The Medical Journal of Tikrit University

Background In the recent years, studies have centered on improving the health of individuals in sustainable ways. . The aim of this study to identify the relationship between sperm quality and BMI of adult males. Patients & Methods: For that reason, the study identified a group of men who had been visiting a health clinic and unable to conceive for a period of one year, after consistent unprotected intercourse with their female partners. Relatively, the semen was collected from a total of 115 participants who were requested to abstain from sex for three days. A trained staff explained the assumptions and the intentions of the study to the participants who then, provided a written consent for using their samples. In this process, biased information was eliminated by not indicating their origin. The study is not the first one in had been done and still in the process The Results: After examination of the healthcare, but there are several others that to clarify the fundaments under the topic. samples, the study identified that there is a
negative correlation between BMI and sperm quality. The parameters that were used to determine sperm quality included sperm concentration, determining the type of motility and sperm count. From the results of the study, it was established that overweight and obese men had higher chances of having low sperm quality compared to the underweight and normal men. In the discussion part, the study had varied strengths including the use of men from different BMI and consistency in the examination process in the laboratory. Also, some scientific studies support the results of the study, especially in the release of sex hormones. Despite the findings, researchers are recommended to be cautious in explaining the results since they are subjective to errors considering that the female counterparts were not examined of their fertility condition.

Background Thyroid hormones are necessary for growth and development of the kidney and for the maintenance of water and electrolyte homeostasis. The effects of hypothyroidism on the kidney are usually opposite to the effects of hyperthyroidism. Patients and Methods: Serum samples were collected from 120 individuals, 50 of these individuals were normal and 70 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients that aged from (18-60) year with no personal history of Hypertensive. Thyroid diseases or Diabetes Mellitus. Serum samples were collected from renal failure patients that admitted to dialysis unit of Tikrit Teaching Hospital from August 2012 to January 2013. The Results :Blood urea, S.Creatinine, S.TSH, S.Cortisol, Potassium and Chloride were increased in CRF. while T3. T4 and Sodium were decreased rather than control. Conclusions: These findings suggest the presence of intrathyroidal and pituitary disturbances associated with uremia.

ABSTRACT: Background: (Intrauterine contraceptive Device) are contraceptive method that is safe, reversible and effective contraception, in the world more than 100 million female used the device. Mm : to detect the knowledge of Family physicians in Mosul related to the harmful effect and contraindications to use intrauterine device and what these knowledge compared with clinical guidelines. Patients and Methods :This study was conducted in Mosul city included all Family physicians ,using a cross sectional study design from the 1st of June to the 1st of September 2017 .94 Family physicians included in the study ,standardized questionnaire form was used including: years in practice .sex, and age also take information from family physician's about prescriptions or insertions of device . the following part of the questionnaire. asked Family physicians about detecting minor and major complications of intrauterine contraceptive device . In the third part: Family physicians were asked to recommend (copper intrauterine contraceptive device, marina ,none)as an option in 15 situations. Results : overall there were 63% were females physicians and the rest were males. About 38.8% of respondents used to prescribe intrauterine device,40% inserted them. female doctors were more likely than male doctor to use (56% vs. 9%)and insert Intrauterine devices (61% vs. 3%),about 38% of respondents were interested in Intrauterine device course. More than 60% of respondents ranked Pelvic inflammatory disease &perforation as a major risk of Intrauterine device .About 72.2% thought thrown was a major risk of failure of Intrauterine device. Regarding the indications of Intrauterine devices, lots of participant not recommend device to female with no children women 65.5% and for patient with fibroid(63')/0). For postcoital contraception(46%)not recommend Intrauterine device. Conclusion :the study revealed family physician misconception of intrauterine contraceptive device like relation of device with perforation of uterus .pregnancy outside uterus .and pelvic inflammatory disease .result of study advice to educate family physician in programmed of training. Another researches needed to increase family physician awareness about intrauterine contraceptive device

ABSTRACT: Background The low levels of testosterone in men have been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes, visceral adiposity, dyslipid-aemia and metabolic syndrome. The effect of 4 testosterone treatment had been investigated on insulin resistance and glycemic control in men with type 2 diabetes.Aim : To investigate the relationship between insulin sensitivity and testosterone level. Patients & Methods: This was study include 50 diabetic men treated with age (35- 7.= 65years) with type 2 diabetes attended the out-patients clinic/medicine department in Tikrit Teaching Hospital. This study was carried out from November 2012 up to May 2013. Patients history were taken and their concomitant medications, Physical examination and laboratory investigations done before and after testosterone therapy (injectionioral root) for
44 3 months. Results :The present study revealed that (68%) were obese and increase waist circumference t- in (96%)with significant increase in Glycated hemoglobin in obese groups. hyperinsulinaemia in (28%) and low testosterone level in (60%). Although, hyper cholesterolemia present more than half but not reach to statistical significant level while . significant increase triglyceride level especially in obese patients .About lipoprotein types showed significant reduction in HM, and increase In LDL but not for VLDL. Regarding electrolytes level, we found that (Ca),(P) levels appeared within the normal levels, while j. other electrolytes (Mg,K,Na), the majority of cases are within the normal levels. Patients 74 were treated with i.m. testosterone 200 mg every 3 weeks or oral root for 3 months. Follow I up study with testosterone therapy, the primary outcomes was significant decrease in glycated hemoglobin with no corresponding reduction in insulin level, while significant increase in testosterone level.However, a significant reduction in visceral adiposity as fl assessed by waist circumference, with significant reduction in weight and BM1 . With s.: respect to total cholesterol, was reduced in(76%),after testosterone therapy, but statistical analysis not significant. According to triglyceride level, after testosterone therapy,there was significant reduction as compare with it before treatment.There was no significant change in HDL and LDL, while significant reduction present in VLDL.With respect to electrolytes -4 there was significant change except Ca.

ABSTRACT: Background : The transition from breast feeding exclusively to use of family foods completely is very vulnerable period of the time when many infants become malnourished, contributing significantly to the high prevalence of malnutrition in children under 5 years of age worldwide. Aim: This study aims to assess the local weaning practices of a group of children in Mosul &if s association with socio-demographic factors &nutritional status of children -Patients& Method: To achieve the aim of the present study a cross-sectional design was adopted. The unit of present study was a mother who came to the primary health centers for routine vaccination of any of her children. The chosen mothers were included by systemic sampling technique in which every third mother had been taken. All children of the selected mother who were 2-24 months of age were included in the interview, through visiting the primary health centers in Mosul four time per week . Results: Complementary food introduction was done before 4 months of age 26%&ortly 15.3%were weaned after 7months of age' Weaning practices were categorized into bad, moderate &good level according self-administrated scores for each recommended practices for infant feeding& weaning. Accordingly the present study show that about 65% of the sample were using bad &moderate levels of practices& the rest had good level. This study revealed that low maternal education & high parity having 4 children or more & low socioeconomic state of family associated with using bad practices (C.1= 3.27-12.23;P<0.001), while employment of mothers associated with using good weaning practices(C.1.27-0.78;P<0.01. Conclusions: Complementary food introduction was done before 4 months of age 26%&only 15.3%were weaned after 7months of age &19.6% of infants were exclusively breast fed. The study show that early weaning <4 month was associated with diarrhea, otitis media & food allergy, but had no relation with underweight while, weaning after 7 months of age significantly associated with underweight.

Background Meningococcal vaccine refers to any of the vaccines are used to prevent infection by Neisseria meningitidis. Patients & Methods: The present study was carried out from 15th of January 2018 to 15th of June 2018. The number of previously vaccinated for N. meningitidis individuals under study was 68 displaced individuals whose ages were between 5-60 years old. These individuals were living in Laylan refugee camps. The control group who were matched to the patients studied, included 22 blood donors. The blood was collected from each individual enrolled in this study for estimation of
anti-meningococcal group ACWY antibodies (IgG, IgM and IgA) level by ELISA
technique. The Results: The study showed that the mean of anti-meningococcal IgA-Abs in previously vaccinated persons (0.116 pg/m1), which was higher than that of the control group (0.014 pg/mI), the highest mean of anti-meningococcal IgM-Abs was occurred in previously vaccinated persons (0.2962 II.J/m1) comparing with the control group (0.0064 and the highest rate of IgG positive result was (5.88%) present in previously vaccinated persons comparing with the control. The study showed that there was no significant relation of anti-meningococcal antibodies with sex and the highest mean level of anti-meningococcal IgM was recorded among males. This study showed that there was no significant relation of anti-meningococcal antibodies with age and the highest mean level of anti-meningococcal IgA was recorded among the age group 5-16 years. The study showed that the highest mean level of anti-meningococcal IgA, 1gM and IgG antibodies were observed among the group of 1-2 months after vaccination (0.1341, 0.3089 and 0.0483 pg/m1 respectively).

Background: Proper feeding practices of children less than 2 years of age is important as it is the most critical period of life for optimal growth and development . Aim: This study aimed to use the newly developed World Health Organization (WHO) infant feeding indicators published in 2008, to assess determinants of complementary feeding practice in children 6-23 months of age in Mosul city, Iraq in 2013 . Patients and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in six primary health care (PHC) centers in Mosul city during 3 months period from llth of February to 1 lth of May 2013. The study sample consisted of 420 healthy children, aged 6-23 months who attended (P1-IC) centers for immunization The questionnaires data were based on the consent mother's recall of foods given to her child in the. 24 hours before the interview. Inquiry also included the sample demographic characteristics. Children's anthropometric measurements were assessed according to standard techniques. Results: Minimum dietary diversity rate was 45.5 %, minimum meal frequency 79.1% and minimum acceptable diet 40.7%. Determinant of inadequate minimum dietary diversity were: Children aged 6.11 months 1[}1 41.000, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 6.281 first born children (P 4,1.019, AOR =2.46) and monthly income per capita < 100.000 Iraqi Dinars (ID) (P= 0.002. AOR = 3.27 for < 50,000 ID; P= 0.010, AOR = 2.35 for 50,000 -100,000 ID). Determinant of inadequate minimum meal frequency were: Stunting (P = 0.015, AOR= 3.01) and monthly income per capita of 50,000 - 100,000 ID (P = 0.009. AOR = 4.41). Determinants of inadequate minimum acceptable diet included: Children aged 6-11 months (P = 0.000, AOR = 6.50), preceding birth intervals of 12-24 months duration (P = 0.008, AOR =2.58) and monthly income per capita < 100,0001D (P= 0.005, AOR = 3.12 for < 50,000 ID; P= 0.008, AOR = 2.48 for 50.000 - 100,000 ID). Breast milk feeding type (P = 0.001, AOR=0.25) displayed protection against inappropriate minimum acceptable diet achievement. Conclusions: The measured minimum dietary diversity and minimum acceptable diet attainment are not at satisfactory levels among studied children in Mosul city. Attention should focus on aforementioned determinants of inadequate infants feeding practices to prevent their subsequent negative influence on growth parameters .

Background The proliferation of glands of irregular size and shape with an increase in stromai glands ratio is defined as endometrial hyperplasia. Most of the cases is thought to be the result of persistent prolong estrogen • stimulation. The aim was to determine the number of women with • endometrial hyperplasia in Salahuddin province during the period (2003-x 771 2013), and to identify a number of factors associated with increase ;;. incidence of endometrial hyperplasia.. • Patients & Methods: The study included 319 cases with endometrial hyperplasia and abnormal uterine bleeding. patients ages ranged (15-66 years and over). Sample collection and patients information were made • through a survey of all available information in the hospital records in rt Tikrit Teaching Hospital during September 2013 to the end of February • 2014. A questionnaire for data collection was prepared also. During the ▪ above time, information, about 50 new cases were also collected from • hospital and some private clinics and laboratories. 2 I, The Results: The highest age groups with endometrial hyperplasia were • the age group (36-45) with a percentage of 28.2%. Women in the city were more prone to endometrial hyperplasia than country side women by 57.1%. • High percentage of bleeding time was observed to be 20 days.

Background Rickets is a condition associated with bone-deformity due to inadequate mineralization in growing bones. rickets of prematurity is a well-'t known condition that predisposes to pathological fractures in . This study aims at identifying the prevalence of rickets in preterm and term babies z ,study the risk factor of the disease as age ,sex type of feeding and biochemical and radiological changes_ Patients & Methods: A case control study done on 200 case with different ages from I moth to 3 years were taken 50 cases of them were preterm babies and 150 twere term babies, Patients were studied by history (sex ,age, type of feeding ,residence and clinical feature)and investigation (serum Ca ,ph and alkaline phosphatase) and diagnosis depend on radiological feature. The Results: About 19 cases (38%) of preterm babies were diagnosed as rickets of 4 prematurity ,15 cases(10%)were ricketic in term babies Residence were not risk factor in preterm but risk factor in term babies Breast feeding was risk factor in
2" both term and preterm babies . Most common age was between 2 and 12 months in re- p term babies . Serum level of calcium was normal in the majority of the cases in both term and preterm babies , serum phosphorus level was low in most of the cases specially in preterm babies Alkaline phosphatase elevated in 90% of cases diagnosed as rickets . iv Conclusions: The rickets is an important disease to be studied in this country account about nearly half of cases of preterm babies and about 10% of term babies .Breast feeding is a risk factor of the disease ,Alkaline phosphatase activity I and radiological feature are important for screening