journal of kufa studies center

The research aims to identify the most important problems and obstacles facing the application of sustainability indicators to improve the performance of Iraqi companies listed on the Iraqi Stock Exchange (research sample) and to develop procedures that enable the examination of the process of improving performance in a way that will contribute to providing the entities dealing with companies (the research sample) with appropriate information and concluded that the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI )Through the economic and social axes, which provide objective criteria and indicators that can be adopted and adopted by companies and various sectors for the purpose of achieving an objective measurement of the level of their contribution to achieving sustainability.

Strategic planning is an important and essential stage of the administrative process as it represents the way of thinking, predicting the future, and the trade-off between types and methods of work. The importance of the research comes from the importance of the researched organization (Directorate of Volunteer Management / Iraqi Ministry of Interior) and its importance derives from the importance of its variables Total Quality Management and Strategic Planning. The main research problem lies in identifying the role of the application of Total Quality Management in the effectiveness of strategic planning.
The research aims to identify the relationship between total quality in improving the strategic planning pattern in the research organization and to know the effect of applying the principles of total quality management in improving the levels of strategic planning in the research organization .

A letter of guarantee is one of the most important forms of bank credit that banks provide to their customers.
The research aims to identify the role and importance of letters of guarantee in financing local private investment in Iraq based on the hypothesis that there is a positive role of letters of guarantee as a tool for trust credit in stimulating local private investment in Iraq, and the research includes three topics, the first topic: letters of guarantee and local private investment in terms of definition and importance, and the second topic is concerned with the analysis of letters of guarantee and local private investment in Iraq for the period (2004-2018)The third topic focuses on measuring the impact of letters of guarantee on local private investment in Iraq for the period (2004-2018) by adopting the standard method through the use of SPSS vr.20 software.

This study was concerned with the future directions of religious tourism services in the cities of Najaf and Kufa, and the indicators of green hotels (eco-friendly hotels), which amounted to (8) indicators, were applied to tourist hotels, and the development of tourist restaurant services and the services of travel and tourism companies, such as the preparation of tourism programs and the adoption of tourism promotion mechanisms that contribute to increasing the number of trips, and the study also dealt with the development of the external transport network through several axes, and the human components had their share within this research, as the focus was on the development of the external transport network. The capabilities of the workers in the tourism services in terms of wages, the type of work, the nationality of the workers, the experience and professionalism, as well as the workers in the field of tourist police (tourist security) as one of the important services that have direct contact with tourists.

Historical material has emerged in modern creative texts, especially in novels, as there are many novels that have taken their materials and events from the theater of history, to evoke the past and consolidate it in the memory of the people in a new language and a modern vision.
Some Arab novelists derived their creative material from history in order to deal with the current reality and the events of the era, so they began to search the historical memory to find a cognitive material and reformulate it by mixing history with beauty. In this research paper, we aim to reveal the extent of the artistic interaction between history and the modern Arab novel, and to identify the effectiveness of the historical material and its importance in the novel text and the way it is employed.

The article in the case of adversity is an integrated structure that consists of two basic pillars, namely form and content, and one cannot be separated from the other, and the first of them does not precede the other, nor vice versa, because they are two basic factors, each has its own importance, and the balance between them in creative works in general is the origin of the coherent structure. The openness of the structure of form and content in the types of articles he has, as well as the openness of the titles of the article to the reader that he sees as no less important than the previous two, and the openness of the language of the article to the reader in his eyes as well.

The research reviews an important aspect of dealing with the Sultan or what he represents in modern thought from the concept of the state, and it is important that the positions of the Imamiyya jurists are based in their theoretical and practical answers on legal evidence that is the basis in their dealings with this or that subject, which is that although they are subject to jurisprudence and deductions that may in terms of outcome intersect with each other, but the existence of a pattern of dealing at any level reveals in an inverse way in a way that reveals the effect of the cause This opens up an important opportunity for the researcher to consider these legislations and evidence in an attempt to adapt the different modes of dealing in this or that vocabulary, which fall within what can be circulated in the concept of the state in general.

The research of the sciences of the Qur'an is one of the noblest sciences and the first to establish and pronounce these sciences without dispute, and the master of the Qur'an and his family (peace be upon him) are credited with establishing these sciences, as they are the most knowledgeable people about the Book of Allah in interpretation and interpretation, and from this point of view, every researcher must find and strive in the study of these sciences and knowledge, and Allah Almighty has succeeded us in studying examples of the Qur'anic proverb in the narrations of al-Kafi, which is the goal that can be reached through these sciences For the purpose of Allah Almighty, this research included six demands, the first dealt with the proverb in language and terminology, the second dealt with the sections of proverbs in the Holy Qur'an, the third specialized in presenting some narrations, while the fourth included the objectives of the Qur'anic proverb, the fifth dealt with the sayings of the scholars of interpretation in the vocabulary of the novel, and the sixth requirement included the significance of the narration and what can be learned from it.

Al-Shehab magazine is one of the important Arab periodicals published in Algeria, and it carried with it the concerns of the Arab people throughout the Arab world, through its follow-up on the most prominent political issues in the Arab arena.
The research was divided into four topics and a conclusion, the first topic dealt with the Palestinian issue as a study of its causes and developments, the second topic will focus on the political developments in Egypt and the problems that accompanied them, the third topic discussed the most important political developments that took place in Syria during the period of occupation and the French Mandate for it, and the fourth topic discussed the political situation in Iraq between 1920 and 1936, and the researcher reached a set of conclusions for which the conclusion was the subject.

Universities are one of the most important institutions concerned with building human beings intellectually and culturally, providing them with knowledge and sciences, increasing their intellectual and creative abilities, as well as developing their talents and refining their personality, and thus they are an important source of civilizational progress by providing other institutions with qualified human resources equipped with the required skills in order to manage the various affairs of society.
The structure of the research consists of four main topics, the first dealt with the methodology of the study, the second dealt with the theoretical framework of the study, to identify the first variable (university image) and the second variable (customer loyalty), the third was dedicated to the practical aspect of the study through the presentation and analysis of the results, while the fourth topic was dedicated to presenting the most important conclusions reached and addressing some recommendations.

The research aims to shed light on the work of Al-Alusi in grammatical criticism in his interpretation entitled (The Spirit of Meanings in the Interpretation of the Noble Qur'an and the Seven Repetitions), because of the great importance of this interpretation among the people of knowledge, as it is a comprehensive example of the efforts of the previous exegetes and a reference for the later ones, because of its valuable scientific topics in various sciences, including the sciences of language and expression, which are indispensable for the interpreter in interrogating the Qur'anic text and memorizing its meanings.
The research came to introduce the words used by Al-Alusi in his grammatical criticism, as the definition of the words indicating rejection and the words indicating acceptance with examples of his words for each of the two sections to be an entrance and a key to the study of the effort exerted by Al-Alusi in grammatical criticism in his interpretation .

The importance of this research is due to the special uses of the grammatical unit (Kan) and some of its sisters, which have been traditionally used to express an incomplete past verb. The nature of the research required that it be divided into three topics, preceded by an introduction in which the research problem and the hypotheses of solving the problem were presented, as well as analysis techniques that reveal the grammatical meanings of these special Qur'anic uses, followed by a theoretical introduction showing the importance of the Musnad, and concluded with a conclusion in which the most important results of the research were presented, followed by a list of the names of sources and references, and the three topics are The first is the complete and incomplete uses of "was" in a specific time, the second is the uses of "was" in the sense of "was and still is", and the third is the uses of "was" in the sense of "was", which is told by fixed conditions.

Allah (swt) has not prescribed His rulings except for the sake of general wisdom, either to bring benefit to people or to ward off corruption from them, because the system of existence and creation is based on the cause, which is the interest that is lost from the legislation of reasoned ruling, because the rulings are subordinate to the interests and evils for which the ruling was legislated.
The research included three demands, namely the first is the schools of interpretation that reject the explanation of rulings, the second is the evidence of those who oppose the explanation, and the third is the schools of interpretation that go to explain the rulings. One of the results of the research was that the researcher concluded that the contemporary exegetes who made the revelation of the intentions of the verses and their explanations the origin and pillar of the exegetical process through his statement for the purpose of each sura, and thus they can be counted among the men of the school of interpretation of ijtihad, which relies on reason and consideration rather than on transmission and effect.

The research began with the emergence of objective interpretation, which is a theoretical approach to study the roles of the growth and development of objective interpretation, and to review these stages, and then to explain the importance and benefit of objective interpretation, so this research included two requirements:
The first requirement dealt with the emergence of objective interpretation, while the second required dealt with the importance of objective interpretation.
The researcher concluded that interpretation is of great importance, especially the objective interpretation, which has made a great contribution and has contributions to the interpreter himself, and to the interpretation, and even encroached on its shadow on the human society as a whole.

The subject of the exegetical narration is one of the very important topics, as it is explained in the Holy Qur' an, and on it the rulings and beliefs are adopted.
The research has been divided into four demands: the first requirement: the difference in the subject of the verse between the images of revelation and the vision of God on the Day of Resurrection, the second demand: the difference in the subject of the verse between the divine Imamate and the state of the scholars on the Day of Resurrection, and the third demand: the difference in the subject of the verse between the explanation of the nature of some human beings in this world and the condition of those who are obliged to perform Hajj and do not perform Hajj in the Hereafter, and the fourth demand: The difference in the subject of the verse between the Divine Imamate and the Oneness of Allah Almighty, and then a conclusion that included the most important findings of the research.

The Middle East region is a source of several internal conflicts that generate causes for the occurrence of internal crises in it and the escalation of conflict situations, whether at the regional or international level, due to many reasons. The research deals with a problem, which is what are the internal causes generated from within the Middle East region that work to exacerbate the conflict situations in the Middle East, and it is based on the hypothesis that there are several various causes that provoke conflicts in the Middle East, represented by several factors with an internal dimension. The historical approach, the systems analysis approach, and game theory were relied upon. The research was divided into an introduction, three demands, and a conclusion, the first of which represents totalitarian political systems, the second of racial and ethnic differences, and the third of which is the economic and social causes of conflicts.

Iran was dragged to participate in the first global war despite its declaration of neutrality and its unwillingness to be a party to the international conflict and the desire of the conflicting parties to do so due to its economic wealth and distinctive geographical location, which led to its feeling and governments drinking the bitterness of the war through its bitter results.
The research shed light on the Russian-British and German-Ottoman alliance and their impact on the conflict in Iran and its results, as well as official and popular positions on it, and a conclusion that indicates the most important results.

Shi'ism, especially in the era of Imam al-Baqir and al-Sadiq, was on its way to establishment and clarity as a doctrine and doctrine, and the Shi'a were distinguished by the nature of independence in their opinions from the Muslim public, and they formed an ideological thought that had its own character and distinction from others.
The life of Abu Khalid al-Kabli was an important stage in the history of the Imami Shi'a, as his translator lived an important era of the Imami era, represented by his contemporaneity with the lives of three Imams, namely Imam Ali ibn al-Husayn, Imam al-Baqir and Imam al-Sadiq, although there are many disagreements between hadith historians and men about his perception of the era of Imam al-Baqir and al-Sadiq, and similar complexities in his life journey, especially the novelist when searching for them in early sources.

This research represents an academic attempt to study the phenomenon of the destruction of books and its sectarian repercussions in the Abbasid era as the main goal of the research as one of the negative phenomena prevalent in the Abbasid era, which had serious effects on Islamic history and Islamic civilization, as it cost it the loss of the mothers of books and their preciousness .
The research aimed to provide a historical overview of the beginnings of this phenomenon and its depth in Islamic history, and to explain the nature of destruction, its definition and types, and to identify the causes and causes of the destruction, as well as to provide historical evidence for the Abbasid authority's use of the policy of destroying books as a weapon directed against sectarian and intellectual violators such as Shiites , heretics and Mu'tazilites .

The method presented by the Ash'ari heritage in collecting the Qur'an had a great impact on exposure to a number of Qur'anic topics whose origins are traced back to the performers of the collection of the Qur'an, such as readings, journalistic order, distortion, the source of the Qur'an and revelation, so the topic of Qur'an collection is almost one of the largest topics due to its presentation, the Qur'an has been challenged and the proportion of many accompanying materials to it have been collected.
The research topics were divided into three main topics, the first of which is the opinions and structures of those who said the plural in the days of the caliphs, the second is the inherent to the method of addition, and the third is the doubts raised by the plural and which resulted from his method.