Journal of Physical Education

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using special exercises as educational games on the performance of some basic skills in volleyball for secondary school students. The researchers hypothesize significant statistical differences between pre and posttests in controlling and experimental groups in favor of the experimental group in posttests. The researchers used the experimental method and the subjects were (30) first stage secondary school students of Al Mustafa school. The subjects were divided into two equal groups (15) controlling and (15) experimental group. The researchers concluded that there is a great development on volleyball basic skills in the experimental group compared to the controlling group

The importance of the research lies in studying and analyzing jumping skill variables in volleyball to identify the percentage of their effect on spiking in volleyball. In addition to that the importance lies in using modern technology and programs that will help both coach and player in identifying the factors that affect his performance. The aims of the study are; identifying the muscular strength values taking from the foot scan as well as identifying the height of body's center of weight for volleyball players during spiking and finally the research aimed at identifying the relationship between strength and height on jump in volleyball spiking.The researcher sued the descriptive method. The subjects were (9) volleyball players who are good in spiking and they are all from the Iraqi national team season 2015 –2016. The main experiment was conducted on Sunday 27/3/2015 at three o'clock in the college of physical education and sport sciences volleyball court / University of Baghdad

As one of the team sports with changing motor performance, beach soccer needs special physical qualities due to the (small playing court, short time match, sandy ground, and the few number of players). Players should have a high level of these qualities as well as some basic skills needed in tactical performance in matches. Hence is the importance of the study in using game-like exercises to develop strength endurance and finding out its relationship with shooting in beach soccer. The researcher as a beach soccer player in the Iraqi national team has diagnosed the weaknesses of the Iraqi players throughout beach soccer tournament and suggested to develop some special physical abilities; strength endurance comes in forefront.The experimental method has been selected according to one group design with pre and posttests. The population of the study has been purposively chosen from the national team of beach soccer totaling (12) players. Twoplayers were excluded and (10) players purposively selected to be the subject of the study rating 83.3% of the population; all submitted to the game –like exercises. Conclusions have showed that both of strength endurance and shooting skill have been developed among beach soccer players. The researcher accordingly has recommended conducting more research and studies using game-like exercises on soccer and futsal

The importance of the research lies in identifying the level of administrative skills that the members of the Iraqi national Paralympic Committee members have. The problem of the research lies in answering the following question : what is the level of administrative skills that the Iraqi national Paralympic committee members have?The researchers used the descriptive method. The subjects were (125) federation coaches and referees both local and international. A scale was designed and applied on the subjects in a pilot study followed by the main questionnaire. The researchers stressed on testing Iraqi national Paralympic committee members for administrative skill level specially before elections

The problem of the research lies in the modern sport of 3×3 basketball and finding new means for developing this sport physically. No previous researches tackled physical abilities specially response speed. The researcheraimed at designing speed exercises for 3×3 basketball defense players U18 and identifying their effect on response speed development.The researchers used the experimental method. The subjects were (6) Air force 3×3 basketball players. The training program consisted of three training sessions per week for 8 weeks. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to come up with the results. The researchers concluded that the special physical exercises develop the speed of motor response of 3×3 basketball defense players

The importance of the research lies in using different timings for feedback to schedule consistent and varied practice according to mastery of learning style to learn jumping on the vault in gymnastics by pupils. The problem of the research lies in the pupils' weakness in performing gymnastic skills specially vaulting on the vault during physical education class. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (28) third year pupils from Al Tekamul elementary school/ Baghdad of the academic year 2015 –2016 all aged nine years old

Lumber discs are important in performing daily activities andinjuries in this disc can be very devastating to individuals in some cases lead to paralysis. The researcher designed a nutritional program along with rehabilitation exercises to decrease the risks on this injury and as a precaution against surgery. The aim of the research was designing rehabilitation exercises with medicine apparatuses to treat women with lumber disc herniation aged 25 –30 years old. The researcher performed the program in a medical rehabilitation and joint diseases center. The subjects were tested in weight, spine flexibility and many other tests. The results showed slight development in posttests due to the slight pain felt by the patient. The researcher concluded that rehabilitation exercises have a great role in treatment and works against muscle atrophy. In addition to that progression in exercises gave patients motivation and the nutritional program played a great role in decreasing back pain due to patients weight loses. Finally the researcher recommended using illustration of exercises to perform exercises correctly and she also recommended using this program on other subjects for other injuries like knee injuries

The importance of the research liesin the training procedures programming and its suitability to the athlete's individual abilities to reach his/ her best level. The problem of the research lies in not paying enough attention to scientific diagnosis of movement thus not distinguishing between the motor abilities for each of the racket sports. The aim of the research is to identify the differences between some motor abilities (speed, flexibility, agility, and coordination) in racket sports. The subjects were youth racket sport players (badminton, table –tennis, and tennis). The researcher used special ability tests to conclude the variance between racket players (badminton, tennis, and table –tennis) in motor abilities and table –tennis players have speed in hand movement, badminton players have motor flexibility, motor agility while tennis players have higher motor coordination compared to the other racket sport players

The aim of the research is to assess barbell trajectory in snatch for Iraqi female weightlifters. The researcher specified the kinematical variables of the weight's path in snatch and they include (heights H1, H2, H3 and Drop X) Deviations (D1, D2, D3). The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were (6) female weightlifters compared to (6) first ranking world weightlifters 2015. Two cameras type )Casio EX-ZS100(, placed in(3-D) position were sued along with dartfish app for analysis the performance. The researcher used (SPSS) for statistical analyzes, which included: mean, Standard deviation, minimum, maximum, percentage, Shapiro–Wilk test, t-test for two independent samples. There researcher concluded that the Iraqi model barbell trajectory didn't differ from world model except in the maximum height.Accordingly, the main recommendations were as follows:Emphasis on not to exaggerate in the height of the barbell, and taking the barbell to the typical height in every phase.Pull the body lightest weight under the bar instead of lifting the barbell after arriving the critical height to do the turnover under the barbellDevelopment the Motor Abilities which inked to a largeextent with the speed of turnover under the barbell.Conduct similar studies in clean& jerk lift

The aim of the research is to design functional strength exercises for developing special requirements that affect the working muscles of ring performance in gymnastics. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were (6) youth gymnasts. Three pilot tests were conducted followed by the main experiment to identify the operation method of EMG and displaying the results through Myo Research. The experiments were conducted 20/7/2016 till 25/11/2015. The researchers collected the data and treated it using proper statistical operations. The researchers concluded that the standardized training loads using the training program contributed in developing the performance of gymnasts. In addition to that they concluded that using EMG gave clear indicatorsfor development or weaknesses in performance. Finally the researcher recommended equipping training gyms with functional strength training equipment due to their great effect on skill and physical development. They also recommended making periodical functional tests to evaluate the gymnast's development as well as using videotaping and motor analysis for correcting motor pathways of skills in younger athletes

The importance of the research lies in the increase number of knee injuries in sports and the necessity of correctly treating it and rehabilitating it especially for Muay Thai fighters. The problem of the research lies in designing a training program for treating and rehabilitating knee and ankle injuries including absolute strength exercises for working muscles in these joint after surgery. The researcher applied the training program on Muay Thai fighters' injuries during the season 20014 –2015. The program lasted for eight weeks with three training sessions per week. The researchers concluded that diagnosing injury and the degree of pain contribute in muscle effort placed on it as well as strengthening muscle power of muscles around joints increase their efficiency after rehabilitation. Finlay the researcher concluded that the training program lead to the development of the maximum strength of knee and ankle musclesrehabilitating knee and ankle injuries including absolute strength exercises for working muscles in these joint after surgery. The researcher applied the training program on Muay Thai fighters' injuries during the season 20014 –2015. The program lasted for eight weeks with three training sessions per week. The researchers concluded that diagnosing injury and the degree of pain contribute in muscle effort placed on it as well as strengthening muscle power of muscles around joints increase their efficiency after rehabilitation. Finlay the researcher concluded that the training program lead to the development of the maximum strength of knee and ankle muscles

The importance of the research lies in the great development in psychological measurements and tests that help the athlete in reaching thehis peak performance. The problem of the researcher lies in answering the following question; will visual –special attention of soccer players develop after applying spatial mental training exercises during their daily training session? The aim of the research included identifying the visual –spatial attention in some Al Zewra soccer players, designing mental exercise for developing this attention, and identifying the effect of these exercises on visual –spatial attention. The researcher hypothesized significant statistical differences between pre and posttests in visual –spatial attention for Al Zewra soccer players. The researchers used the experimental method and the subjects were Al zewra soccer players. The VTS tests and WAFR tests were conducted on the subjects to measure visual –Spatial attention. The data was collected and treated using proper SPSS to come up with the conclusions and recommendations

Gymnastics is considered onof the most difficult events due to its motor performance difficulty. The researchers noticed the difficulties faced by gymnasts that lead them to lose their skill and artistic performance. The researchers analyzed handstand and specified the most important values of this skill. The aim of the research is to identify the kinematical values of handstand of Kurdistan gymnast on the mat during floor exercises, in addition to that, the research aimed at identifying the differences among these values. The subjects were Kurdish gymnasts in college of physical education gymnasium in Salah anl deen/ Arbil. The research was conducted from 17/4/2014 –25/6/2014. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical methods.The researchers concluded that hip joint value is larger than 180 in all gymnastics especially at the final phase due to weakness in balance and stability. Finally the researchers recommend that all Kurdistan club coaches should do artistic evaluation of motor analysis to clarify the development of artistic performance of different gymnastic movements. Finally the researchers recommended paying attention to mechanical and analytical bases of artistic performance for all gymnastic movements to identify peak performance and early detection of weakness in players

The aim of the research is to identify energy quantity indicator that can be predicted through lactic acid concentration after maximal effort as well as specifying the percent of lactic acid concentration contribution on estimating energy Quantity and concluding a prediction formula as energy indicator. The researchers hypothesized significant statistical differences between energy quantity and lactic acid concentration after maximal physical effort. In addition to thatthe researchers hypothesized that maximal physical effort has a consistent effect of energy quantity. The researchers used the descriptive method with one pilot study on (60) soccer players aged 18 –25 years old. Two variables were studies; energy expenditure quantity and lactic acid concentration before and after performance and within (1,3,5,7) minutes from maximal physical effort. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The researchers concluded that the highest lactic concentration was recorded during the first minute of recovery after effort then decreases gradually making predicting total energy expenditure by measuring lactic acid during the 1st, , 3rd,5th, 7thminutes after recovery

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of suing divergent discovery style on learning overhead passing in volleyball for. The researchers hypothesized significant statistical differences in posttest in learning overhead pass in volleyball. The researcher used the experimental method. The subjects were 12 female students from the Iraq Al Semood secondary school. The researchers concluded that the teaching style have a significant statistical in the experimental group posttest for 2ndstage students in volleyball overhead pass

The importance of the research lies in using assisting aids that develop the motor speed of players and their effect on maximal anaerobic ability and the players' motor speed inbasketball defense. The problem of the research is that physical preparation did not take its role in the training process. The researchers used the experimental method. The subjects were (8) under eighteen basketball players from the National Center for gifted in Basketball for the season 2015 –2016. The data was collected and treated using SPSS to come up with the conclusions. The researchers concluded that these assisting aids develop the motor speed and maximal anaerobic speed of defense basketball player. They also concluded that the assisting aids develop physical performance as well as functional performance. The researcher recommended the necessity of dedicating few training days for developing defense skills as well as paying attention to physicalabilities all season long

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using compound exercises using auditory and visual means on some basic skills in futsal. The researchers hypothesized significant statistical differences between pre and posttests in controlling and experimental group in favor of posttest of the experimental group. The researchers used the experimental method. The subjects were (12) female futsal players from Blademn club. The subjects were divided into two equal groups; (6) controlling and (6) experimental. The researchers concluded that the experimental group developed in basic skills more than the controlling group

This study aimed to investigate the effect of using some therapeutic methods ( Therapeutic massage, Heat Therapy, Cryotherapy, Traction, Therapeutic Exercises) on the degree of lumbar herniated disk on study variables : degree of herniated disk, back and legs strength, back flexibility, severity of pain, and movement satisfaction, and The Roland-Morris low back pain and disability questionnaire. The sampleof the study consisted (9) females patients with lumbar herniated disk. Aged between(47.56±11.27), and height (165.33±5.32), and their weight (69.44±13.86). The program was applied over (6) weeks of (20) therapeutic session. The results showed a statistically significant difference between the pre and post measurement for all study variables. According to the results, the researcher recommends that generalization of the suggest program to apply it in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and for individuals,for patients with lumbar herniated disk

Demonstrated the importance of research in the development of special exercises for the development speed of the sample individuals with disabilities, and therefore the development of achievement for swimming (50m) free for the two categories (S9_S10), as the player for the time difference (0.01) second less when the competition will be the winner of that event so you must focus on the smallest details in order to reduce the time to get to the best achievements, the research problem Vttrq researcher that there are times uneven in swimmers levels at cutting down the parts of the race distance (50m) freestyle disabled men and that disparity has led to the inability of the swimmers to control speed and maintain them and not distributed to the effort correctly on parts distance of the (50m) freestyle and parts of it felt researcher need to study this problem by preparing special exercises to see its impact on the status of the speed, and the goal of research is to develop specific exercises to develop the speed with swimmers (50m) free for people with disabilities physical category (S9_S10) men and their impact in the development of achievement, and included door theory on topics related to the research, the research sample was selected sample purposively represented the Iraqi national swimmers for the physically disabled category (S9_S10) totaling (5) swimmers with amputations unilateral, which represent the percentage (100%) of the community of the original search thatlasted for training curriculum (8) weeks of (3) units weekly, and the researcher suggested that exercise special speed used in the research worked on developing the capacity of swimmers on the cruise control and maintain them when cutting race distance (50m) freestyle and thus led to the development of the ultimate accomplishment they have, and the researcher recommends the use of exercises maximum speed in the race by dividing the distance to the different parts of your preparation phase, also recommends conducting similar studies on other categories of disability

The aim of the research is to identify shooting accuracy, strength defined by speed as well as Vo2Max uptake in gifted basketball players of the national center. The researchers used the descriptive method. The subjects were basketball players from the national center for gifted athletes. Shooting accuracy, strength defined by speed and Vo2Max uptake were measured for all players understudy. The results showed that the exercises of the national center for gifted need suitable time for developing shooting accuracy and strength defined by speed. In addition to that the researchers concluded that the national center's exercises improve Vo2 Max in basketball players.

The dribbling football skill is considered to be the main key by which can carry out the tactical duties during a match. Without mastering the required motor speed, the task of implementing these plans becomes very difficult due to the correlation between the basic skills and the physical abilities especially that of motor speed. Hence the idea of the research in conducting an experimental scientific study giving special coordinative exercises (of acumen and intelligence) using training aids with balls of different shapes and sizes and with alternate hands and legs to develop the motor speed of dribbling skill .The study has been applied to Al-Sulaikh Sports Club players of youth as the subjects of the study. They have been divided into two groups; experimental and control each of (10) players. The study started on Sunday, 14/2/2016 until Thursday, 7/4/2016 with three training units weekly; for 8 weeks and in totally (24) units. The training unit was mainly occupied by the coordinative exercises and for (30-40) minutes. The exercises were coordinately changed using balls of different shapes and sizes and with alternate arms and legs to develop motor speed of dribbling skill .Posttests then took place on Sunday, 10/4/2016; results and data were collected, statistically treated, displayed, and scientifically discussed

The importance of the research lies in coaches interest in attention to develop shooting accuracy and improving the shooters' level through performance assessment and development using special physical exercises. The problem of the research lies in the differences among female shooters in shooting due to their differences in response to training. Most coaches don’t use scientific evaluation to analyze performance and identifying the weaknesses and strength in female shooters. The aim of the researcher is to identify the relationship between size, concentration, and attention with the accuracy in air rifle shooting. The researcher used the descriptive method. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to come up with the results. The researcher concluded that attention has a positive relationship with shooting accuracy in young female air rifle shooters. Finally she recommended stressing on the importance of attention during shooters' selection

Relax and regulate breathing aims to use as a means of psychological preparation of athletes attempt to get rid of stress, anxiety and arousal facing Sporting before or during athletic competition.otkmen importance of relaxation and regulate breathing to reducethe impact of responding to the pressure of nervous and assistance to reach the optimal level of arousal and helps the players to Panevaalathm control before during Athletic competition, and that the effectiveness of the chucking require special physical abilities and capabilities of mobility for the practice as well as some physical specifications of Rami, the performance of which depends on the application of the technical aspects in an integrated manner, which depends on Elkinmetekih respects that if the layer its image ideal would have been possible to achieve better achievement. The importance of research in the stand on the effect of relaxing the program and the organization of breathing in some variables Albaao mechanical and achievement of the effectiveness throw (disk).The research problem, it turns out most of the activities of chucking handle the case of arousal emotional high for the players through the long and short-term psychological training as well as they develop recipes player physical and skill through the usual physical training in the daily training modules without the use of relaxation training and regulate breathing, which probably helps them to minimize the impact tensile psychological for the race and thus its impact on the mechanical variables and achievement..The research aims to develop and apply the proposal to relax and regulate breathing on the research sample program as well as to identify the impact of the proposed program on some Albayumkanikih variables and processing with the players effectively throw (disk) youth. The researchers assumed in light of the goals of his research:1.The proposed program a positive effect in some Albayumkanikih and achievement variables among players effectively throw (disk) youth.The research includes theoretical studies on the following terms are exercises to relax and one of the exercises necessary and important and that will help in the delivery aimed at achievement level best, which means the rest of mind and muscle relaxant and the demise of tension with the extended body or Astelqah.The researchers used the experimental approach to design (equal groups) to suit the nature of the problem to be solved, and formed the research sample of 12 players were selected purposively sample was divided into two groups (experimental and control group) and is made up of each group (6) players were finding the situation is variable not individuals sample search.The researchers conducted a pretest to the research sample for the research variables and after ending the duration of the experimental method was conducted post-test on the same sample in the same circumstances and after obtaining the results of researchers used statistical following laws (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t for independent samples, t non-independent samples, torsion modulus) as well as the analysis and discussion of the results obtained by the researchers.astantj following.1.If you use relaxation and breathing exercises and the organization in addition to the traditional training as possible that affect the achievement of the completion of the best2.The relaxation exercises and regular breathing exercises in addition to traditional machine Bowler of the mechanical application of the conditions to be used to throw the disc better. The researchers recommend the following:
1. The effectiveness of the discus coaches take advantage of the relaxation and regulate breathing exercises help being aimed at the development of better achievement.
2.further research and studies to identify the nature of the study on the rest of the athletics events

Education relies on the development of students and raise the cognitive and emotional potential and psychomotor through the curriculum, which should be characterized by inclusiveness and integration, which is a physical education lesson is an important part of the curriculum, as students from which he can achieve many of the goals of the school curriculum mental, physical and psychological integration and stimulate the effectiveness of achievement, innovation and creativity through the application vocabulary lesson optimally, and taking on the responsibility of the educational administration of the school to provide all administrative, physical and financial resources allocated to them and the places and support the teaching staff specialized in the success of the educational process and to achieve the lesson effectively. Despite continuing calls urging to activate the role of school sports, but that there are weak in their application, and through access to the reality of some of the schools of the province of Baghdad and direct contact with teachers specialization athlete, who often complain of the lack of material and financial resources as well as the differentiation of other subjects and exploitation assigned to study the breeding of sport in complete curriculum times, which helped in the weakness of physical activity. It is therefore to be standing on the effectiveness of the physical education lesson and the availability of the necessary criteria to its success and the degree of applicability in AL Karakh education first and second schools of the province of Baghdad during the school year. It was developed a questionnaire to get to know the criteria on the degree of effectiveness of the application of physical education lesson and differences in degrees applied to schools of Baghdad's AL Karakh education first and second. The research sample was from the school of specialize in sports averages and junior high school identification of these districts. It was addressed to the group of the concepts of the effectiveness of physical education lesson and the role of school administrations in supporting them on according to the objectives of physical education lesson to be met, and the duties of the teacher in the activation of this lesson, and the obstacles that prevent it, as well as the use of previous studies that touched on the subject. To achieve the objectives of the study used a descriptive approach to suitability and the nature of the problem, select the study population was selected sample of which amounted to 123 teachers, spread over AL Karakh education first and second, according to the percentage-based (30%). Been developed questionnaire included (5) axes, and formulated a set of paragraphs function by (56) items and distributed them according to the views of accredited experts and the percentage of agreement on the validity of (80%) for the virtual sincerity, and the degree of stability through Cronbach's alpha equation, which amounted rate (0.946), a high percentage of expressing the stability of the paragraphs of the questionnaire the existence of consistency and accuracy in the tool. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample study in confined period between 24.03.2016 until 18.05.2016. And adopted the (spss) statistical Pouch in the treatment of the results. Questionnaire axes have shown (non-function) as the real moral of the larger (0.05), which indicates that the application of physical education lesson effectively. Moreover, there did not show significant differences between them, as the two parties based on the same rules and regulations and finances, which showed a lack of success of the effectiveness of the application optimally. The conclusions of the study show the weakness of orthodontic device and standards necessary for that, and the lack of possibilities available to activate it. The study recommended taking into consideration the views of beneficiaries on an ongoing basis to support and develop school sports, and the adoption of a dedicated their curricula like other subjects, proddingthe posts and integration with counterparts to improve relations and communication for the exchange of cultures and sports experiences on a regular basis