Journal of Physical Education

The importance of the research lies in using the simplest teaching methods for learning different skills like cartwheel in gymnastics. The problem of the research lies in the difficulty in finding teaching methods that suits the students' age and abilities. The research aimed at designing teaching package for learning cartwheel and hypothesized statistica differences between pre and posttests in both controlling and experimental groups in cartwheel.The researcher used the experimental method and the subjects were (28) students. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The researchers concluded that the teaching package has positive effect if used correctly and scientifically. Finally they recommended developing teaching package suitable to students' age and applying this package on students of similar age groups

The Problem of the research lies in weak leading Leg swing in most high jumpers. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were (7) youth high jumpers of the season 2015 from the national center for gifted in athletics. Three high quality video cameras were used to analyses movement using Kinovea program. The kinematical variables of each point of the body as well as the body center were specified. The data was collected and treated using SPSS. The researcher concluded that after analyzing angular speed of the leading leg there was weakness in the physical abilities of Iraqi high jumper that lead to humble achievements. The researcher recommended paying attention to basic analytical mechanics of angular speed and leading leg swing to develop the knowledge of local coaches and high jumpers.

Spiking is considered one of the most important skills in volleyball. The problem of the research lies in weakness in spiking from different positions due to incorrect exercises. Most players practice individual spiking thus the researcher designed special exercises for spiking from different positions. The subjects were (12) volleyball players from the national center for gifted in volleyball. The aim of the research is to identify the differences between pre and posttests of both controlling and experimental groups in the accuracy of spiking. The researcher hypothesized statistical differences between pre and posttests. The results showed positive effects of special exercises for coordination abilities on spiking in volleyball. The researcher recommended using these exercises for developing other volleyball skills

The importance of the research lies in designing a teaching program for spiking in volleyball that train attention for sophomore students using Vienna Testing System due to its great effect on teaching. The problem of the research lies in the lack of researches related to mental operations that the students go through while performing skill as well as weakness in spiking motor abilities and attention. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (30) sophomore students of physical education and sport sciences college, sections (g) and (f) of the academic year 2015 –2016. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The researchers concluded that the designed teaching program has a positive effect on learning spiking in volleyball. In addition to that they concluded that using modern means for measurement like VTS positively affect research results

The Problem of the research lies in abdomen muscles weakness in most high jumpers. The research aimed at identifying some physical abilities values as well as identifying the relationship of these abilities on high jumping achievement in youth to develop the level of achievement. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were (7) youth high jumpers of the season 2015 from the national center for gifted in athletics. A pilot test was made using Flat –Rol device to measure strength defined by speed in 30sec for abdominal and back muscles. The data was collected and treated using SPSS. The researcher concluded that there is weakness in the physical abilities of Iraqi high jumper that lead to humble achievements. The researcher recommended developing abdominal and back muscles due to their great effect on achievement

The aim of the research is to compare the results of 2ndclass football referees with 3rdclass football referees in physical fitness test Yo –Yo test. In addition to that the researcher aimed at finding the differences in distances covered in yo –yo tests. the subjects were (15) 2ndclass football referee and (15) 3rdclass football referees. The researcher concluded that there are weaknesses in speed stamina especially in 3rdclass football referees

The problem of the research lies in selecting the perfect teaching style from many teaching styles that suits the requirement of the sport, the students' abilities and investing time to achieve the aims of teaching. The research aimed at identifying the effect of Initiative style on learning and retaining scoring skill in female futsal players as well as identifying the best style. The researcher hypothesized statistical differences between pre and posttests in all research groups in learning and retaining scoring skill in female futsal players in favor of posttests. In addition to that, the researcher hypothesized statistical differences in posttests in all groups in learning and retaining scoring in female futsal players.The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were first year College of physical education and sport sciences' female students of the academic year 2015 –2016. The research lasted from 12/2/2016 till 28/4/2016. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. Finally the researcher came up with the conclusions and recommendations

The problem of the research lies in not using modern teaching aids in developing skill that leads to weakness in performance in general and in offense in particular. The researcher aimedat designing special exercises for developing some biomechanical variables of high setting as well as identifying the effect of these exercises on the development of high setting in youth volleyball. The researcher hypothesized statistical differences between pre and posttests in physical abilities and biomechanical variables. In addition to that, she hypothesized statistical differences between pre and posttests in setting accuracy.The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were (30) youth volleyball players. the exercises were applied then the data was collected using proper statistical operation. The results showed positive effect of biomechanical variables on setting and the accuracy of performance in volleyball (ball touch time, ball launch time, ball launch angle). The researcher recommended using special exercises for other subjects and age groups as well as stressing the aids that affect performance variables in setting

The importance of the research lies in direct free kick scoring in football and its effect on match results. The problem of the research lies in the lack of exercises that develop free kick scoring in football. The aims of the research lies in designing special exercises using training aids to develop the accuracy of free kick in youth football scoring as well as identifying the effect of these special exercises using training aids on the development of free kick accuracy in youth football. The researcher hypothesized the positive effect of special exercises on the development free kick accuracy in youth football. In addition to that he hypothesized differences between pre and posttests in free kick accuracy. The researcher used the experimental method. Thesubjects were (5) youth football players aged 17 –19 years old from Al Zewraa club. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to come up with the conclusions and recommendations. The researcher concluded that the special exercises have positive effects on the development of free kick accuracy and using training aids motivated players to attend all training sessions. Finally the researcher recommended the necessity of using these special exercises with training aids especially on players specialized in free kick

The problem of the research lies in maintaining physical fitness and functional ability inwomen after menopause (45 –55) a matter that make them prone to osteoporoses. The researcher designed exercises to develop physical fitness as well as estrogen hormone increase. The researcher used the experimental method. The results were treated using proper statistical operations. The researcher concluded that the proposed exercises have a positive effect on mechanical, functional and physical variables understudy. In addition to that she concluded that these exercises enhance heart muscle efficiency as well as respiratory system improvement. The researcher recommended using the exercises proposed by the researcher to enhance physical and functional traits as well as Making similar researches in mechanical variables and clinical tests as a precaution from osteoporosis

Varied teaching style is considered one of the important teaching styles due to its great effect on learning football using strategy form learning that is multi intelligence. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of varied teaching style using multi intelligence on learning some skills in football by secondary school students. The subjects were (20) first grade secondary school students aged 12 –13from Khalid Ibn Al Waleed School. The researcher recommended using varied teaching style in learning football skills due to their great importance in treating individual differences among learners as well as using modern teaching aids for better communication with the learners

The problem of the research lies in weakness in straight forehand stroke in national badminton league athletes. This skill requires strength and high speed to be performed correctly thus force momentum of the hitting arm should be increased. The research aimed at designing special exercises using loaded rackets to develop force momentum for the hitting arm while performing straight forehand by national badminton league athletes. The researchers used the experimental method. The subjects were (6) national badminton athletes. Pre tests included hitting arm tests followed by the training program with two training sessions per week for six weeks. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The researchers concluded that the tests showed great results in favor of posttests of accuracy and force momentum. Finally the researchers recommended using loaded weights on other variables for badminton athletes

The problem of the research lies in the motor analysis of Tores Skill phase on
parallel bar during leaving and flight using grip angle as an indicator. The aim of the
research was to identify the effect of grip angle on the performance on parallel bar and the
relationship between them. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were
(4) gymnasts who participated Qatar Championship 2016. The data was collected and treated
using proper statistical operations. The researcher concluded a prediction formula for grip
angle that can be used by researchers for comparative studies.

The aim of the reseach is designing exercises for 100m and 200m youth runners. The reseacher designed the exercises accoridng to interval training with high intensity. The program inlcuede 24 training sessions applied on 12 runners from the national center for gifted athletes in atheltics aged 18 –19 years old.the subjects were tests using dynafoot for legs explosive power, 100m and 200m achivment test. the results showed developemnt in 100m achviment more than in 200m. in addidtion to that explosive power training has a great effect in imporving physical abilities and the working muslcs in both perfraomnce and physical ability.

The research aimed at using exercises with weights and circuit training to
develop strength endurance and identifying the effect of these exercises on the development
of 2000m achievement on ergometer and in water. The researcher hypothesized statistical
differences between pre and posttests in favor of posttests in strength endurance and
achievement. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (20) rowers
from different clubs aged (16 - 18) years old. The researcher concluded that using exercises
with weights in circuit training develop endurance in youth rowers as well as 2000m
achievement. Finally the researcher concluded that the development of 2000m achievement
on the ergometer leads to 2000m achievement in water.

The problem of the research lies in answering the following questions; does lunges vital capacity related to heart pulse? Is heart pulse related to some anthropometric measurements according to energy systems? The aim of the research is to identifying the anthropometric measurements, lunges vital capacity and heart rate during effort according to working energy systems in footballers as well as finding the relationship between absolute vital capacity and heart pulse before and after effort according to energy systems of footballers. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were (27) advance football players from Erbil club then (16) players only were included in this research. The researcher used electronic stopwatch to measure time, scales for mass and measuring tape for measuring the height and girth. Sprometer was used for measuring lungs capacity and stethoscope for measuring heart pulse. 100m dash test was conducted as a test. The subjects were tested before and after the tests then the data was collected and treated using simple correlation and standard deviation to come up with the results.The researcher concluded that there is a highsignificant correlation between anthropometric measurements used in the research as well as significant correlation between vital capacity during and after 100m running for 4 and 5 minutes. There were no significant correlations between vital capacity, heart pulse and anthropometric measuring. The researcher recommended paying attention to respiratory system physiology and making regular tests on players according to their energy systems to find the relationship between capacity, heart pulse and anthropometric measurements

The research aims to identify the relationship between time management and leadership behavior of some teachers of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were (100) male and female teachers of physical education. The researcher designed a questionnaire that consisted of time management scale as well as a leadership behavior scale. The data was collected and treated using SPSS. The results showed significant correlation relationship between time management and leadership behavior in teachers of physical education and sport sciences

The aim of the research is using motor pathway control as a teaching style through using exercise according to performance indicators. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (40) sophomore students of physical education and sport Sciences College. The exercises were designed according to proposed style for the skills. The data was collected and treated using properstatistical operations. The researcher concluded that controlling motor pathway affects using motor abilities and concentration on compound muscular groups as well as controlling the motor pathway achieves better position for body center during practice. Finally the researcher recommended using motor pathway control on freshmen and during the first stages of learning and training as well as using it for developing special muscular groups and to reduce the variables affecting using mental abilities

The research aimed at identifying the differences in some physical fitness and
motor components in team sport players. The researcher used the descriptive method. The
subjects were (40) team sport players from physical education and sport sciences college/
university of Salah Al Deen /Erbil (ten players from each team sport; volleyball, football,
basketball and handball). Many tests were conducted including 20m long jump test, medicine ball throw from sitting position, shuttle run, etc) the data was collected and treated using
SPSS to come up with the conclusions and recommendations. The researcher concluded
significant differences between team sports players (football, basketball, volleyball, and
handball) in (medicine ball, coordination, sit ups and 1500 running). There were no
significant differences between team sports players in 20m running, long jump, agility,
scoring, flexibility, and Nilsom Test. The researcher recommended that all team sports
players should pay attention to general and special physical training and that coaches should
use special training programs for developing some special physical abilities. Finally he
recommended making similar studies on other compounds and other sports.

The research aims to prepare training exercises in a way high intensity interval in the effectiveness ran 800 meters for young people, to identify the impact of the proposed exercises to improve some functional indicators and completion ran 800 meters category for young people. , Researcher training high interval intensity and applied it to (14) of Rakda 800 youths belonging to the Centre Specialist Athletics and aged and readied ranged (18-19) years, were divided randomly using a lottery into two groups of (7) was an officer and the other pilot. And conducted parity between the two sets of search according to the variables (age, the length of the body, and life training) and identified the tests Search (b ran 800 m) and a measurement of functional indicators (lactic acid after the voltage pulse teams before the effort and beyond, measuring the maximum consumption of oxygen) applied the experimental group training jogging by using high-intensity training program and applied officer usual daily workouts, the results appeared on the evolution of time and achievement in the development of some functional indicators (lactic acid after the voltage pulse teams before and after the effort, measuring the maximum consumption of oxygen), the experimental group.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of visual and auditory teaching aids and their effect on learning the accuracy of scoring in football for players aged 17 –18 years old. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (24) Al Anbar football team that was divided into two groups; the experimentalgroup and the controlling group. The experimental group used visual and auditory aids to learn scoring in football while the controlling group used the traditional curriculum. The researcher concluded that the experimental group surpassed the controlling group in learning scoring in football

The importance of the research lies in the speed of tactical planning that plays a great role in achieving great results thus the resee4rcehr proposed exercises that develop ball possession in specific positions. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (22) football players aged 16 years old from Amo Baba school. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The researcher concluded that the experimental group surpassed the controlling groupbecause they trained on ball possession exercises (passing, trapping, scoring and cutting the ball). Finally the researcher recommended the necessity of using these exercises when training players tactical planning for players aged 16 years old

Handball gained a lot of interest by researchers all over the world. The problem
of the research lies in weakness in performing some shooting skill in handball. The
researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (19) sophomore students of
physical education and sport sciences college/ University of Baghdad of the academic year
2015 – 2016. The research aimed at identifying the effect of these exercises using aids for
teaching some types of shooting in handball. The researcher conclude the positive effects of
the proposed exercises on some types of shooting. Finally the researcher recommended the
necessity of using aids for teaching shooting in sophomore stuetns of physical edcaution and
on other grades.

The problem of the research lies in the weakness of table tennis athletes due to lack of performance accuracy. The importance of the research lies in finding a relationship between the variables and finding a contribution percentage between visual functions and the most used shot in table tennis. The researcher used the deceptive method. The subjects were (8) advance table tennis athletes. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The researcher concluded a significant correlation relationship as well as contribution percentage between visual functions and the accuracy of shooting in table tennis. Finally the researcher recommended the necessity of paying attention to visual functions on other sports and other subjects