevelopments that are taking place. Since tactical performance is the most important element of the game, the researchers aimed at finding a suitable way for developing tactical performance by designing a set of special compound exercises using visual aid due to its great role in developing tactical performance and scoring during competitions

The aim of the research was to identify the administrative trend towards the privatization of sports clubs of Baghdad participating in the Iraqi Premier soccer League from the coaches and players point of view. The researchers used the descriptive method and the sample of the research were(290) coaches and players of Baghdad clubs participating in the Iraqi soccer Premier League for the season (2018-2019). The researcher suggested (25) item for the scale and presented it to (17) experts who agreed to (20) items, then the scale was applied on the sample (180) then it was applied on the subjects to come up with the results of the study. The results showed a great trend of coaches and players of the Baghdad clubs participating in the Iraqi soccer Premier League towards the privatization of sports

The study aimed to identify the differences in the values of the maximum strength according the electrical activity of some muscles working on both sides of the body in the (Bench Press) for the disabled, and to identify the effect of special exercises and electrical stimulation in the balance of maximum strength on both sides of the body of some the muscles working in(Bench Press),The researcher used the experimental method on (4) Weightlifters of the Iraqi team of the disabled in Baghdad, and were chosen by deliberate method, and different categories of weight (49 kg), (65 kg), (88 kg), (107 kg), (100%) of the research community. The researcher used EMG during the performance of (Bench Press) and strongly(90%) of the maximum achievement, and it was measured the activity of the electrical(Pectoralis Major muscle, Anterior Deltoid muscle, and Triceps Brachii muscle) to the right side and to the left side, and the according of the results The Researcher Concluded: that the use of electromyography is a successful and accurate method for measuring muscle strength to diagnose the strengths and weaknesses of muscle groups that affect performance. Also, the use of special exercises with electrical stimulation leads to the development of maximum strength especially for weaker muscles to approach their values of stronger muscles to improve muscle balance. The side of the body, which is reflected positively on performance and thus on achievement. And the researcher recommended a number of recommendations, including the necessity to use modern devices in detecting imbalance in muscle work, especially the balance of the maximum strength of muscles on both sides of the body in the(Bench Press), and the necessity to use exercises associated with electrical stimulation to the work of a training system includes the benefits of both exercise And electrical stimulation, to develop maximum strength and improve muscle balance on both sides of the body

The research aimed at designing and manufacturing mechanical apparatus and tools that help treat flatfoot as well as identifying the effect of treatment exercises using the apparatus and tools in pre and posttests for both feet. The researcher used the experimental method on (8) pupils from Al Samaraa district schools. After pretests and treatment program application for (6) weeks with (6) sessions per week, the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude the following: Measuring foot print (Clarks) is not a standardized means for measurement because it does not give an accurate result of flat foot in subject's understudy. Clarks can be used for first diagnoses and discovering individuals with flat foot, Using X –ray is a more accurate means for measuring flat foot, using aiding apparatus, tools and the treatment exercises have a positive effect on speeding treatment.

The problem of research lies in answering the following question; does physical education as a major affect personality traits and their self confidence? The research aimed at identifying personality traits and self confidence of female physical educators as well as other majors\' educators. The researcher used the descriptive method on (46) educators 23 physical educators and 23 educators of other subjects. The data was collected and treated used proper statistical operations to conclude significant statistical differences in self confidence and personality traits among educators in favor of physical educators.

The problem of the research lies in noticing that the body’s center of gravity passes a great curve while crossing the bar making it very heavy thus increases the time of crossing and breaks the motor pathway before, above and after the hurdle. Thus the researchers designed special exercises using a proposed device for hurdles to wear during crossing the hurdles. This device gives an audio signal to the hurdler that his crossing is within the range of the device’s laser. The research aimed at identifying the effect of this device on center of gravity height above the hurdle and its effect on the biomechanical variables before, above and after the hurdle. The subject was (6) elite 110m youth hurdlers. The special exercises were applied for (8) weeks with (3) training sessions per week. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that the exercises have significant effect. Finally the researchers recommended the necessity of making similar studies using this device on other distances and hurdles

The researchers realized that the problem of the study lies in paying attention to physical and skill aspects of sport while neglecting the psychological part. In addition to that there is no psychological specialist for sport teams that diagnose the psychological problems that the player goes through. Players themselves do not pay attention to the psychological aspect of his training a matter that negatively affects the players’ performance during competition. The aim of the research was to prepare a program for cognitive –behavioral counseling of youth handball players. The researchers used the experimental method on (14) players of Al-Anbar club in handball. The pretests were applied on Sunday 18/3/2018. The researchers concluded that there is a significant difference after applying cognitive –behavioral program in the psychological climate. In addition to that, they concluded high percentages in psychological climate variable in the subjects of the study before applying the program

Standardizing the wood badge for scouting leaders administrative sufficiency scale is considered a new project and it aimedat developing scouts and encouraging them to participate more in the educational community. Standardizing administrative scale is part of developing and process that has a great role in improving scouting leaders. Scouting leaders are the fundamental pillar for all educational and scouting institutes.

The purpose of this study in the selection of The style guided discovery and interactive to learn a skill strike, front and rear floor tennis for being appropriate for the goals desired levels for the growth of the students and the capabilities available and content material lesson and when used by the teacher will be consistent with his vision for education, while the research problem is the lack of pay most interested in the process instruction in multi-use methods teaching diverse and restrict the values of research to see which ones best impact on the level of student learning and especially that the game takes advanced educationally and artistically from all sides, and that the researcher selected sample of (30) students, and concluded that the use of style interactive and guided discovery an impact in learning a skill background strike tennis and interactive style has a greater effect in learning the skill of the back of the strike guided discovery style, and recommended to carry out a study taking other skills and use other methods to detect preference in the education of students

The aim of the research is to find the effect of electronic learning technology by using multimedia style in learning some fundamental skills in basketball for secondary school students. The researchers used the experimental method on (30) secondary school students from Almustafa High school for boys. The experimental program lasted for eight weeks including two teaching units per week. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude that multimedia style is effective in learning some fundamental offensive skills in basketball

The importance of the research lies in designing tests for some artistic skills according to offensive and defensive performance of volleyball players aged 16 – 18 years old. The research aimed at designing skill tests according to offensive and defensive performance of volleyball players aged 16 – 18 years old. The researchers used the descriptive method on (74) youth Iraqi Volleyball league. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that the rests are able to distinguish among individuals of high and low level in one tests and that the tests understudy hare reliable valid and objective.

The research aimed at identifying the effect of load frequency control in a number of skill abilities of young soccer players. The researchers used the experimental method on (32) soccer player. The training program was applied for (8) weeks with (2) training sessions per week. The data was collected and treated using SPSS. The researchers concluded that controlling load frequency have a positive effect on developing many skill abilities as well as the positive effect of skill exercises on developing many skill abilities. Finally the researchers’ concluded the necessity of using load frequency control to develop skill abilities in soccer

The researchers, being former boxers, noticed that boxers sufferfrom many arm injuries thus the researchers aimed at designing preventive exercises to prevent arm injuries in young boxers. The researchers used the experimental method on (16) young boxers of different weight class. A set of preventive exercises was designed based on abilities that affect preventing injuries including flexibility, strength endurance, and strength –speed. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to come up with the conclusions.

Analysis of boxing sports shows that boxers need all physical and motor abilities in varied proportions according to the type of performance, manner of play as well as the time of each round and type of opponent. This exchange between defense and offense during the match requires the boxer to have special physical and motor abilities not found in other sports. The researchers aimed at answering the following questions: can special abilities be developed using SAQ training? The researchers used the experimental method on (20) boxers aged 14 –16 years old from national center for gifted in boxing. The results showed that SAQ training develop special abilities in boxers specially speed and agility .

Volleyball is one of the sports that require physical and skill abilities thus many teaching models appeared to teach these abilities like group investigation model. The research aimed at identifying the effect of group investigation model on learning underarm and overhead passing in volleyball. The researchers hypothesized statistical differences between pre and posttests in learning underarm and overhead passing in volleyball as well as differences in posttests of controlling and experimental groups in learning underarm and overhead passing in volleyball. The researcher used the experimental method on (30) second year female students of physical education and sport sciences college/ university of Baghdad. Group investigation model was applied on the experimental group while the controlling group followed the traditional program. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that the experimental group was better in learning the skills understudy.

The compound Nitric Oxide of newly discovered compounds and uses the test of nitric oxide in the medical field to measure the rate of expansion of blood vessels, and therefore it is also necessary in the field of sports to give specialists of academics andtrainers of the rate of expansion of blood vessels in athletes and non-athletes and from here the researcher took this test And put it into use in the field of sports as well as non-athletes to determine the rate of expansion of blood vessels they have based on the famous saying (prevention is better than cure), and health problems is that many people do not realize the importance of sport than their own family members injured interpreted many diseases with age Therefore, the aim of the research was to use the nitric oxide test on 60 individuals divided into four groups of 15 groups in terms of age and weight. The first group are athletes who are still practicing sports at the age of 50-6 years. The second group is the students of the school of excellence (age 15-16) who do not exercise and the fourth group of players aged (15-16) years. The researcher assumes that there are There are statistically significant differences in the test between the two leading athletes and their peers Office staff and between the players and students of the School of Excellence using the nitric oxide test for expansion Blood vessels for athletes and non-athletes as well as recommends the need to continue to exercise regularly and to maintain the health of the individual and toprevent diseases

Learning patterns are the methods used by the teacheror teacher to teach the individual or learner to access the knowledge and this is what most of the specialists in the educational curriculum to target the style of the individual so that he can learn effectively and from these methods (practical -practical) models of Veldar and Lisa Silverman and the owners of this method learn By experimenting and working in groups, in contrast to learning by abstract thinking and individual work, the learner's style, which reflects the learner's level of thinking, may be helpful to researchers in developing their curricula in a way that ensures their success for the goal set for them. (Individual -competitive) in accordance with the method of learning (contemplative -practical) in learning some of the basic skills of women 's volleyball.The problem of the research: The researchers learned about many types of learning from scientific sources and references, as well as observing the curricula and the skills exercises developed by the former researchers in the field of basic skills in secondary schools in the side of Karkh found that the lesson of physical education in these schools does not take into account the pattern of learning The two researchers called for the preparation of complex exercises (individual -collective) according to the method of learning (contemplative -practical) in the belief that these exercises will have a role in the development of their motor skills and learning some skills.The aim of the research is to identify the effect of individual and group exercises according to the learning style in learning some basic skills (scrolling from the top, scrolling down, sending down) for the fifth grade students.In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the two researchers used the experimentalapproach with the design of the experimental groups. The research society consists of the fifth grade preparatory students in the university school affiliated with the Directorate of Karkh Education for the academic year 2018-2019 of (5) people by (188) (36). The sample ratio of the sample was determined after the division of the sample into the type of learning (contemplative -practical) and after the distribution of the scale It was found that Division (A) was divided into (13) students of the same method of contemplation and (12) the same (B) was divided into 14 students with a practical approach and (15) practical methods, homogeneity and equivalence of the groups and the choices of appropriate technical tests as well as the measurement of learning patterns (practical-theoretical).The researchers then processed the results in the winning section to obtain the results for the researchThe researchers reached some conclusions, the most important of which are: •The students according to the modes of learning, practical and practical and the four experimental groups are characterized each other in learning some basic skills of volleyball. •The students' learning style (practical) has the ability to learn the level of performance of the three skills placedin the research better than the students learning style (contemplative)

The study aimed at designing a teaching program using styles and aids for quick learning according to social and kinetic intelligences on learning some basic skills in tennis for players aged 11 –12 years old as well as identifying differences between pre and posttests for experimental and controlling groups in some basic skills in tennis for players aged 11 –12 years old. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (12) beginner tennis players aged 11 –12 years old from Al –Jadria Tennis Academy. They were divided equally into two groups. The researcher conducted few tests including Hensely for performance level and Atenza for evaluating serve skill performance and concentration. The teaching program was applied that consisted of two parts; the teaching part and application part. The teaching program lasted for 12 weeks with three teaching sessions per week. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The researchers concluded that quick learning is more effective in developing basic skills in tennis forehand and backhand and serve for kinetic intelligent compared to social intelligent.

The research aimed at designing a test for jump shot accuracy for back court handball players as well as identifying the differences among results value. The researchers used the descriptive method. The subjects were (10) primer league handball clubs season (2018 –2019). Six clubs were selected (Al Shorta –Al Kurk –Al Jaish –Al Mesaib –Al Selaymania –Al Fetowa) from which (39) backcourt players were selected to apply the main experiment. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The researchers concluded that jump shot with both legs is better and higher than one leg jump shot.Keywords: handball, shooting, jump shot, accuracy, body angle, momentum

Allsports have witnessed great development recently due to the scientific development in athletic achievements. Soccer is considered one of the most important team sport in which players should be fully aware of these developments especially in training, technology and mechanics. The goalkeeper is the key element in a team thus the aim of the study was to find a suitable mean for developing goalkeepers through using electronic system that specify his position during direct free kicks due to its great importance in achieving goals.

The researchers noticed that most test batteries in the national centerfor gifted in handball do not live up to the requirements of the sport. Most test batteries depend on motor and physical abilities while clearly neglecting skill tests. Thus the researchers constructed a test battery for skill tests that consisted of fourstandardized tests.

The problem of the research lies in identifying sport clubs’ work and its annual value to provide the proper financial support required for this work. The research aimed at identifying the standard and criteria levels of administrative work and artistic activities’ scale for Iraqi sport clubs.The researchers used the descriptive method on (450) member of Iraqi sport clubs. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude a standardized scale for evaluating administrative work and artistic activities for Iraqi sport clubs as well as differentiating between different levels. Finally the researchers concluded applying this scale on sport clubs as a reference for continuous improvement. In addition to that, stressing team creativity through interaction among administrative board members.

The aim of the research was to identify the degree of occupational pressure that the ministry of education staff suffers from. In addition to that the research aimed at identifying the relationship between these occupational pressures with their commitment. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were (112) staff members of general bureau of physical education and scholastic activity. A form was designed to measure occupational pressure and commitments. The main experiment was held in the general bureau of physical education and scholastic activity center from 5/2/2108 –1/3/2018. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations like standard deviation, mean, etc. to come up with the conclusions. The researcher concluded that there are high occupational pressure on general bureau of physical education and scholastic activity staff impersonated in lack of sport facilities, equipment and finical resources. In addition to that there is a weakness in general bureau of physical education and scholastic activity staff commitment. Finally the researcher concluded a positive correlation relationship between occupational pressure and commitment in general bureau of physical education and scholastic activity staff.