Journal of Physical Education

The problem of the research liesin the lack of female participation in judo in Iraq a matter that led the researchers to identify women's aptitudes towards judo. They designed and applied a measurement on females aged 15 –20 years old (166) female students were measurement sample and 159 female students were study subjects. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The researchers concluded that there is a general weakness among female participation in judo and the media and press increased this decline in participation. Social and religious had no positive effect in increasing female participation in judo. Psychological aspects including stress, risk, health and physical fitness had the most positive motivation to participate in judo. The researchers recommended the necessity of NOC, the ministry of Youth and sports, National federation of Judo to make strategies to attract females to this sport. In addition to that the researchers recommended sport media and press should present judo as a fun and health sport not only injures and separating armature judo from professional judo. Finally specialized schools for judo for females should be founded by the National Olympic committees a seed for more female national teams

The problem of the research lies in weakness in scoring specially clubs of ministry of youth and sports. The importance of the research lies in finding a tool that can be added to soccer special exercises of scoring and that was a ball with different weights. New 500gm balls were manufactures according to the official laws of the games. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (14) soccer players from Montada Shebab Al Baya soccer club/ ministry of youth and sport. The subjects were dived into two groups controlling and experimental. The results showed that the special exercises and the heavier ball designed by the researcher have a positive effect in developing the accuracy of scoring more than the official bal

The importance of the research lies in using Swom strategy in learning. The research aimed at designing a teaching program based on Swom strategy to develop passing and dribbling in soccer for fourthgrade high school students. The researcher hypothesized statistical differences between pre and posttests in experimental and controlling group in developing passing and dribbling in soccer. The researcher used the experimental method. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that using Swom strategy is effective in developing passing and dribbling in the subjects of the research. Finally the researchers recommended making similar studies on other age groups and applying it on other sports

The problem of the research lies in the lack of standard levels for modern administration as a guide for evaluating weaknesses and strengths as well as finding solutions. The aim of the research lies in identifying standard levels for modern administration in Iraqi central Olympic committee and international federations. The subjects were (24) Olympic committee' federations. All procedures were standardized to fit our modern administration work. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations.The researcher concluded standard levels for modern administration in international federation of the Iraqi Olympic committee, in addition to that he concluded that most administrations levels ranged within four levels (good, fair, accepted, weak) as well as administrators in these federations lack active scientific administration and understanding of most administrative concepts

The aim of the research is to identify the values of some motor abilities and response speed in handball goalkeepers as well as identifying the relationship between some motor abilities and response speed in handball goalkeepers. The researchers hypothesized no significant relationship between some motorabilities and speed of motor response. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were handball goalkeepers aged 15 –17 years old. The researcher applied many tests to measure motor response speed in goalkeepers, the data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The researcher concluded that handball goalkeeper's motor response speed is positively affected by some motor abilities like agility, coordination and flexibility

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of speed endurance exercises on the development of backhand and forehand performance accuracy in squash players. The researchers used the experimental method. The subjects were (10) equally divided into two equal groups; experimental group and controlling group. Many tests were applied to measure the accuracy of forehand and backhand. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The researchers concluded that the proposed exercises developed the accuracy of forehand and backhand performance accuracy

Klob Style of Learning is one of the learning patterns used for specifying the favorite thinking style for each individual and its effect in learning wiped shooting in female students. The researcher designed special exercises according to Klob module and the prevailing pattern of the learner. The exercises were applied on the subjects (two sections B and C). the aim of the research was to identify the differences between pre and posttests in whipped shooting. The researcher hypothesized significant statistical operation between pre and posttests in favor of the posttests. The researcher concluded that the special exercises using Kolb style have a great effect on learning whipped shooting. Finally, the researcher recommended using varied teaching styles that help learners be creative

The importance of the research lies in the importance of offensive performance in the variables selected by the experts and specialist in soccer (direct free kick, corner kick, scoring, outside penalty area, passing). The problem of the research lies in the weakness of primer league's offensive performance. The researcher conducted interviews with many experts in this field to pinpoint the variables that led to this weakness in offensive performance during the matches. The research aimed at identifying thelevel of offensive performance for Iraqi primer league clubs as well as comparing the levels of offensive performance among clubs. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were Iraqi primer league soccer clubs. The results showed a great weakness in some offensive aspects understudy. Finally the researcher recommended establishing an analytical committee for the league that focuses on game change, short passes, inter –passes

The importance of the research lies in designing strength endurance exercises in step biomechanics (legs only) in 3rdand 8thhurdles and everything connected to this training from mechanical achievement in these two hurdles and achieving 400m hurdles. The aim of the research was to identify the biomechanical variables (kinematical and kineticalvariables)in the 3rdand 8thhurdles as well as designing maximum strength endurance for the lower limbs and their effects on developing biomechanical variables of 3rdand 8thhurdles and achieving 400m hurdles. The research was applied on 400m hurdle runners from the national center for the gifted in athletics. The researcher used the experimental method, conducted 400m hurdle test while shooting 3rdand 8thhurdles for sep analysis. Maximum strength endurance training was applied on lower limbs for developing the endurance of these muscles. The training program lasted for 24 training sessions with three training session per week. The researcher concluded maximum strength endurance special training positively affected the biomechanical achievement in 3rdand 8thhurdles in the subjects understudy.

The study refers to the importance of identifying the administrative problems that hinder the development of the Racket Sports Federations in Iraq. The problem of the study can be summed up in this question: Are the Racket Sports Federations in Iraq plagued with any administrative problems that hinder their development or access to achievement?The researcher used the descriptive method in a survey manner. The community of the study consisted of (302) subjects while the sample of the study included only (277) coaches and referees from (4) Racket Sports Federations in Iraq (Tennis،Squash،Badminton،Table Tennis). The results of this study showed that these federations suffer from administrative problems in several aspects (1-leadership and decision-making،2-planning،3-organization،4-supervision and guidance،5-communication and coordination،6-oversight). The researcher has prominently recommends: to emphasize the development of solutions to the administrative problems of the Racket Sports Federations in Iraq by selecting the proper efficient administrative leaders with good experience in the field of the game and management; the need for developing long-term and short-term plans;providing financial support and infrastructure; engaging the sports staff in local and international developmental courses; as well as building a sophisticated administrative organizational structure that works according to scientific systems and foundations; Using modern social media،and increase communication with international federations and sub-associations; and finally the need to pay attention to the supervision system and its development

The aim of the study was designing a special questionnaire for finding the reality of sport facilities and equipment availability in secondary schools necessary for a typical physical education class. In addition to that it aimed at identifying the reality of sport facilities and equipment availability in secondary schools necessary for a typical physical education class. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were 458 physical educators from Baghdad secondary schools. The researcher used the questionnaire and Likert method. The questionnaire consisted of 8 items. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operation. The researcher concluded great weakness in sport facilities and equipment in secondary schools especially in gymnastics as well as the lack of a manual for physical educators for secondary school. Finally the researcher concluded that schools do not invest available spaced in schools

The importance of the research lies in using psychological preparation through imagination relaxation that reduces anxiety and stress during training and competition as well as improving the players'psychological flow. The problem of the research lies in badminton being one of the sports that require speed and accruing under a lot of pressure. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of imagination relaxation on the psychological flow of badminton players aged 17 –19 years old. The researcher hypothesized significant statistical differences between pre and posttests on one hand and in posttests in favor of the experimental method. The researcher used the experimental method and the subjects were (8) Ashorian club players. The data was collected and treated using properstatistical operations. The researcher concluded that imagination relation improved psychological flow. Finally he recommended making similar studies on other age groups

The problem of the research lies in rotational back kicks being used in taekwondo for knock out yet Iraqi fighters have a great weakness in this kick. The aim of the research is to identify some kinmatical variables of rotation back kick in taekwondo as well as designing exercises and finding their effect on back kick. The researcher hypothesized significant statistical differences between pre and posttests in favor of posttests. The researcher used the experimental method to conclude significant statistical differences between pre and posttests in favor of posttests that proves the effect of the proposed exercises. The researcher recommended using modern technologies to detect weaknesses that hinder the player's development like using small quadricopter in filming the skill as well as using cameras for live performance along with using exercises that suits the skills the fighters use during competition

The aim of the research was designing a nutritional program with amino acids well as designing exercises for muscular strength training for youth female badminton players. In addition to that the researcher aimed at identifying the effect of amino acid accompanied with muscular training on some physiological indicators in youth female badminton players. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (7) youth female badminton players from the Armenian badminton club. Many physiological tests were conducted including PWC170and Vo2Max. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that amino acid accompanied with muscular ability training have a positive effect on some physiological indicators in female badminton players

Cognitive curiosity has a great effect on learning thus researchers used cognitive curiosity and its relation with the results of performing some skills in volleyball. The researcher aimed at identifying cognitive curiosity in forth year students as well as the level of artistic performance in volleyball and the relationship between artistic performance and cognitive curiosity in volleyball. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were (50) forth year college students / university of Babel for the academic year 2016 –2017. The researcher used cognitive curiosity scale designed by Maha Hadi Hussein that consists of 30 items about artistic performance in volleyball. The researchers concluded that there are significant correlations between cognitive curiosity and artistic skills performance in volleyball

The problem of the research lies in identifying the relationship between weight exercise and testosterone and growth hormones concentration levels in weightlifters as well as bones longitudinal ability and muscle strength. The aim of the research is designing target muscle weight exercises for advance weightlifters as well as identifying the effect of these exercises on testosterone concentration level in advance weightlifter without using steroids. In addition to that the researchers aimed at identifying the effect of these exercises on growth hormone concentration in advance weightlifters. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (5) weightlifters from Al Shorta club season 2015 –2016. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations.The researchers concluded that testosterone and growth hormones increase after physical effort using weights in chest, abdominal and shoulders. These hormones are necessary for muscle building during training sessions that do not exceed 45 –60 strength training with high intensity 85 –95% during long rests more than 120 sec

Basketball is one of the most popular and popular games that have a large audience both globally and locally because of the magic it contains in terms of performance. For this sport to be a success, fundamental factors must exist and these factors is the referee. The referee plays a large and important role in the success of the game and the establishment and application of rules. The research aimed at identifying the effectof special on the development of referee's physical abilities. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (12) first class basketball referees. The researcher recommended using special exercises due to their great role in developing the physical abilities of first class basketball referees

The objective of this research is to show the effectiveness of exercise program proposal to improve the health status of patients with diabetes, and to achieve that, the researcher built a sports programbased on the results of previous studies and researches in this area, The program included many of the units and sports that rely on walking to morning and evening for a period of Eight weeks, has been selected sample deliberately, made up of five patients with type II diabetes and those who have expressed a desire to volunteer and get involved in this program, was to measure pre and post to members of the sample according to the research variables are variables of the blood and include: (sugar, hemoglobin, Erythrocyte and leukocyte) and Alontheromitrip variables include: (weight, lipids).The results showed the existence of the impact of the program with a statistically significant variables Alontheromitrip while did not show statistically significant differences on the variables of blood with a note the low rate of sugar in the blood, although this decline is statistically significant difference between pre and post measuremen

Every sport requires balance between physical fitness components like strength, speed and stamina, recovery, and oxygen uptake. The importance of the research lies in mastering typical breathing mechanism for quick recovery after rowing. The problem of the research lies in early signs of fatigue in young rowers. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of typical breathing mechanism on the developing rowing performance in young rowers. The researcher hypothesized statistical differences in breathing mechanism effect on rowing performance. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (6) rowers. The data was collectedand treated using proper statistical operations to conclude that typical breathing mechanism reduced physical effort and recovery time. Finally the researcher recommended making similar researches on other age groups and for longer distances.

Sport training is one of the sciences that is closely related to all other sport sciences and have a great effect in finding solutions for problems in artistic performance especially in activities that artistic performance is a vital role like athletics and 100m running in particular. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of Vertimax strength training on some physical abilities and 100m achievement. The problem of the research lies in the weakness in the start of this age group that is reflected one some physical abilities. The subjects were seven youth players

The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were 24 youth soccer players from Al Zewra and Al Shorta Club divided into two equal groups; Al Zewra group used compound exercises designed by FT4A while the second group used exercises designed without the FT4A. the research aimed at identifying the effect of using compound exercises using FT4A and compound exercises without FT4A in developing scoring in youth soccer players aged 17 –18 years old. The researcher concluded that the first experimental groups developed better than the second in scoring after applying exercises designed using FT4A

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using futsal skills on reducing ADHD levels in children aged 11 –12 years old. The researcher hypothesized significant statistical differences between pre and posttests in both groups. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were divided into two equal groups; experimental and controlling group. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The researcher concluded that futsal skills reduced ADHD in some pupils and injuries in some pupils. Finally she recommended adding motor games to reduce ADHD in children

Compound exercise are considered as one of the most important exercise of the game that work on developing the skillful side of soccer players. However, the motor response speed is considered one of the motor skills that any sport activity should have. So, it`s normal that this response ranges from one activity to another according to the planning and skillful requirements in every day activity. The problem of the present study is attributed to the fact that motor speed is slow when performing the skills of scoring and passing. The aim of the present study is to put special compound skillful exercises to develop the motor speed of dribbling and trapping for the Juniors aged (14-16 years old). Therefore it is hypothesized that there are statistical differences between the pre and posttests in the control and experimental groups. The subjects were (16) players from "Ammo Baba football school for juniors" whose ages ranged from 14-16 years. The researcher conducted motor response speed tests, dribbling and trapping. The researcher has discussed the results in chapter four. One of the results is the effectiveness of the special compound exercises developing the motor speed of dribbling and trapping for the subjects of the experimental group. The researcher recommends paying attention to preparation stage by focusing on the importance of the skill and physical preparation in terms of the training approach.

The aim of the research was to design exercises using divergent and convergent styles in learning some basic skills in lawn tennis by third year students of physical education and sport Sciences College/ university of Baghdad the academic year 2015 –2016.In addition to that, the researcher aimed at identifying the effect of divergent and convergent styles on learning some basic skills in lawn tennis as well as identifying the best style in learning these skills. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (20) third year college students divided into two equal groups; the first group applied the divergent style while the second group applied the convergent style. The results showed that both styles developed forehand, backhand and serving yet the divergent style was better in developing these basic skills in tennis

The aim of the study is to identify the complications of including physical challenged students in physical education class from the physical educators point of view in Jordan northern governorates (Arbid،Ajlon،Jersh). The researcher used a questioner to conclude the point of view of 153physical educators. The questioner consisted of 22 items divided into three axes (organizational obstacles،social obstacles،and physical obstacles). Theresults of the questioner showed that physical educators understudy considered physical challenged students in physical education class in all axes as well as the absence of significant statistical differences in gender،scientific qualification. The results also showed that there are differences due to experience in favor of the ones who are more experience.