Journal of Physical Education

The aim of the research was to design functional strength exercise to develop some working muscles capacities as well as identifying the effects of functional strength exercises on working muscles. The researchers used the experimental method and the subjects were (6) youth gymnasts. The researchers conducted three pilot studies using EMG to catch Bluetooth signals to display them on a laptop and save them on Myo research program. The researchers conducted the experiments from 20/7/2016 –25/11/2015. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to come up with the results. The researchers concluded that functional strength exercises develop maximum muscular strength in youth gymnasts. The researcher recommended depending on functional strength exercises when training youth gymnasts and equipping training gyms with functional strength equipments due to their positive effect in developing physical and skillful performance

The importance of the study lies in using modern styles and apparatuses in training to develop the results of futsall teams. The problem of the research lies in weaknesses in training programs that do not meet the needs of players in physical fitness. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of training according to cross training style in some physical variables in futsall. The researchers used the experimental method; the subjects were youth futsall players. The researchersspecified the physical abilities (explosive power, power defined by speed, speed and speed endurance). The researchers' designed a training program. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to come up with the results. The researchers concluded that cross training develop some physical and motor abilities in youth futsall players

The importance of the study lies in using modern styles and apparatuses in training to develop the results of futsall teams. The problem of the research lies in weaknesses in training programs that do not meet the needs of players in physical fitness. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of training according to cross training style in some physical variables in futsall. The researchers used the experimental method; the subjects were youth futsall players. The researchers specified the physiological indicators (metabolic level before and after effort, maximum oxygen uptake and special oxygen endurance). The researchers\' designed a training program. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to come up with the results. The researchers concluded that cross training develop some physical and motor abilities and some physiological indicators in youth futsall players

The importance of the study to develop the performance of goalkeepers by using some of exercises which preparing by researcher.The problem of the study lies in developing goalkeeper's visual motor coordination don’t dependent on scientific basses to prepare exercises, therefore, the researcher prepare some exercises according to generalize the motor program and the levels of Skills to develop visual motor coordination which is important in goalkeeping.The study aims at preparing some exercises according to generalize the motor program and the levels of skills for football goalkeepers of ages 13 -15 years،and knowing the impact of the use of these exercises on developing the visual motor coordination for football goalkeepers.The researcher has used the experimental method. Two groups with two tests; pre test and post test are used. The researcher also made many procedures like specifying the subject of the study tools and apparatus of the study and specified the suitable tests for visual motor coordination in addition; he executed pilot study a pre-test, some exercises for the experimental group, and a post-test. After all that the research made suitable statistical treating.After treating data in suitable statistical means which obtained by researcher, He shows the results by using certain tables, The researcher also analyzes and discuss the data and gives the reasons which lead to these results in scientific way.Chapter five contains the conclusions that the researcher concluded after treating the data statistically to show the effect of using the exercises on developing visual motor coordination for football goalkeepers

Game and playing are considered on the means that adults use to teach children how to express themselves and their abilities. The aim of the research was to identify anxiety in children aged 4 –5 years old as well as designing a set of motor games to decrease anxiety in children and to identify the effect of these games on children's anxiety. The researcher hypothesized significant statistical differences between pre and posttests in the level of anxiety. The researchers used the experimental method; the subjects were preschoolers aged 4 –5 years old from Al Besma and Al Gophran Preschools. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to come up with the results. The researchers concluded that the program designed by the ministry of education as well as the program designed by the researchers have positive effects on decreasing anxiety in children aged 4 –5 years old. The results showed significant differences between posttest in favor of the experimental group. Finally the researcher recommended the necessity of including variable motor games and conducting anxiety tests on children as well as making similar studies on other variables

Recently new technique has been detected in scoring through biomechanics analysis of some of the free kicks from stability. It was the knuckleball kick that has become of great importance in games. Specifically in the scoring from stability as it is difficult for goalkeepers to hold off that kick and it is difficult to predict its path. Moreover, the performance of such as this kick needs to learn the technical performance and perfected through knowledge of the motor trajectory to those skilled. Through practice, the skill will reach perfection in performance. In remained technological advances in hardware and tools used in the sporting side, it was necessary to simulate this development with serve to the game of football. such as smart ball, Through it the development of players in the skill level of stability in the scoring direct free kicks or scoring without the wall as well knuckleball kick by giving an assessment of the performance information, As is the importance of research in learning the knuckleball kick skill according to the variables of speed and spin. The problem ofresearch sets in non-Iraqi players learn the skill of scoring knuckleball kick and in the importance of recognizing speed and spin variables of the ball for this kind of scoring stability.Therefore, it was a motivation for the researcher in study knuckleball kickfrom a bio -kinematic side, and use the technology in learning and evaluation this kick by smart ball. As the goal of research, include (preparation of special exercises to teach the skill of knuckleball kick as well as to identify speed and spinvariables for the ball and the effect of special exercises and the level of the player's performance). Moreover, the hypothesis of research is (there are significant differences between pre and post tests in speed and spin variables for the ball and the level of knuckleball kick skill from stability).The researcher used the experimental method design with one group of pretest and posttest. The sample were selected purposively and consisted of (3) players Football from Club Air Force sports for youth. The specific test for the knuckleball kick used for measuring the performance of the knuckleball kick level for the players. From Results the researcher conclude that there has evolved in speed and spin variables for the ball by increasing the speed and decreasing the spin. The researcher recommended the need for the use of smart ball in the learning and training of the stable free kicks of all kinds. Moreover, must be the private test of knuckleball kick in different distances

The problem of the research lies in the results of the Iraqi national fencing league that was very disappointing. The aims of the research were to identify motor response speed value and touch accuracy in the upper and lower parts of the fencer using epee as well as identifying the relationship between motor response speed and touches accuracy in youth fencers. The researchers used the descriptive method. The subjects were (10) epee fencers from youth Baghdad clubs. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical methods to come up with the results. The researchers concluded that there is no significant relationship between motor response speed of upper and lower parts of the body of youth epee fencers. The researchers recommend identifying the uniqueness of fencing as well as using proper training with youth fencers on both the lower and upper parts of the body

The problem of the study can be summed up in this question: What is the level of the organizational climate in Iraqi Olympic Sports Federations? The study aimed at identifying the dominant organizational climate in Olympic sports federations. The researcher has used the descriptive method conveniently. She also adopted an organizational climate measure to achieve the aims of the study. The subjects of the study therefore included members of the administrative body in the Iraqi Olympic Federations totaled (181) members in (22) Olympic Federations rating (100%) of the population of the study. Conducting the statistical treatment to the measure, the researcher found out a highly opened organizational climate in the views of the members of the administrative body of the Iraqi Olympic sports federations. In light of the conclusions, the researcher recommends the guardian of the Iraqi Olympic Sports Federation to identify a number of standards and technical foundations for the selection of the administrative bodiesthat can bring about change, creativity and innovation with high efficiency

The aim of the study was to identify the impact Of Tactical Learning in competitive Fencing on development of motor response speed of a Random stimulus And Sabre Fencer's Achievement. The researcher sued the experimental method on a subjects consisting of ten foil fencers ages (15 –17). The subjects were divided into two groups. The main conclusion is that tactical learning affects the development of motor response speed of a random stimuli and the level of Fencer Achievement. The researcher recommended the use of Tactical Learning during competitive duals

The problem of the research lies in the decline in numerical achievement of Iraqi runners especially 10000m runners during summer time (hot days) compared to their own achievements in other seasons during moderate temperature. The researcher conducted two tests each in a different temperature to find the effect of temperature on 10000m advance runners' achievement. The subjects were Iraqi champion 10000m runners. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical methods. The results showed the negative effect of high temperature during competitions on the 10000m runner's achievement. The researcher recommended conducting long distance running in Iraq during moderate temperature

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using differentiated instruction in learning breast stroke in sophomore female students of the college of physical education and sport sciences. The researchers used the experimental method on (28) female students of the academic year 2015 –2016. The teaching session consist of four weeks differentiated instruction in teaching breaststroke. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to come up with the results. The researchers concluded that using differentiated instruction teaching style lead to better learning of breaststroke. Finally the researchers recommended using updated teaching styles in order to teach learners using the best styles suitable for their individual needs

The importance of the research lies in using assisting aids for developing players physically especially explosive power and shooting skills in basketball. The problem of the research lies in not paying enough attention to the players\' physical preparation. The researchers used the experimental method. The subjects were (8) basketball players U18 from the national gifted center for basketball/Ministry of Youth and sport. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations to come up with the conclusions. The researchers concluded development in explosive power and some offensive skills in basketball. The researchers recommended using teaching aids in training to develop physical performance. Finally they recommended the necessity of paying attention to physical abilities training using training aids

The importance of the research lies in identifying the interrelationship between some kinematical variables between launch landing phases that are considered the most important phases on the uneven bars. The problem of the research lies in the great differences in landing variables among gymnasts like the height of flight and landing distance that affect the performance score. The aims of the research was to identify the vales of some kinematical variables of landing and launching phases on the uneven bars as well as identifying the interrelationships of these variables between launch and landing phases. The main experiment was conducted on 25/3/2016 in Qatar world cup championship 2016. The researchers used two cameras (120pix/sec). The data was collected and treated using proper statistical methods. The researchers concluded that there is a significant relationship between launch phase and landingphase variables in torque and launch angles and speed that play an important role in the amount of height and time of flight and landing distance that consequently affect the performance score

The importance of the research lies in analyzing and following up the level of human Iraqi table tennis federation members' performance. The problem of the research lies in answering the following question; is the financial and human resources administration qualified and efficient in achieving the aims of the federation?The researchers used the descriptive method. The subjects were (201). The data was collected and treated using proper statistical methods. The results showed the efficiency of the scale to measure human and financial resources administration level of the Iraqi table tennis federation. The results also showed that the level of administration is disappointing. The researchers recommended encouraging work and development through participation in courses and developmental conferences inside and outside Iraq. Finally they recommended dedicating good financial resource for workers in the federation

The aim of the research is to identify the RMR using (Fitmate Pro) for youth handball players as well as placing criteria for testing RMR metabolic level. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were 74 youth handball players from five clubs of the season 2016. The tests were conducted in the physiology lab in the college of physical education and sport sciences for women. The test was applied from 2/1/2016 –29/1/2016. The results were collected and treated using proper statistical methods using the SPSS. The researcher concluded that physiological apparatuses' results only are not enough for evaluating the athlete's condition unless standard levels for them. Standardizing the test led to the achievement of six standard levels for evaluating metabolic rate RMR for youth handball players using fitmate pro.

Basketball is one of the sports that depend onpower defined by speed endurance as a major physical ability component. The problem of the research lays defining tests for power defined by speed endurance levels in basketball players. The subjects of the research were (99) basketball players from (Baghdad, the south region, Middle Forat region) for the season 2015 –2016.The data for all (99) players was collected using proper statistical operations to come up with the results. The results showed that the test's procedures were standardized for power defined by speed endurance in youth basketball players. In addition to that, the researchers concluded that power defined by speed endurance tests were applied for the first time in Iraq for youth basketball players. Finally the criteria of power defined by speed endurance test results were specified and defined

The importance of the research lies in designing a group of axes to identify the degree of physical education lesson application effectively as well as the difference in application degrees between the 1stand 2ndKurk educational schools. The subjects of the research were physical educators of secondary and preparatory schools for boys. The researchers used the descriptive method on (123) physical educator. The questionnaire included 5 axis each ax consist of 56 item. The reliability of the questionnaire is 80% while reliability was 0.946 according to Fakurmbak formula. The questionnaire was distributed from 24/3/2016 till 18/5/2016. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The results showed significant statistical differences in not using physical education program effectively as well as no significant differences between controlling and experimental groups because both groups depend on the same regulations and rules. The researcher recommended taking the points of view of individuals to develop school sport as well as using standard programs in teaching physical education. Finally they recommended participating with other types of schools to develop cultural relationships and sport expertise periodically.

The importance of the research lies in the motor analysis of handspring on the vault to develop the level of scores in Iraqi Artistic gymnastics for men. The problem of the research lies in the lack of interest in using biomechanical standards in using exercises to develop the biomechanical variables of this skill. The aim of the research is to identify the differences in some biomechanical values of handspring (front summersault and Arabian summersault). The subjects were Iraqi national League of artistic gymnastics for men. The aim of the research is to use videotaping and biomechanical analysis to find the results. The researchers concluded that during the landing on the vault and flight phases the biomechanical variables are the same in both skills except in vertical distance, height and first flight time

The importance of the research lies distinguishing movement through biomechanical analysis. Vault is one of the apparatuses that is different than the other apparatuses in training and evaluation. The problem of the research lies in error in not permitted in on the vault a matter that affects the gymnasts score. On the other hand, there is a great development in new movements with high difficulty. The aim of the research is to come up with a predication formula of difficulty level on the vault. The subjects were Iraqi national gymnastics league. The researchers used videotaping and biomechanical analysis to come up with the results. The researchers concluded that vault touching phase biomechanical variables had the highest positive contribution percentage while first flight phase and landing phase on the mat in the handspring followed by front summersault have the highest contribution percent. Finally the researchers concluded a high significant prediction formula

Modern teaching trends have a great effect on the human mind and it motivates it to design learning programs that matches the need of the learning. The problem of the research lies in the lack of interest in modern teaching strategies. The aim of the research is to design a scale for measuring a cognitive achievement of some offensive basketball skills. The researcher designed a learning program according to constructive learning strategy. The researchers hypothesized statistical differences between pre andposttests. The researchers used the descriptive method and the experimental method. The subjects were (16) female first year students college of physical education for women. The subjects were divided into two groups experimental and controlling groups

The idea behind the study is to identify the variation in timing because of its importance in the training work to reach a high level of achievement. A survey style is used to identify the most important variables in the sport of fencing such as motor accuracy, reaction speed, agility, and anaerobic ability. Each of these variables has been exposed and explained. And in light of the results in chapter four, the researcher came out with several conclusions and addressed recommendations to serve the area of work in the sport of fencing:-There are significant differences in agility test at 1:00 p.m. (dorsal time) versus the two timings at 10:00 am (in the morning) and 4:00 p.m.(evening).No significant differences appear among the three timings in reaction speed andanaerobic abilitytests for sabers.In light of these conclusions, recommendations were set including:To focus on agility within dorsal time taking into account the possibility of developing this ability in the other two timings during the morning and the evening as well

The importance of research represented to find out the relationship between emotional excitement and performance skills of some of the esquash's fundamental skills for students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Science, the research problem has been identified by the researcher by the question: What is the relationship between the level of emotional excitement, and performance skills of the esquash students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Science – Baghdad University?, the researcher putted three goals focused to identifying the level of emotional excitement and the level of performance skills and the relationship between these two levels for esquash students, the researcher used the descriptive curriculum because the suitability with the research problem, the research community representedin the students of the third stage in College of Physical Education and Sport Science, the research sample Included (09) ninetystudents were chosen by random way (lottery) excluded (10) Ten students of them for their involvement in the exploratory experiment, the researcher used criterion (Dorthy F. Harris and Bette L Harris) to measure emotional excitement, and adopted the students' grades which given by esquash teacher as results of performance skills, the researcher concluded that there is an association correlation relationship between the moderate level of emotional excitement and the level of the performance skill and an inverse correlation relationship between the level of emotional excitement and very high level of performance skill, the researcher recommendto not to reprimand students who fail to performance skills because of the high level of emotional excitement but handle this level to scale downto moderate level.The importance of the research lies in identifying the relationship between emotional arousal and skill performance of some basic skill in squash for third year students. The problem of the research lies in answering the following question; what is the relationship between emotional arousal and skill performance in squash for third year physical education and sport sciences students? The aims of the research were identifying the level of emotional arousal, level of skill performance and the relationship between the two levels in third year students in squash class. The researcher usedthe descriptive method. The subjects were 90 students ten of them were excluded for pilot study. The researcher used Dorthy V. Harris scale and Bette L Harris for emotional arousal. The students' marks in squash were taken as measurement for skill performance. The researcher concluded a direct relationship between the level of emotional arousal and skill performance and there is an inverse relationship between the level of emotional arousal and skill performance. Finally the researcher recommended not discouraging students for bad skill performance because it will lead to emotional arousal

The problem of the research lies in the negative effects of not eating healthfoods that cause injuries along bad habits in standing, sitting and sedentary lifestyle. The importance of the research lies in studying nutritional supplements along rehabilitation exercises for lower back pain. The aim of the research was to identify the effect of these supplements along rehabilitation exercises in treating lower back pain. The researcher hypothesized positive differences in favor of posttests using supplements and rehabilitation exercises on lower back pain. The subjects were few peoplewith lower back pain aged 30 –45 years old. The experiment lasted from 2/5/2016 –4/7/2016 in Al Kindy General Hospital and Al Selam center for rehabilitation and therapy

Basketball is one of the sports that depend on aerobic training in general and on other types of training in particular. Speed endurance is one of the physical fitness components of a basketball player that he needs in performing defensive and offensive skill with high speed. The player needs a lot of time to prepare physically and skillfully to reach to a level that qualifies him to participate in basketball competitions.The subjects of the research were (99) basketball players from (Baghdad, the south region, Middle Forat region) for the season 2015 –2016. The data was collected using proper statistical operations to come up with the results. The results showed that the test's procedures were standardized for youth basketball players and speed endurance tests were applied for the first time in Iraq for youth basketball players. Finally the researcher concluded finding criteria for speed endurance tests

The importance of the study lies in using modern up dated techniques in teaching like mental alertness and its effect on the field of sport. The problem of the study was the lack of attention in university of Baghdad students as well as their inability to multi task. Most students seem distracted and rarely use previous experiences to solve new problems. The research aimed at identifying the level of mental alertness in active and inactive individuals in both humanities and scientific colleges in the University of Bagdad as well as comparing between active and inactive individuals according to gender and age as well as specialization. The researcher used the descriptive method. The subjects were (1200) college student both male and female. The researcher used mental alertness scale that consisted of 36 items divided on four fields. A pilot study was conducted on 20 students following by the main inventory. The data was collected and treated using proper statistical operations. The researchers concluded that all female students got the same level of mental alertness (good). In addition to that they concluded there are no differences in mental alertness in female college students in variables of age and gender which shows that mental alertness depends entirely on mental abilities. They finally recommended making studies on mental alertness and its relationship with psychological variables like physiological stability and so on, also making studies on levels of mental alertness on other samples