journal of kufa studies center

Meritorious leadership is one of the important management leadership styles that correspond to the nature of work in the higher education sector, as well as the importance of various innovations in this sector, including service innovation. This study aims to explore the role that meritorious leadership can play through its elements (internal ethical perspective, relational transparency) in supporting service innovation, whether those designed for administrative issues or those that target various teaching and scientific issues. This study came in two stages, the first stage is the pilot study, where the checklist was distributed to the study population in the initial study, which is represented by the scientific and administrative assistants in the faculties of the University of Kufa, which is (21) to be the total number of assistants (42) as well as (6) directors of the relevant scientific and administrative departments of the University Office, and (42) were recovered.After analyzing the data of the preliminary study, it was found that there are (10) faculties in which there are (10) faculties that have competent leadership at a high level with the presence of innovations, (6) faculties in which there are characteristics of competent leadership but there are no innovations within the scale adopted by the researcher, and there are one faculties in which there are innovations but no worthy leadership characteristics, and finally there are four faculties that were not within the study scale in both characteristics of competent leadership and innovations. Accordingly, the second phase of the study (basic study) was conducted on the ten colleges in which both the study axis (competent leadership and service innovation) are available as an "intentional sample", where personal interviews were conducted with the deans of these colleges according to the qualitative approach, and the time of the interviews ranges between 40 minutes to two hours for each dean, and these data were analyzed according to the mechanisms of the NVivo program. The study reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which are: The results showed that some colleges do not have comprehensive agreement on the element of internal ethical perspective, as there is a weakness in this element in some colleges in terms of narrowing the horizon, weak self-organization, the ability to resolve contradictions, and sometimes lack of leadership experience. The results showed that there is a consensus on most of the characteristics of service innovation, and in terms of improving the institution's service performance, developing existing services, and finding new services, but despite the presence of students. Workers seek to provide new service innovations, but providing a unique service innovation is still an aspiration for these cadres.

This research aims to measure the impact of inflation in Iraq on the performance of the Iraqi Stock Exchange for the period (2007-2018), the research dealt with the theoretical concepts related to both inflation and the indicators of the stock market represented by (market capitalization, trading volume, number of shares, stock turnover), and for the purpose of achieving the research objectives, hypotheses were formulated and tested by statistical means, for the purpose of measuring the impact of the inflation rate in Iraq on the performance of the Iraq Stock Exchange, the analytical method was used, as well as The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that there is no direct relationship between the inflation rate and the performance indicators of the Iraqi Stock Exchange during the study period, then the research concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is to raise the value of the local currency and increase the strength. Purchasing for the consumer, which contributes to eliminating the phenomenon of rising commodity prices in the local market. In addition, the development of financial capabilities in the financial market in Iraq requires the achievement of a sufficient amount of economic, political and security stability for the purpose of encouraging investments, especially by stimulating foreign capital and attracting it inwards.

The study aims to address the uncertainty associated with the demand for the product using the deficit-free purchasing model, and also to address the uncertainties that occur when estimating the cost of stock-keeping for the product manufactured in the study sample. This topic is the focus of attention of many production and service organizations in various countries of the world that aim to achieve profits and reduce costs, and because the deficit-free purchase model is used to know the optimal level of inventory quantity, and when to order the quantity. WinQSB.V2) to obtain the required results, and the study reached a set of conclusions and recommendations, one of the most important conclusions was the reliance of most companies on the opinions of experts and some mathematical methods, which leads to the determination of quantities of inventory inaccurately, because in the market, it is difficult to determine the quantities of demand accurately, most of the time random and ambiguous, and with regard to the recommendations, the study touched on the need to adopt scientific methods that contribute to removing the ambiguity and uncertainty that accompanies the Iraqi production environment.

The research addresses a fundamental problem of great seriousness and importance, which is how to protect the means of transportation from being attacked. The study dictated that we follow the descriptive analytical approach to the legal and constitutional texts, in addition to the comparative method, to show the position of some comparative legislations with reference to the position of the Iraqi Penal Code as well as the position of some special laws on the protection of means of transportation.
The research was divided into two topics, preceded by an introduction, as follows:
We devoted the first to the statement of the criminal protection of means of transport in the constitutions, and in the second section, we talked about the criminal protection of means of transport in ordinary laws, and we concluded the research with a conclusion in which we summarized our findings and the suggestions we proposed.

Iraq's foreign policy in the period between 2003 and 2010 was characterized by many problems that led to a clear failure to achieve the required level and goals. The research consists of two demands, the first addressing the challenges facing foreign political performance, while the second includes a future vision of Iraqi foreign policy, and then a conclusion that included the most prominent findings of the research, which is that a new work mechanism must be developed to deal with events according to an effective scientific view based on investigation and surveillance, and this requires activating the joints of the decision-making movement The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its institutions are equipped with scientific capabilities and capabilities that have the ability to observe and extrapolate positions, and to govern the foreign political movement institutionally and individually through the use of modern techniques that help the Iraqi negotiator to read regional and international positions to build a scientific position that avoids uncalculated repercussions and crises.

In order to build a state with clear and strong features, the system of government must be prominent and the mechanism for forming the government must be clear, according to legal foundations, successful political performance, and natural conditions for its birth and away from crises.
The research is based on the hypothesis that the crisis of confidence in the Iraqi state was not born of the present, but has existed since the establishment of the Iraqi state and has worsened after 2003, and this crisis has led to many problems between the people and the authority in the political and social fields.
The research was divided into two chapters, the first topic dealt with the nature of the crisis, while the second topic dealt with the study of political crises in Iraq.

The research was aimed at balancing the poems of the selected women and the poems of the epics in the crowd of Arab poems by Abu Zaid Al-Qurashi in terms of the poetic image in their poems, which included three images, namely: the metaphorical image, the metaphorical image, and the metaphor image, and I thought that my research should be in the poems of the selectors and the epics, as their poems represented the eyes of the poets of the Arabs in the two eras (pre-Islamic and Umayyad), and I divided the research into a preface and three topics. In the introduction, it was known as the poetic image of the ancients and the moderns, and the study dealt with the poetic image on three topics , the first came in the statement of the metaphorical image of the owners of the two classes, and the second topic was entitled the allegorical image in their poems, and the third topic was specialized in the metaphorical image, and concluded the research with its findings, in addition to a list of sources and references, and a summary in Arabic and English .

Textual deliberative view the text as a verbal act , or as a series of verbal acts that include accomplished purposes , which the speaker intends to direct to the addressee in order to do a certain thing, which corresponds to the speaker\' s purpose or intention.This research does not claim that it has reached the extent of congruence with the methodological or idiomatic requirements of modern textual deliberativeness, but nevertheless these aspects can be considered a historical and epistemological precedent that has not been realized until the present era.

This research aims to reveal the concept of condition in the Qur'anic context, and what is meant by the concept of contradiction is that what is not spoken about is contrary to what is spoken in the ruling, and it is called the discourse guide, and it is divided into sections, and one of these sections is the concept of condition, which means: suspending something with something so that if the first exists, the second exists, and the fundamentalists mean by the concept of condition: the conditional sentence or what it replaces it, as it is in the case of the grammarian terminology.

The research tagged (The views of Arab clairvoyants in Wahhabi doctrines in the twentieth century) focused on clarifying the opinions of Arab claviers on the doctrine of the Wahhabi movement, and the viewpoint of clairvoyants involves reaching the truth of the claims that Wahhabism was declaring and the mistakes that occurred in it, such as the slanders and lies attributed to other sects, so their response was to clarify the facts and criticize this movement from within it, by virtue of the affiliation of some of them to it and to acquaint them with all its ideas and its beliefs, and accordingly the Wahhabi movement was replied.

The economic freedom index is one of the important indicators that affect attracting foreign direct investment, and the research was interested in studying the relationship between the indicators of economic freedom represented by the ten variables (property rights, freedom from corruption, tax policies, government spending, freedom to establish businesses, labor market status, monetary freedom, trade freedom, investment freedom, financial freedom, and cumulative economic freedom) on the one hand, and foreign direct investment for a sample of two countries, namely Egypt and the United Arab Emirates, and after studying and analyzing the data issued by the International organizations and international classifications prepared for the independent variable (indicators of economic freedom) and inward direct investment of the sample countries, then using the statistical program Minitab to find the correlation and impact relationship between each independent variable and the dependent variable at the micro level and then at the macro level, the positive relationship and impact between the two variables and their clear impact on attracting foreign direct investments was clarified, and the data were analyzed by (pooling data) method. After the analysis, it became clear that the equation of the model for the UAE is identical with the economic theory, which confirms that there is a relationship between the indicators of economic freedom and foreign direct investment, which is the same in Egypt, and conclusions were reached, the most important of which is the need to pay attention to and improve the indicators of economic freedom, and to exert efforts to activate them and reduce the obstacles in front of them.

This research aims to understand and clarify the behavior of decision-makers in companies who participate in the financial and managerial decision-making process of working capital management, and how these biases can affect working capital management decisions. biases in financial and management decisions.
(2) Emotional biases were tested on (103) managers with influence on financial and managerial decisions related to working capital management and the company as a whole based on the descriptive and inferential method of the study sample and hypotheses by using two statistical tools represented by the correlation matrix (Pearson correlation coefficients) and simple regression analysis.

This research seeks to know the extent of the contribution of electronic marketing to achieving the flexibility of performance for the activity of the National Insurance Company, as well as determining the level of flexibility of the company's performance in the event of crises in order to survive, grow, continue and compete with the rest of the companies, whether governmental and private. The losses suffered by most companies and organizations in light of the outbreak of the Corona virus pandemic.
The topic of the research dealt with determining the role of e-marketing in achieving performance flexibility An applied research in the National Insurance Company E-marketing plays an important role in achieving the competitive advantage of organizations, especially with the developments that the world is witnessing now in various fields and levels, as speed, flexibility, quality, and the ability to interact, as well as the low costs, have become one of the determining factors for any organization to obtain a competitive advantage, and the ability of decision makers to quickly reach good results has become considered the limitation that The researcher noted that insurance companies in Iraq have a lack of perception and perception of the depth of the relationship between the role of e-marketing and performance flexibility.
The research sample included (62) forms distributed in the National Insurance Company, and the questionnaire form was used as the main tool for collecting information and data and analyzing it by the statistical program (SPSS), as the sample was (random) as well as personal interviews of some managers of the headquarters of the National Insurance Company in Baghdad, and the hypotheses of the study that were concerned with the existence of the relationship and the impact between the study variables were tested through statistical methods related to the subject, and for the purpose of testing the hypotheses of the relationship, the correlation coefficient (Pearson) was adopted and to test the relationships. Effect The simple linear regression coefficient was adopted. In order to answer the inquiries and questions of the subject of the study, the correlation and impact relationships between the main and sub-variables of the research were tested, which enabled us to reach a set of results, the most important of which are :
The existence of correlation and impact relations between the research variables (independent and affiliated) as well as the existence of the impact of e-marketing in achieving the flexibility of the company's performance, the researcher finally presented a set of recommendations to the insurance company based on the results he obtained, which are (developing appropriate strategic plans for the introduction of technical devices in the company's headquarters and providing the basic infrastructure for the purpose of developing the e-marketing work ).

The insurance commodity is considered a future promise of compensation provided by the company in the event of the occurrence of the risk covered by the coverage, and when settling the compensation, it requires many procedures to obtain compensation, and here it is reflected in the extent of gaining customer satisfaction, and the importance of research in this subject is gained by presenting the importance of compensatory measures for fire insurance and its role in gaining customer satisfaction, in addition to that, the research seeks to diagnose the compensatory measures and show their impact on customer satisfaction. The relationship between the impact and correlation between the two main variables was identified from the field study in the Iraqi and National General Insurance Companies, and it was tested by statistical means and information collection, obtained from the two companies and a sample of customers of the two companies, and the results were confirmed in support of the research hypotheses. On this basis, the research entitled (Compensatory Measures for Fire Insurance and its Role in Customer Satisfaction) was applied in the Iraqi and National General Insurance Companies, and the research was applied in the Iraqi and National General Insurance Companies. The researcher found that there is a correlation and a moral effect between the two main variables, and based on the results reached by the researcher, the most important of which are: The research concluded from the practical results that the compensatory measures for fire insurance are of great importance in gaining customer satisfaction, the most important of which are (compensatory measures, compensation payment procedures), as well as insurance companies must train their employees periodically, and introduce modern technology in work. The company should put up signage with the required documents for compensation to facilitate compensatory procedures for customers.

In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in the subject of governance in higher education institutions, and studies and publications have been abundant in this regard, following the recent emergence of financial crises, and governance has played a major role in preventing the occurrence of such crises or reducing them at the very least, through a set of mechanisms, most notably the disclosure and transparency of financial and non-financial information and its preparation in accordance with the relevant accounting standards, as the emergence of the concept of university governance has come to address the challenges that have been and what These universities are still facing challenges, as good governance leads to outstanding performance, and optimal use of public and private funds, and that developing them, overcoming their various problems, and increasing their competitive, operational, financial and administrative capacity reflects positively on achieving their goals.

Purpose: To reveal the role of the intuitive manager in enhancing job enthusiasm in the work environment.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The research used multiple approaches, including the descriptive and analytical method, for the purpose of ascertaining the existence of a relationship between the research variables, then preparing a questionnaire form to obtain the information, and then testing the hypotheses, as the questionnaire was designed based on solid scientific measures and was analyzed using the statistical program (spss.v22) and the research community at Middle Euphrates Technical University.
Results: The results showed that there is a relationship and effect of intuitive manager on enhancing job enthusiasm in the work environment of the research organization or among the employees in the research sample.
Scientific Effects: Employing the findings of the research in the adoption of the research organization (Middle Euphrates Technical University) in Najaf Governorate of the intuitive manager in a way that contributes to enhancing the job enthusiasm of employees at the level of the subvariables of this adopted variable.
Originality/Value: The research contributed to bridging the knowledge gap in the absence of an Arab or foreign study as far as the researchers knew that dealt with the relationship between research variables in a single hypothetical model to support and enhance job enthusiasm among the employees in the research organization.

The research aims to identify the role of strategic flexibility in its dimensions (resource orientation, robustness, agility) in reducing strategic deficiencies in its dimensions (prioritization of resources, conflict of minds, insufficient understanding and participation, and leadership inadequacy), and the Iraqi Ministry of Electricity was collectively selected to conduct the research, in a sample of (136) employees in senior and middle administrations. The research tried to answer several questions, including: What is the relationship between strategic flexibility and strategic deficiencies in the Iraqi Ministry of Electricity?
The research is divided into three topics, the first topic dealt with the research methodology, the second topic was dedicated to presenting and discussing the literature related to the variable (strategic flexibility) and the variable (strategic inadequacy), while the third topic dealt with presenting the results of testing the research hypotheses and model, and the research concluded with the conclusions and recommendations it reached.

There are many main interests and tasks of the internal auditor, as the value added by the internal auditor to the company in which he works is reflected in the level of the company's performance, and the main goal of the research is to identify the effectiveness of internal audit in improving the company's performance, as the research problem was represented in the light of the main question of the research whether there is an effectiveness of internal audit in improving the performance of the insurance company, and the research was applied in the Iraqi General Insurance Company, and (44) questionnaire forms were distributed to internal control employees The financial department of the Iraqi General Insurance Company, and obtaining (41) usable forms and (3) neglected forms due to their invalidity, as the questionnaire represents the main research tool, and the descriptive-analytical approach was relied on to distinguish this approach with a holistic view and the association of the description of the case with its analysis, and a set of statistical methods were followed appropriate for the nature of the data and testing the hypotheses, as the research data were analyzed according to the tools including (Alpha Cro Niebach coefficients), the weighted arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, and the relative importance of data analysis, the Siberman correlation coefficient to find out the type of correlation between the research variables, simple linear regression ( and the use of the SPSSV26) program, and the research reached many conclusions, the most important of which is that the results of the statistical analysis showed the existence of a correlation relationship. The effect between the independent variable is the effectiveness of coordination between internal audit with its dimensions (efficiency of professional performance, independence), and the dependent variable of performance improvement, and this gives an indication of the extent of interdependence and the great positive impact of these dimensions in achieving the objectives of the Iraqi Insurance Company. The research concluded with a set of recommendations, including the need to take into account the dimensions mentioned in the current research, namely (the efficiency of professional performance, independence) because of their role in improving the company's performance in a comprehensive way.

The Arabian Gulf region has great importance in the international political balance , and this importance comes from the strategy of geographical location, as the region is in the middle of the world and an effective commercial center that connects the East with the West, which led to the competition of the colonial countries in order to control it from an early period of history .
This research sheds light on the British-Ottoman rivalry in the Arabian Gulf region in (1871-1913), as during that period the colonial countries were competing to obtain colonial influence in the region, so both Britain and the Ottoman Empire used all diplomatic, legal and military methods and methods to assert their control over the region, and after the Ottoman Empire was able to control Al-Ahsa in 1871, it became in direct contact with the Gulf Emirates. Thus, it found itself with the ambition to expand and extend its influence to Qatar, the Al-Udeid region, Bahrain, and the coast of Oman, and in return, Britain used all its methods to prevent this expansion, and this competition ended up in Britain being able to weaken the Ottoman countries in the region, and the two parties ended up agreeing to conclude an agreement in 1913 that included the withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire from the Arabian Gulf region .

The selection of the electoral system in any country is one of the important criteria for studying the democratic orientation of the country, and these electoral systems vary from one country to another based on many factors such as the social, economic and political conditions, the level of cultural and democratic awareness, the extent to which democratic practices are entrenched, the political and electoral awareness of the citizen, and the political elites together. Choosing the most appropriate electoral system for each country leads to the success of the democratic process at the level of the state and society.
The research is divided into three topics, the first topic deals with the conceptual framework of the research, the second topic includes the types of electoral systems that were used in Iraq after the enactment of the Iraqi Constitution in 2005, while the third topic deals with the number of multiple districts in each governorate.