Journal of Physical Education

The physiological and biological changes that recur in her body almost every month through a complete cycle called “Menstrual cycle” so that the efforts of their obligations during the competition period will be full of negative impacts whether it was Functional or psychological or organic aspects, this is due to the different rate of the discharge of female hormones during the period, competitive atmosphere may play an important role and here is the importance of the research which is A comparative study for some phases of the menstrual cycle hormones and its relationship to performance of the female shooters of air guns. The research problem is to identify the rates of secretion of estrogen and progesterone, and secretion rates during phases of the menstrual cycle. The aim of the study: 1- A comparative study of achievement in each of the formative phase and endocrine for female shooters of air guns. 2- Identify the relationship between some phases of the menstrual cycle hormones and achievement. The researcher chooses (8) female shooters specialized in (air gun- air pistol), They represent the original community 100%, the shooters period date was nearly so that two players were ruled out then the sample number became six shooters. The researcher chose the sample of players in the same month of their period and the date of their training camping, which is the time before the competition. These camps present real competition where the shooters were involved, then they have a blood test to identify the rates of the two hormones estrogen and progesterone during two phases of the menstrual cycle, they are formative and endocrine phase, after their entry in the achievement test. The researcher concluded: Different level of achievement in each of the formative and endocrine phase depending on the levels of estrogen and progesterone The researcher recommends that: The importance of focusing on physiological and biological aspects concerning the sport woman, In the forefront of the aspects concerning the levels of female hormones and follow-up through the stages of training

The study aimed to: Identify the impact of the difference in the temperature of the environment in an aerobic capacity for students of the physical education college. The researcher used the descriptive survey manner for the purpose of achieving the goal of the study, the research sample was selected research community deliberate They are students of the college of Physical Education - University of Baghdad, as the number of members of the research sample (60) students from the three stages (first - second - third), were tested at a temperature (16-20) and then re-test their degree (36-40) as well as the experience of the exploratory. The researcher used the bag statistical system (SPSS) The researcher concluded the following: 1. For students of Physical Education physical performance at low temperatures is more efficient than high temperatures. 2. increase in the rate of aerobic capacity during low temperatures than in high temperature Key words: temperature, aerobic capacity, performance physical, Environment

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness spick and serve skills performance skills according to a computer-based analytical of Iraqi volleyball team players which participating in the Arab Volleyball Championship that held in Bahrain for the period from 4/11/012 to 11/14/2012. 1. The objectives of the research was to design a program to analysis spick and serve skills performance. 2. Analysis the effectiveness of skills performance of Iraqi national team. The researcher used analysis program adopted by the International Federation of Volleyball after it was adapted to suit the aims of the research by modifying program interfaces for the purpose of evaluation of skills, especially spick skill from areas 2&4 and the player in position 3 and after agreement with staff training in order to develop the level of performance of the players and point out the positive and negative aspects in team performance to overcome the negatives and enhance the positive aspects

The research aims to: building a physical test battery for selecting soccer goalkeepers for ages(14-16)years, the researcher used the descriptive survey manner to reach a solution to the problem of research. Research community comprised of (66)soccer goalkeepers for ages(14-16)years and they was as follows(10)goalkeepers to the experiment exploratory (56) goalkeepers to the building and (46)goalkeepers to the standardizing. in order to obtain data ang information on the subject of research, interviews with experts and specialists, quastionnaires and tests and measurement. To find a solution to the problem of research, researcher used statistical means the following: the relative importance, percentage percent, mean, standard deviation, median, coefficient of skewness, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), T-Test for correlated samples(independent), factor analysis, amended standard degree(the relay way) the data were statistically treated using the statistical pack (SPPS). From the results it has been reached the researched the researcher found: Firstly: factor analysis uing orthogonal rotation, which was conducted on 12 variables representing special tests of physical capacity for soccer goalkeepers and that showed (4) variables were accepted(3) of them in light of the condition for the acceptance factors and factors were accepted are: 1. reaction(first factor) 2. flexibility(second factor) 3. explosive power of the arms(third factor) Secondly: the physical abilities test battery was extracted for soccer goalkeeper for ages (14-16) years in order of its paraments learned which represent the highest saturation on their factors units, and following: 1. nelson test in two directions for reaction. 2. bend the trunk forwarddown from the sitting position test. 3. throwing a medical ball weighing 1 kg test, in one hand from standing to far away as possible. The recommendations are: adoption test battery obtained and used the tests to benefit from them in the selection of soccer goalkeepers for (14-16) years, and make a similar studies in aspects that were not in this study like skills, psychological, functional and physical measurements

Handball is a team sport and be one of fast games in passing or shooting. The team with most goals is the winner. The aim of the sport is to throw the ball in the opponent team goal. There are many skills in handball like catching, passing, dribbling, and shooting is the important skill because if not score all skills not benefits. The aim of this research is to know the difference between shooting by jumping on the corner by leg (weak, strongly) in handball. Also to know the relationships between jumping shooting on corner by leg (weak, strongly) with force and accuracy shooting in handball to fist class plyers on Iraq. The hypotheses of the research that there is deference Statistical between jumping shooting on corner by leg (weak, strongly) also there is many relationships between jump shooting on corner by weak leg with accuracy shooting in handball. The main conclusion that Achieveall The Hypotheses of this Research and all the players Adoption strongly legs to shooting nor adoption many substitute way to jump shooting like weak legs to feak the opponents in defensive that lead the teams not scorer many goals in match

The first chapter included the interlocution and the importance of the research. The importance lies in close range shots in the penalty area as well as the ability to concentrate attention in performing the skill. The problem of the study, the hypotheses and the aims are all discussed in this chapter. Chapter two included theoretical studies including the concept of attention, shooting skill in soccer, close range shots in penalty area, etc. Chapter three tackled the field procedures including using the experimental method, the selection of the subjects, tests used, etc. Chapter four displayed, discussed and analyzed the results that the researchers came up with in relation to identifying the effect of special exercises and concentrating attention to develop the accuracy of shooting in the penalty area. Chapter five included the conclusions and recommendations. The most important conclusion was that there is a development in the level of performance that came as a result of developing the results of shooting accuracy

The study aimed to identify the impact of the use of an Assistant Device (the device consists of two ropes. Each rope is 4 meters length. They are tied with safety belt around the student waist in order to learn the leap skill of the small background of parallel device for women. The researcher used the experimental method on a sample of students in the second stage in the college of Physical Education / Baghdad University for the study year 2013 – 2014. It has been randomly selected class H and choose 24 student through the method of lots. After excluding failed students and due to many absences, the total number for the final sample had become (20 students). The sample divided into two groups (the control group (10) students and the experimental group (10) students). The application method took (6) weeks at a rate of two educational units in two days (Tuesday and Thursday) a week and this is the number of units which are planned for the second phase of learning. The educational unit per time was (60 minutes) for both groups. The researcher adopted the vocabulary of education set by the supervisor to teach this skill to the two groups. The Assistant Device had been added to the method vocabulary of the members of the research sample. The researcher concluded that the effectiveness of the using the Assistant Device to learn the leap skill on parallel device with various heights. The researcher recommend the necessity to use the assistant device when teaching the leap skill on a parallel device with different heights and to be aware of the importance of the diversity of methods and the educational assistance tools that will help in learning the skills better and in correct way and its important role in the teaching process for the use of the right tool at the appropriate time and circumstances to keep students away from boredom situation during learning

The first Chapter included the introduction and the importance of research, as the sport injuries during the preparation and competitions - Stages, which is one of the most important problems that cause low level for the athletics, from these Injuries is the ankle joint injuries that occur to Soccer - players for Outdoor and Indoor Stadium. The aim of the research is to identify the proportion of ankle joint injuries and what are the reasons and the relationship between these Injuries for Outdoor and Indoor Stadium Soccer – players. It consisted (50) of the injured player. Chapter three contains the style of descriptive approach. In Chapter four the data was statistically significant treatment and reach the results of the research

The study aimed to identify the impact of use tow styles in left and right hand's coach in individual lesson on motor response time and achievement (hits rate) for foil fencers. experimental method has been used to carry out research on a subjects consisting of eight foil fencers ages (14 – 15), distributed into two groups. the main conclusions is the individual lesson by left or right hand developed the motor response time for two groups, and developed the hits rate against a left hand fencer for the experimental group. The recommendation indicate to use a left hand in individual lesson in addition to right hand

The study has divided into 5 five chapters, which included the introduction and the importance of the study as it its embodied in showing the importance of the game and give more attention to those players when they need more support (special needs players).the argument of the study was ;there was a lots of unsuccessful chest pass among players and if used as it would be more achievement if performed with power and speed as well as accuracy. Therefore, the researcher has conducted the reason of uncompleted chest pass due to the lack of explosive power of the players arms which causing the unsuccessful performance. The argument of the study is to answer this question, does the uncompleted chest pass among the players due to the lack of explosive power of the arms? or there are other reasons? In other words, is there a relationship between explosive power and speed, accuracy of the chest pass of basketball players on the wheelchair? The purpose of the study was, to discover the relationship between the variables that mentioned earlier. For Para Olympics team of Kurdistan in Erbil City. In order to test the hypotheses. the researchers has assumed that ,there is a significant differences correlation between the explosive power of arms and the speed, accuracy of chest pass of basketball players on the wheelchair of Para Olympic team of Kurdistan in Kurdistan in Erbil city. The second chapter of the study contained the literature reviews which included the following, the type of strength and speed, as well as the selected skills that related to the study in Basketball. Chapter three was devoted for the research method which was the descriptive method. the sample of the study was selected deliberately. Fifteen players has selected of the para-Olympic Kurdistan team in Erbil. the tests has been selected on the basketball experts, those tests were nominated by them on the base of (75%) acceptance of the selected tests. The pilot study was applied on 8 eight players in all classification of medical aspects that categorized from (1, 5, 4). Then the main study was applied on 15 players of the sample which represents 100%.after that spss was used for statistical procedures which included the mean. Chapter four was devoted to the results and discussion which showed in tables. (Mean, SD, Correlation) of the score of pushing the heavy ball and the test of speed, accuracy of chest ball. The final chapter (chapter five), was devoted to the conclusions and recommendation -there is a significant relationship between explosive power and speed- accuracy in chest pass. And according to the research results, the researcher has recommended: The necessary of developing of explosive power of arms and conduct researches about the relationship between fitness and basic skills of basketball on the wheel chair normal people. as similar to healthy

The research aims to identify the relationship between the motor intelligence and motor growth of preschool children. Researcher assumed there is a significant association between motor intelligence and motor growth of preschool children. And used the theoretical studies and materials under study and has been used the descriptive approach in a manner of relations being it fits the nature of the research. And was selected sample of primer children from Balla kindergarten in Erbil province of the year 2014 - 2015 ages (5-6 years) were chosen intentionally as numbered (26) boys and girls and (12) child were excluded because the study was limited to male children and thus the final sample reached (14) child. Data has been processed statistically by using statistical package (SPSS). and Atantjt researcher Mayati: 1. The lack of significant correlation between motor development choices and choose drop the ball with the exception of choice (soft ball throw). 2. The lack of a significant correlation between motor development choices and choose lapping around the circle with the exception of the selection (running 20 m). 3. The absence of a significant correlation between motor development choices and select the sound and movement with the exception of the selection (the man right). One of the main recommendations: 1. Conduct a study similar to the female and the present study compared the results. 2. The need to focus on the sensory receptors to preschool because of its significant role in the dynamic development of intelligence. 3. The need for attention to the Games motor in pre-school, which contribute to raising the mental and motor efficiency for the kids

The use of training aids that force athlete to break the usual pattern when it moves the application of the maximum speed and explosive power and fast things became effective training in influencing the development of speed in the final steps of the players, the long jump. So she wanted a researcher to develop this speed using ropes rubber towards the movement to strengthen the tracks motor during the performance of the final steps to get closer and upgrading, which is one of the most important problems of these competitions with the integration of mechanical performance, particularly during the last steps and upgrading and thus achieve the feat good associated with this development. The goal of the research is to identify some of the biomechanical variables and recent steps to improve the long-Jump youth. Preparation and special training in using ropes rubber positive direction of the movement for the development of biomechanical variables special steps recent upgrading and achievement. And applied research on a sample of Athby the long jump at 12, was filmed sample during the recent steps and approach to extract the variables speed approaching and cruising speed and change the momentum for takeoff and achievement after being hit by the group to exercise science by using rubber cords according to the paths body parts during the performance, and the results Find that evolved approach speed and cruising speed - change momentum during the upgrading and development of achievement clearly

Autism terms of growth ,usually appear during the first three years of a child's life, which is caused by a disorder of the nervous system which affects the brain functions, and increased incidence among boys than girls by 4-1, this disorder is associated with any ethnic factors, or social, where it is proved that the person's race or social class or educational or financial situation of any family relationship injury autism, the aim of the study: Number of physical exercises for a group of children who suffer from autism program. - Use diet program for a group of children who suffer from autism. - Use the program of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to a group of children who suffer from autism. To identify the differences between tribal tests and a posteriori the research sample. To identify the differences between the three programs designed experimental groups. Was used experimental method for suitability to the nature of the research, was used behavioral disorders scale, The researcher using three programs, namely, (motor program - diet - oxygen therapy) and conducted a comparative study between the three programs were conclusions are that the three programs have been successful in reducing behavioral disorders the research sample, but to varying degrees, where the best results for the treatment of diet programs , kinetic therapy, and then oxygen therapy

Eating several specialists, researchers term fitness for the development of some motor skills of what falls under this term many qualities and physical and motor abilities. Given the importance of muscular strength in the various events and sporting activities through the use of resistors in a scientific and thoughtful to see the impact of some motor skills, but there are opinions launches caveats of using exercises muscle strength at the stage of age groups of cubs on it may cause adverse effects in the device structural (musculoskeletal). research objectives lies to prepare muscle strength exercises to develop the absolute power of the two men to the Cubs football players

This study aimed to develop speed and agility to find their effect on performance. the research proposed a set of exercises to accomplish his aim. the study hypothesized that there are a statistical effect of proposed exercises on skill executions. subjects were (13) players ages under 16 years. the represented the national center of basketball. subjects were tested in speed, accuracy, manover dribbling and recovery, after (18) sections of training. subjects were retest in the same tests under the same conditions. Results showed that the proposed exercises have statistical effect on those skills. the study recommended using these exercises to develop basic skills in basketball

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of assisting apparatuses for the trampoline and springboard on the development of earning the skill of forward handspring on the vault. The researcher used the experimental method The subjects were (10) young elite gymnasts of the ages (9 10) years. They were divided into two equal randomly groups: experimental and controlling groups. Twenty four training sessions were applied on them with three training sessions week. per Each session lasted for (30-35) minute on the vault The assisting apparatus were used only by the experimental group as well as using the springboard. The controlling group, on the other hand, only used the springboard. The results showed that the experimental group was better than the controlling group in developing and mastering the skill. In addition to that assisting aids helped in developing skill of handspring by giving the gymnasts exercises the specific for the parts of this skill

For each sport activity, there is especial physical, kinetic, and mental abilities which differ from other activities and agree with the nature and rules of each game. Volleyball is one of these activities being unique in its physical, skillful or planned sides. As in almost all teams, each player has his own role in the game that helps in reaching high levels. Unique training is one of the basics in training as a whole. Hence, personal qualities should be taken into consideration in training volley players. Although coaches look for the uniqueness of each player in training, they do not have developed devices in measurements and diagnosis providing accurate data about the players' kinetic abilities. Actually, they depend on usual devices for measurement and diagnosis which are usually inaccurate and are somehow far from the recent scientific and technological devices which are followed in most modern countries. The development occurs in volleyball regarding its planning sides makes it urgent to look for specialty in performance. Each player has to be specialized in his own area due to his skillful, physical, kinetic, or mental abilities. The problem of the research concentrates on identifying the differences in kinetic abilities among players according to their places to help coaches make the training more unique and accurate especially in deciding the training curricula. The aim of the research is to identify the differences in the level of some kinetic abilities among volleyball players according to their places. The research hypothesizes that there are differences in the kinetic abilities among volleyball players provided with statistic designation. The descriptive style has been used being suitablefor this kind of researches. The corpora of the research are taken from the volleyball players of the professional league numbered (140) players. (56) players from (Gas Al-Ganoob, Al-Bahri, Al-Shurta, and Al-Sina'a) represent the data of the research which lasts from 2-2-2014 to 16-6-2014. The researchers have reached to the following: there are somehow differences in the level of kinetic abilities of the volleyball players. Thus, it is recommended that giving the coaches sufficient time in their exercises lessons is necessary in the process of training the kinetic abilities according to the specialty

The Judo sport developed widely specially in last years because of using sport science in proper methods, emerged the importance of research in the use of exercise private and semi-competition to develop some throwing skills to stand (Tachi-waza), which is one of the more wrestling skills Judo used to weigh (60-66) kg especially in their own competitions in this play, is the research problem in the lack of the use of coaches to exercise private and semi-competition running on the performance skills of skills under development, causing a state of lack of direct targeting of exercises designed for those skills properly and according to skill performance requirements, so has the goal of research is to preparation of private and semi-competition exercises to develop some of the skills of throwing stand (Tachi-waza) for young judo wrestlers. The researcher used two system (pilot, officer) dependent appropriate experimental method in such kind of research. The researcher choose the sample of young judo wrestlers ages (18-21 years) of some clubs Baghdad province of b (20) Club then chose researcher intentional way of them (16) judo wrestler representing clubs (police, youth and future) by (8) Judo wrestlers from all four of the weight of each club (60-66) kg the most important conclusions were that there were significant differences in all skill tests, and has been recommending the use of private and semi-competitive exercise in the development of the skills used in the search

The study aimed to: identify the impact of a computer to learn the skill of rolling football. The researcher used the experimental method on the research sample of elected breeding Anbar football average composed of 16 players divided into two groups, a control group and the experimental group used the experimental group computer as an aid to learning the skill of rolling football, while the control group used the approach to learning and achieve Researcher to outweigh the experimental group on the control group in learning the skill of rolling football as the use of computers has increased the desire of students and enforced toward learning