Journal of Physical Education

Soccer is considered one of the sports that require speed and agility during performance. The aim of this study to select physical tests for soccer players of the national center for gifted in soccer aged 14 –16 years to evaluate the training program. The main subjects were (20) soccer players divided into three groups for four months each test is separated from the other test 35 day. The data was collected and treatedusing proper statistical operations The results were displayed, analyzed then discussed to come up with the conclusions and recommendations. The researcher concluded that the training program developed agility and translational speed in players in the three test experiments.

The aim of the research was to identify the correlation relationship between the moment of landing in the weight lift to the breast, weight variables on each leg and the knee joint in female Iraqi weightlifters. The importance of the research lies in finding the places where the athlete is more prone to injuries and injuries can be reduced in joints by decreasing rotation radius thus decreasing the moments affecting the joint during this phase. The subjects were (7) female Iraqi league weightlifters. The researchers conducted many tests including body mass test, maximum achievement tests for the clean and jerk, kinematical variables analysis of landing phase, the knee joint. The results showed that the weight on each leg have the highest correlation value with the final sitting momentum variables. In addition to that, the researchers concluded thatthe moment on the knee joint during the fall phase was the highest value in knee1 and the angle of knee3 of the knee bending angles

The research aimed at identifying the differences in anaerobic ability and fatigue indicator between 400m, 800m and 1500m runners. The research hypothesized significant differences between 400m, 800m and 1500m runners in anaerobic ability and fatigue indicator. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were (8) 400m runners, (8) 800m runners, and (7) 1500m runners. Many tests were conducted the data was collected andtreated using proper statistical operations. The researcher concluded that the decrease in anaerobic ability level with the increase of distance and running speed was more in 400m runners with great difference between 400m, 800m and 1500 runners. The risein fatigue indicator along with distance and was more in 1500m runners. Finally the researchers recommended training adaptation in order for development to happen, developing anaerobic abilities for all middle distance runners for better achievements, making similar studies on other age groups and finally using precise tests for identifying the level of players and specifying their weaknesses

The study aimed at recognizing the effect of the two styles of work out: the concentrated and the distributed in developing some physical and motor abilities and learning the skill of spike in volleyball. In addition to that,the research aimed at recognizing the best of them in developing some physical and motor abilities and learning the skill of spike in volleyball. The researchers used the experimental method of two equal groups "controllingand experimental"with randomly selected sample and two tests, pretest and posttests. The sample includes (20) players representing the training center of the volleyball branch federation of Diyala province aging from (15-17) during the sport season of 2017. The players were randomly divided into two experimental groups, (10) players for each by a draw. The first group trained using the distributed style while the other (10) players were trained according to the concentrated style. Through the statistical treatments, the researchers found that the best results, represented by the two styles in developing some physical and motor abilities and learning the skill of spike in volleyball. Both training styles were helpful to the coach in learning the skill of spike in volleyball and giving him more chance to notice the players and positively correct their errors. Finally the researchers recommended the necessity of adopting the two styles of training workout: the concentrated and the distributed styles in developing some physical and motor abilities and learning skills in volleyball

Theimportance of research is to know the relationship between the forms of speed, in order to reach the best levels that help the player to invest opportunitiesin the course of matches, which require a link between this speed to reach theideal performance, and the researcher is one of the football players andthrough the follow-up field and watching the matches Note that there isweakness in some types of speed (kinetic -transitional -response speed) inthe players of the reserve for Al -Zawra sports club and because these formsare very important and must have the ability to connect these forms of theresearcher to consider the study of the relationship between some Among theforms of speed (speed of movement -speed of transit -response speed) in theplayers of the reserve for Al-Zawra football club. The objective of the research is to Identifythe relationship between the forms of speed (motor speed -the speed of speed-the speed of response) to the football players of the reserve for Al-Zawrafootball club.Theresearcher used the descriptive method in the method of associative relations,and the sample was chosen by the intentional way and from the club of Al-Zawrasports club. The researcher conducted the main experiment on 20 players on theday of the test using special tests for speed forms (speed, Response). Theresearcher used the SPSS statistical bag to derive the following values :arithmetic mean, standard deviation and simple correlation coefficient. Theresearcher reached the most important conclusions:Thereis no statistically significant relationship between the forms of speed in theplayers of Al-Zawra Club.Finally herecommended preparing of a training curriculum to develop forms of speed forfootball playersandpayingattention to the preparation stage, especially the special preparation byemphasizing the importance of physical and skill preparation in the vocabularyof the training program

This research aims at determiningthe percentage of contribution of all biomechanical variables (hip and kneeangles) in the step length and to learn the relationshipbetween them for 100msprint runners. In order to achieve the objectives of the research we used thedescriptive approach, and we did tests on fours sprint runners from Nassira Nounou's, Club of Athletics and for gathering information about the searchvariables, we used a set of tools such as a camera, a computer, and thefollowing programs (Kinovea kinesthetic analysis version 0.8.15, year 2014After Effect, PHOTOSHOP). we concluded that there is a relation between hipangle and the first, the second, and the fourth step's length and a relationbetween the knee angle and the length of the first, thesecond, and the fourth step. Also, theresearcher has concluded that there are varying proportions for hip and kneeangle at the length of the step and it has the highest percentage at the fourthstep. The researchers recommend focusing on the angles of the body in the stageof starting in training and evaluation of performance because of theirrelationship with different stages of the race, especially in the first 20 m

The importance of the research lies in biomechanical variables rule in improving swimmers' achievement hence came the idea of the research. The aim ofthe research was to identify the values of some biomechanical variables of the start phase and achievement as well as identifying the relationship of these variables with achieving 50m freestyle swimming. The researchers used the descriptive method. They videotaped one test to identify the relationship between the variables and achievement. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The researchers concluded that pushing force and launch speed have a great effect on developing and improving achievement. Finally they recommended making similar studies to analyze the rest of the variables affecting 50m freestyle swimming achievement

The research aims to identify the Imam al-Ghazali and philosophical views in Physical EducationThis paper aims to knowImam Ghazali and his philosophic opinion and his ides in education, human being , science, and knowledge. Also, it aims to know physical education.The researcher conclude at the Imam al-Ghazali depends on actual philosophy in his philosophy and he pays a big attention to human being and makes him axis to his educational plan and his aims Also, he emphasizes on the relation between mind and body and he depends on Islamic education resources in that.The researcher recommendsto make introduction to at the Imam al-Ghazali character and declarating his active role in education and physical education through making seminars and writing essays, and making other researcher a bout at the Imam al-Ghazali and declarating his role in other domains as politics and journalism

The importance of the research lies in the use of modern exercises that develop the athletes' achievements based on the leg's push strength and for the best angle of launch. The problem of the research lies in the weakness in performing launch and flight especially in youth athletes. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were (5) youth long jumpers from the national center for gifted in athletics/ ministry of youth and sports. A pilot study was conducted followed by the main training program. The researchers used one group and applied long jump achievement test to identify the differences between pre and posttests. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The researchers concluded that the angle of launch plays an important role in developing achievement. Finally they recommended stressing that training should focus on launch angle

The importance of the research lies in comparing the kinematical variables of quick attack with one pass among the three first clubs in basketball league 2016 –2017. The problem of the research lies in comparing some kinematical variables of quick attack with one pass of the three first clubs in basketball league 2016 –2017.The aim of the research is to compare the special kinematical variables of quick attack with one pass in the three first clubs of the national basketball league season 2016 –2017. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were the three first clubs in the national basketball league season 2016 –2017. A pilot study was conducted on al Shorta and Al Kehrba match on Saturday followed by the main experiment that included filming three matches (Al Kehrba ×Al Kurkl Al Shorta ×Nefot Al Jenoob/ Al Nefot ×Al Shorta). The researcher used proper statistical operations like standard deviation, mean, etc.). The researcher concluded that the distance the ball travels in Al Kehrba club vs. Al Nefot club match had significant result. Finally the researcher recommended designing a training program for quick attack with one pass as well as designing an analytical study for all the types of quick attack with one or more passes.

The present research, the researchers examined the level of professional development of the teaching methods of physical education and sports sciences through the consideration of their students. The scale was designed according to KAIZEN's strategy for the quality of education and its role in developing the professional level of teachers. To the level of professional development of a faculty member in the Faculty of Basic Education / Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences in accordance with the KAIZEN strategy for the quality of education from the point of view of their students. As well as knowledge of the level of professional development of the teaching member of the Faculty of Basic Education/ Department of Physical Education in accordance with the KAIZEN strategy The study found that faculty members in teaching methods of physical education and sports sciences have different professional development skills in several fields. You have a few skills of professional development that the faculty members' lack, but they were at an average or below average

The problem of the research lied in the lack of attention in psychological aspects of volleyball players specially energy level and psychological fluency and their effect on basic skills in volleyball. The aim of the research was to identify the level of volleyball players in relation to psychological energy and fluency for the volleyball league season 2016 –2017. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were (6) clubs (alshorta, Al Sena, Al Hebania, Ghaz Al Jenboob, Al Behri, Al Beshmerca). Psychological energy and fluency scale was applied to collected the data. The results showed that volleyball league players have low psychological energy and fluency so she recommended that coaches should develop the psychological energy and fluency of volleyball league players

Self image is one of the most important aspects that affect personality, which may have a great impact, whether negative or positive is a mental image of the individual about himself. Self-confidence is an acquired factor and there is something that can be activated to enhance your self-confidence, such as the positive image of the body. The body image has psychological dimensions and has a great impact on personality andbehavior. It is a mixture of cognitive, emotional and behavioral components.The research aimed at identifying the relationship between body image and self-confidence, among students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. In addition tothat, it aimed at identifying the differences between the level of self-confidence and its relationship to self-confidence between the four stages of study. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between self-confidence and the body image of female college students

Motor perception difficulties are considered on the learning challenges that affect children especially in their fine motor skills. The aim of the research was to improve the fine muscles of those children with motor perception difficulties. The researchers hypothesized a positive effect of the proposed teaching program on the improvement of fine muscles in slow learners. The subjects were from Al Reja institute for mentally challenged children. The results showed that the teaching program had positive effects on the experimental group in improving the fine muscles of children with motor perception difficulties. Finally the researchers recommended making similar studies on different levels of difficulties as well as on other abilities and skills

The aim of the research was to design exercises for coordination abilities for soccer players as well as identifying the level coordination and tactics in first class soccer players. The researchers hypothesized statistical differences between pre and sports tests in offensive tactics in controlling and experimental groups in favor of posttests. The researchers used the experimental method. The training program lasted for eight weeks from 1/3/2017 –1/5/2017 with four training sessions per week making a total of 32 training sessions using low intensity interval training and high intensity interval training. The intensity of such exercises ranges %80 -% 100. The researchers concluded the positive effect of the designed exercises for coordination abilities to invest in individual and team skills in offensive tactics in soccer.

The problem lies inweakness in physical abilities that negatively affected physiologicalindicators and offensive skills. This weakness comes as a result of not usingmodern training devices or exercises that are similar to offensive skills. Theresearch aimed at designing special exercises using vertimax for developingstrength defined by speed for arms and legs as well as identifying the effectsof these exercises on the development of some physiological indicators andoffensive skills of basketball .Theresearchers hypothesized significant effect of special physical exercises usingvertimax on the development of power defined by speed of arms and legs as wellas physiological indicators and offensive skills of young basketball players .The subjects were (10) young basketball players from the national center forgifted in basketball from 23/6/2017 –2/9/2017. The data was collected andtreated using proper statistical operations to conclude that developingstrength defined by speed led to great development in physiological indicators andoffensive skills in young basketball players. Finally the researcherrecommended selecting physical exercises with different resistance according tomotor pathway of basketball offensive skills in a matter that suits the sports 'physical ,skill and physiological requirements

The problem of the research lies in the lack of goals from free kick in beach soccer. The researchers designed special exercises for developing the performance, accuracy, speed of scoring as well as launch angle. The aim of the research was designing beach soccer scoring test, designing special exercises for developing the accuracy, speed of launch angle and identifying the effect of these exercises on the accuracy and speed of scoring. The researchers used experimental method. The training program consisted 24 training sessions with three sessions per week for eight weeks. The researchers concluded that the exercises developed the accuracy and speed of scoring as well as launch angle. Finally they recommended training free kicks from all distances and positions

The importance of the research lies in identifying some kinematical variables and comparing some of these variables for scoring from the side and from standing position. The problem of the research lies in jump shooting from the side compared to standing scoring. The research aimed at identifying the values of some kinematical variables of standing shooting and side jump shooting youth basketball as well as making comparisons between kinematical variables for the two types of shooting in basketball. The researchers hypothesized significant statistical differences between standing shooting and side jump shooting in youth basketball. They also used the descriptive method. The subjects were (12) tested free shot, jump shot, etc. the data was collected and treated using SPSS to conclude and recommend making similar researches on other age groups, as well as paying attention to the preparation phase for shooting success

The accuracy of shooting depends on the human body movement specially the shooting arm. The aim of the research lies in identifying the relationship between arm movement variables and the accuracy of shooting using modern measurement devices and applying it to physical disabled shooters levelSh1a. One of the modern training devices is Scattusb due to its great effect on motor response. The researchers used the descriptive method, the subjects were (5) physically disabled shooters from the Iraqi national league. The researchers concluded thatthere is a relationship between some kinematical variables of the arm in physically disabled shooters of 10m air rifle.

The researchers aimed at finding statistical differences between analytical and holistic styles in students during gymnastics class. The researchers used the descriptive method. The subjects were (200) female and male students of the college of physical education and sport sciences/ university of Baghdad academic year 2016 –2017. The researchers concluded that most of college of physical education and sport sciences' students was Analytical. They also concluded that cognitive styles are effective ways in which individual differences among learners can be revealed. In light of the findings of the researcher recommend taking into account the manner in which students are given practical and theoretical lessons, especially at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/Baghdad University at the Technical College. In addition to that the researcher recommended teaching groups in accordance with the style of the individual in class for students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/Baghdad University at the Technical College.

The aim of the research was to design mental maps for some theoretical of
cognitive achievement in the gymnastic game and to identify the effect of the use of mental
maps on cognitive achievement. The researcher hypothesized that there were statistically
significant differences between the results of the two tests and the existence of significant
differences in the remote tests between the control and experimental research in the results of
the tests of collection and retention. The study sample consisted of two experimental and
experimental groups who are students of the second stage in the Faculty of Physical
Education and Sports Sciences. The researcher adopted the achievement results in the first
exam and the retention test for the most committed female students in attendance and
attending the theoretical exams, with a total of (12) students from each group. The
application of the teaching method continued through the method of mental maps throughout
the period of theoretical theorems, which included the first half hour of the first chapter of
the experimental group, while the control group adopted the method of explanation used by
the teachers of the article. And the same date as the theoretical exam.
Through the results obtained by the researcher and their analysis and discussion
of the results, we concluded that the mental map is effective in improving students'
achievement in the cognitive part. Teaching using the mental map is also suitable for
teaching theoretical subjects in the field of Gymnastics better than the usual methods. The
method used in the teaching of theoretical subjects in the subject of Gymnastics is useful in
terms of information acquisition, but weak in terms of retention of information. Finally, the
method of teaching using mental map strategies is of great benefit in terms of retention of
acquired material. The researcher recommended the necessity of adopting the strategy of the
mental map in teaching the theoretical material of the Gymnastics and spreading this strategy
to the rest of the materials. In addition to that, training teachers of materials, especially
professors of theoretical subjects in courses on the use of mental map as well as the
introduction of teaching methods mental maps within the vocabulary of teaching methods in
the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science.

The importance of the research lies in using flexible resistors in developing
strength endurance and performing some offensive skills in basketball. The problem of the
research lies in physical preparation was very poor during special preparation phase. The
researchers used the experimental method. The subjects were (8) u18 basketball players from
the national center for gifted in basketball season 2015 – 2016. The data was collected and
treated using proper statistical operation to conclude that physical training using flexible
resistors was more effective in developing physical performance and skill. Finally they
recommended the necessity of dedicating time to develop the physical aspects as well as
training physical abilities using flexible resistors.

The aim of the study was to prepare educational exercises using Triple peer
education strategy to learn the handstand technique. The researcher assumed that there are
significant differences between the means of the experimental and control groups in the
results of pre and posttests. The researcher used the experimental method to achieve the
objectives of the study. The subjects were (30) students. The researcher concluded that the
educational exercises using the triple peer education strategy have a positive effect in the
learning skill of handstand.

The researcher designed the basis of this analytical study, to be an informational
resource for judo specialists from all academics and coaches, as well as players.
The study aimed to analyze the technical performance of the competitions of this
tournament, and the relationship of this performance technical points and penalties in
accordance with the updates of the new law of judo sport.
Several data collection channels were used:
1. Live viewing of streams.
2. Video filming.
3. Monitoring device for the registration plate (a special device for the International Judo
Federation).
4. Personal interviews with coaches of participating national teams.
Several aspects of the analysis were also highlighted:
1. Katami Waza-Nakki Waza (Ground Play Skills - Shooting Skills).
2. Obtain the full point (IPON) relative to the full download time.
3. Record the technical points and change the registration plate relative to the time of the full
download.
4. Recording technical points during bleeding.
5. Sanctions recorded on players.
Through the results and presentation, the researchers explained the importance of
the analysis and its procedures during judo tournaments. The impact of international law
updates on changing competition techniques was also highlighted.

The maps concepts are tool enable us to organization concedes in hierarchical
format ranging in which the concepts by degree abstraction from its the most abstract to
concepts least abstraction thus stand out the relations between the concepts is increasing the
link and meaning among themselves, the problem find it is through the work of the
researcher as an assistant coach team volleyball in directorate rusafa second noted twice a
clear relation to understand application. Skills volleyball demolition of their knowledge with
its laws of lissome players the objective of search to the construction of education program in accordance with the strategy of maps concepts players squad raising rusafa second in
Baghdad ball plane. have chosen the researcher curriculum pilots convenient to search the
sample is made up than30 player distributors event the researcher concluded that learning at
the skill of preparation at the end of the learning period and the researcher recommended that
the attention of volleyball coach to use the strategy of conceptual maps in the development
of learning processes in the two sides of the application and theoretical.

The aim of the research was to identify the effect of compound exercises for
improving strength defined by speed and the accuracy of jump shot in young handball
players. The researcher hypothesized the positive effect of compound exercises on the
improvement of strength defined by speed and the accuracy of jump shot in handball. The
results showed that using compound exercises led to the improvement of strength defined by
speed and the accuracy of jump shot in handball. Finally the researcher recommended
concentrating on compound exercises due to their great effect on developing special physical
abilities and jump shot in handball.