journal of kufa studies center

The process of economic development requires long-term capital, and Islamic financial institutions cannot finance medium- and long-term investments due to the lack of available balances, the best solution to support and achieve economic development in Islamic countries is by mobilizing savings from those with a financing surplus, and directing them to those with financing deficits to convert them into various investments and productive and vital projects that contribute to the economic development process. The researcher has adopted the method of descriptive, inductive and historical analysis when addressing the role of Islamic financial institutions in achieving economic development.
The research is divided into an introduction and two topics, the first includes (the role of Islamic banks in economic development) and the second topic includes (the role of Islamic financial markets in economic development).

The research aims to identify the extent to which the time series model can be used in analyzing the trading volume of the shares of the industrial sector companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange, which helps investors to know the changes affecting the performance of shares, through the turnover of shares for a period of two years from 1/1/2017 to 31/12/2018 , relying on weekly and monthly data, as the (least squares method) was used, and the research reached a conclusion that the relative value chain of the stock turnover rate The weekly and monthly trends of 2017 were more stable, compared to the relative value series of the weekly and monthly stock turnover that were devoid of the effect of the general trend of 2018, because the relative values in 2018 were fluctuating in most of their values .

The research aims to test the role of human resource flexibility represented by (skills flexibility, behavior flexibility, and flexibility of human resources practices) in promoting creative behavior in its dimensions represented by (exploring the opportunity, generating the idea, promoting the idea, and implementing the idea), the researchers relied on the descriptive statistical method and using the questionnaire in order to measure the level of availability of research variables among a sample of faculty members in private colleges/Babil Governorate. The researcher used a set of statistical tools, which were (normal distribution, structural modeling equation, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression coefficient) and the results were extracted by (AMOS) software. V.23), the results of the research showed that there is a correlation and a significant impact of human resources flexibility in promoting creative behavior, and perhaps the most important results of the research were the availability of the human resources flexibility variable with a high degree of importance according to the responses of the sample members, which indicates that private universities and colleges are highly interested in the flexibility of human resources, and this indicates the importance of the adaptation and response factors that the affiliates have in these colleges and the possibility of enhancing them through the factors of learning and development and acquiring skills Additional at the level of practicing administrative, technical and teaching activities.

Studies related to the oil industrial sector are of great importance by economic and financial researchers in both developed and developing countries. The research problem lies in the existence and availability of resources that would contribute to the process of expanding and increasing production, but it needs a decision from the senior management in order for the project management to take the necessary measures for that. The research aims to conduct a performance evaluation process for the Diwaniya Refinery project by using economic and financial performance evaluation criteria in order to know the efficiency of the project and its ability to exploit the resources available to it, measure its production efficiency, diagnose the amount of deviations and develop appropriate solutions to them. Topics are the theoretical and conceptual aspects of the process of evaluating economic performance, the descriptive aspect of the Diwaniya Refinery project, and the applied aspect of the Diwaniya Refinery project.

The Russian Federation has realized the geostrategic importance of Ukraine and the threat it poses to its national security if it is employed by the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO), as it is the strategic depth and buffer zone between it and Europe, and any change in its policy and orientations towards the West and the United States of America undermines its role and endeavors in the region, and constitutes a suffocating security belt that ends its active role in the international arena as a pole of international politics, and the attempt to reject NATO to recognize Russia's role as a pole in the arena, called In order to declare a "special military operation" to force the Ukrainian government to neutralize and disarm, leading to a crisis with the West, the two nuclear powers have never faced directly in the world, each of which wants to achieve its goal, Russia is looking to resolve the imposition of its rising power as one of the poles if it achieves its goals vis-à-vis the European powers and the United States of America, and the latter and its allies aspire to expand eastward to return the Russian Federation to square one.

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: The opinion of the people of the world is that there is no reason to criticize the opinion of the people, do not hurt the prayer of the Divine Revelation. Criticism of the Prophet's Interpretation of the Meanings of the Prophet*.

The research aims to clarify Al-Bayhaqi's position on the issue of Qadr and Qadr and the many branches mentioned in his book (Qada' wa Qadr) that he stood on and inferred from the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet. Al-Bayhaqi's approach in his book is summarized by first citing Qur'anic texts, then the hadiths of the Prophet and the sayings of the Companions , Followers, Narrators, Hadiths, and Akhbaris. The research is divided into an introduction and two topics, the entry includes a brief about the author's life, and the first topic dealt with Al-Bayhaqi's position on Qadr and Qadr, and it includes five paragraphs: Al-Bayhaqi's position on estimating the quantities and recording them in remembrance, his position on wiping on Adam's back and the coming out of the offspring, his position on estimating the actions of the servants, his attitude towards believing in the will of God, and his attitude towards the entry of people into Paradise, while the second topic dealt with Al-Bayhaqi's inferences to the decree and destiny, and it also includes five paragraphs: the first is what the Companions and the flags of religion have inferred, the second is the benefit and harm, both in the hands of God Almighty, and the third is the attainment of faith in divine grace and not mere action, and the fourth is that every person repays for what he died for. The fifth is guidance and misguidance from Allah (swt).

The content of the research in this study is the origin of the Qur'anic readings in the first type book of Sayyid Ibn Masum Al-Madani, where this is done by tracking the verses that the author touched on in his book and which contain the various readings, the research is conducted in a reliable scientific way, so the researcher's goal is to identify and analyze each topic. Taking into account the statement of Ibn Ma'sum and providing researchers with all relevant opinions.
The research included a preamble and two demands, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion with the most important results, as follows: The preamble was entitled (Readings in the Linguistic and Idiomatic Sense).
The first demand was entitled "The Opinions of the Scholars on the Frequency of Readings", and we touched on the opinions of the Imami Shiite scholars as well as the school of the Companions, and then the weighting between opinions based on the weighted evidence, not in the way of inclination and fanaticism of the madhhab.
With regard to the second requirement (Qur'anic readings in the first type of book), we have touched on the Qur'anic evidence found in the book of Ibn Ma'sum, and this requirement is the main focus of our research and study to achieve the desired results.

The purpose of this study is to explain the journey of Imam Hussein (AS) from Mecca to the land of Karbala, his martyrdom there, and the martyrdom of his companions in his hands. The first topic dealt with the departure of Imam Hussein from Mecca and his entry into the land of Karbala accompanied by his cousins Aqeel who went out to support Imam Hussein (AS), and the second topic included the companions of Imam Hussein (AS) who were martyred with him and the women of Banu Hashim, Sakina and Fatima, daughters of Imam Hussein (AS).

Hospitals are one of the most important and largest components of the health system that provide health services in organized societies. Due to the great material, technical and human resources available to hospitals, attention has been paid to them in order to ensure the efficient and effective use of these resources in order to achieve the main objective of their existence, which is to provide high-quality health services at the lowest cost.
The research aims to study the reality of the indicators of services provided in government hospitals in Babylon Governorate in terms of their efficiency and adequacy according to local planning indicators. It was clear that the low level of health services and the unfair spatial distribution of them compared to the residential size, and therefore the existing hospitals do not meet the actual needs of the population, and this is evident through the concentration of hospitals in the city of Hilla and some other administrative units. Most of these hospitals lack specialized medical centers and the lack of beds in some hospitals, which causes pressure on other hospitals. The study showed that the rate of (hospital/person) in the governorate is high (144,985) people for the year (2020), which is a high rate compared to the local standard of (50,000 people/hospital), and the deficit in the number of hospitals reached (23) at the governorate level and the rate of (Nessma/bed) as there are (2,900) beds inside the hospitals, while the current deficit reached (10,873) beds at the level of Babylon Governorate.

Iraq has a lot of tourism elements that have become a great role in attracting many tourists from abroad, and building advanced tourism relations with Arab, regional and foreign countries, which have become willing to visit tourist places such as resorts, marshes, holy places and monuments, as these places have had a great role in encouraging tourism cooperation and curiosity over other civilizations. Iraq has been able to build good tourism relations with various countries such as conferences, meetings and tourism agreements that have contributed to a certain extent in giving a kind of tourism and civilizational progress, and this cooperation in the field of tourism has appeared through organizations that seek to achieve development in their tourism and recreational activities, and it has contributed to pushing the tourism industry to prosperity and development in the global economy. The tourism cooperation interests covered various tourism activities such as tourism, aviation, hotels and education, and tourism cooperation contributed to the development and improvement of administrative performance and the preparation of competent cadres specialized in the field of tourism, through contact with advanced foreign expertise specialized in the field of global tourism activity.

The research aims to identify the imaginary system in the drawings of the students of the Institute of Fine Arts, and it included four chapters, the first chapter dealt with the research problem, which centered on the following question: What is the imaginary system in the drawings of the students of the Institute?, and the second chapter dealt with the theoretical framework of the research and included two topics, the first dealt with the imagination philosophically and psychologically, while the second topic dealt with the imaginary system, while the third chapter included the research procedures. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researchers designed a tool to analyze student fees for a community of (81) male and female students, with (39) male and female students, and the research sample was determined by taking the entire community due to the small number, and the researchers adopted a content analytical approach as it is in line with the topic of their research, while the fourth chapter was dedicated to presenting and discussing the results.

The United Nations, through its executive organ, has played an active role in resolving the problems related to the Syrian crisis from the political and humanitarian perspectives, in recognition of the serious repercussions of this crisis on international peace and security in a region rife with political, social and economic problems. The political aspect may have been equivalent to the humanitarian aspect of this crisis, so the UN Security Council and the General Assembly have issued many resolutions in addition to presidential statements since the crisis began in 2011 until January 2020, some of which constituted A pivotal stage in the repercussions of the Syrian problem after the international organization developed the basic fields for a political solution according to a perspective in which humanitarian alternatives overlapped with political alternatives, the most important of which are the Kofi Annan initiative, the Lakhdar Brahimi initiative, and the initiative of Staffan de Mistura.

The report of the Group of Experts was issued in 2021 which included a set of principles on the application of the rules of public international law to the operations carried out by states in cyberspace, and the United Nations played the main role in the formation of the group, which contributed to the preparation of these principles, but the most important question is the importance of the role of the United Nations in forming integrated rules regarding the threats imposed by cyberspace to international peace and security.
We will address the topic of research in three topics, the first of which is dedicated to the historical development of the role of the United Nations in dealing with cyberspace, the second is to examine the content of the principles contained in the 2021 expert report, and the last topic deals with the importance of these principles in the formation of international rules governing cyberspace.

In this study, we examined the textual coherence and its connotations in the poem "Al-Baya" by Kumit bin Zaid al-Asadi. This is because his poetry expresses the truest expression of his emotions, which are shrouded in love and loyalty to the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them), and that love came from an honest and self-melting doctrine, without pretension or fabrication, where he not only expressed emotions, but also expressed thought. Since textual coherence is the basis for the construction of the poetic verse and its formulation in the expression of ideas, the aim of this study was to make the scientific and practical applications to the verses of the poem to clarify the effectiveness of textual coherence and harmony in the coherence and coherence of those doctrinal ideas, by employing its tools, the most important and famous of which are referencing, deletion, repetition, and others. This study relied on the descriptive-analytical method.

The Sunnah of the Purified Teacher was the basis and most prominent in the jurist's benefit from it in deriving the legal rulings, and it is not surprising that the news about it is characterized by contradictions among them, it required the legislator to confront the explanation of the treatment of these cases, so "therapeutic news" was the basis and refuge to remove this contradiction between them, which in turn is divided into several sects, the most important of which is the news of weighting, whether with the approval of the dear Book or with the contradiction of the general public and the like . The research included two topics, the first of which included talking about the hadiths of choice and discussing them, which I discussed in the first point, and the news of the stopping, which means that I deferred the discussion of it to the second point. With regard to the news that indicates that it is obligatory to give weight to the hadith, which contains an advantage over the one who loses it, I have mentioned them in the second section.
The research concluded that the most prominent of which is that the closest is to limit the probabilities to the approval of the book and the violation of the general "news and fatwas", taking into account the longitudinal order between them.

The idea of the research is based on the approach of thought Sayyid Muhammad Baqir Al-Sadr's responses to Dr. Mahdi Al-Makhzoumi in terms of cognitive examination within the subject of grammatical research, as he monitored the basis of the formation of evidence and the nature that each of them looked at for the method followed in the study of language, and then considered their central question about its value and the possibility of maintaining its scientific effectiveness.

There is no doubt that the Corona crisis, which in its repercussions exceeded the barriers of national borders, and touched in its legal effects on all constitutional and legal systems around the world, undoubtedly constituted a "legal crisis" and a real and direct test of the adequacy of the texts in finding a legal adaptation to them through the fixed concepts and principles that the legal systems have been consolidating and working under their guidance for decades, confirming the saying "the protection and service of human beings are the goal of any legislative text, and the focus of any decision or procedure." We found it useful, even necessary, to try to find sound answers to some important questions that reflect the most prominent aspects of this global crisis, which we hope will be immediate and not prolonged, as it touches on the interests, rights and freedoms of most individuals and societies.
One of the most prominent of these questions is to try to find out the extent to which the theory of necessity can be applied in light of the Corona pandemic, especially since one of the justifications of this theory is that the safety of the state is above all considerations, and the essence of the theory of necessity is based on the assumption of a serious danger and a situation that threatens the entity of the state and constitutional institutions, so that the legal rules that have been set for ordinary circumstances do not work in confronting it, so it finds itself forced to decide on special measures to confront this pandemic, which may pose a threat to the state institutions and stability, and the safety of the state. and the health of its citizens, and thus the transition from the scope of "ordinary legality " to "exceptional legality" that allows for more restrictive measures for rights and freedoms, in line with the nature of the dangerous new situation, and we can also ask about the legal adaptation of this pandemic and the extent of the application of the terminology addressed in the constitutions, and whether the Corona pandemic is an exceptional event or a force majeure .

Economic developments have led to the complexity of life, so individuals began to look for resources that enable them to provide them with a source of livelihood, and one of these resources is resorting to trade, trade has exposed the reason for internal and external exchange, as the trade relationship has expanded, and it is no longer limited to internal trade, but there has become an exchange at the international level, and trade may have a winning deal and a non-profitable one. As a result, in the event of a loss, the trader becomes bankrupt, as the trader is exposed to many crises and failures in his business life that would lead to financial hardship that would make him unable to pay his debts, the trader finds himself in a situation that is difficult to overcome, especially if the creditors insist on their right to obtain their debts and do not agree to the settlement, and in the face of this situation, solutions must be found to address it It was represented by the barter system, whereby a certain creditor has a right over the bankrupt merchant, but at the same time there is a balance available to the bankrupt merchant debtor, and accordingly this barter results in the disappearance of the two opposing debts despite the opening of the bankruptcy proceedings, and the creditor in question obtains his debt indirectly ahead of the rest of the creditors. Some of these procedures are focused on the person of the merchant, as bankruptcy here is prescribed to protect the debtor and protect the creditors, for the person of the debtor, it protects him from the rest of the creditors, each of whom intends to execute on the bankrupt merchant's money, and on the other hand, it is in the interest of the creditors because the merchant's money is divided equally between them so that none of them is alone in his money and the right of the remaining creditors is lost.

The importance of the topic lies in the fact that differentiating between opinion and ijtihad is one of the necessities of entering the field of interpretation of the Holy Qur'an, and without finding the solution to this dialectic, the interpreter is not spared from delving into the opinion. The research methodology included: the inductive method, which was used to collect the scientific material from its sources, and the analytical method, through which the scientific material was deconstructed, explained, and the bonds of connection between its parts were understood, and the research was structured according to the scientific material obtained from the sources on an introduction, a preface, two researches, and results, as it was reviewed in Introduction: The multiplicity of interpretive tendencies and their differences in the prohibition and permissibility of interpretation by opinion, while the first topic focused on interpretation by opinion and its truth, while the nature of the second topic was specialized in explaining the relationship between the mind and contemplation.