Zanco Journal of Human Sciences

The objective of the research is to know (the effect of the use of the model (4MAT) of McCarthy on the acquisition of the scientific concepts of the seventh grade basic's students). In order to Verify the objective of the research, a zero hypothesis was formulated that states (that there is no statistically significant difference at α = 0.05 ) Between the degrees of the two groups the experimental and the control groups in the acquisition of scientific concepts, and the research community was formed of all the seventh grade students in the city of Erbil for the academic year (2018 - 2019) and the research sample of (71) seventh grade student in the basic's school (Siwaely), which distributed On the experimental and control groups, by (36) female students of the group of studies that were taught Using the (4MAT) model for McCarthy and (35) students for the control group, which were taught according to the usual method. The two groups were equal in a number of variables such as age, months, intelligence and testing of the previous information. The testing of the acquisition of scientific concepts as a research tool was prepared, and after the application of the experiment and using the appropriate statistical means, the data were analyzed The results indicated that there were statistically significant differences at the level of (α = 0.05) in the mean scores of the students of the experimental and control groups in the test of the acquisition of scientific concepts and for the benefit of the experimental group. At the end of the research, a number of recommendations and proposals were presented for future work and research.

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Praise be to Allah who removal the worries , revealing the gloom, and the blessings, and prayer and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him the Prophet, who removed and destroyed idols. Blessings also go to his family and companions of the people of virtue and generosity, and to the followers and whom followed with the charity of peoples and nations.
And after:
The religious and political exploitation of sectarian and ethnic diversity is one of the worst things that humanity has produced in our time because of its negative impact on souls, considered a major factor in instilling hatred and nurturing extremism, and sectarian variety is often a breeding ground for the weak people to exploit and employ religious identities, and Ethnic politics in conflicts. The religious or political movement which moves forward in supporting of a religious or sectarian identity will soon transform its ideology into a fanatical tool in conflict with other ideologies or identities.
We must prove a fact which is an undeniable that our society has suffered material and political underdevelopment as a result of religious underdevelopment, and has been exploited sectarianly through the accumulation of years and events and reached the extreme degrees of danger in our time, to the extent that the features of the sunnah and principles and values have lost.
It is worth and important mentioning that religious and political exploitation negatively affected on the societal peace in Iraq, and through research, the researcher will shed light / focus on the extent of religious and political exploitation in Iraq to fight it, and fight all rhetoric that calls for violence and hatred, for a happy life and flourish living to our future generations.

The banking industry has witnessed a significant expansion in banking technology in recent decades; one of the most popular aspects of it, is electronic banking, which is differs from traditional banks because of its features. The research aims to identify the importance and advantages of electronic banking, in addition, the obstacles those face its spread in the Erbil city in order to do its commercial activities electronically. Therefore, this paper has concluded with a number of points: The electronic channels those used in the commercial banks of the study’s sample are ATM, phone banking, messaging and instant bank, as well as internet bank, add to The electronic channels in commercial banks are an easy way to enter the local and international markets. In addition, it is a positive power point to develop the electronic commercial, as well as Electronic banking faces with many obstacles, such as the lacks of laws encourage banks to adopt electronic banking and the lack of trained employees as well as the lack of technological infrastructure. The research, also, has reached to a number of recommendations, such as: To strength the infrastructure of the banking system by increasing the investment spending in information technology field and expanding the use of the network to provide variety of modern services to customers with higher efficiency and lower cost, add to Legislating laws to control electronic banking transactions, especially those related to relationship between the bank and the customer and determining the rights and duties of each party. And, the central bank could be powers point to execute those laws, as well as Prepare a plan for the training of human resources in a wide, continuous and parallel with the rapid developments in electronic systems and enhance the efficiency of human cadres for dealing with the electronic banking system.

The human being carries with him a set of values which he boasts of, including integrity, courage, honesty, honesty, social status, political position or job rank. He has the right to protect his reputation and dignity, and to defend them. He defends these values, and prevents distortion of the response to the distortion and false news. At the same time, the human is different in nature from one person to another, according to the social, educational and cultural environment in which they are educated, and some of them tend to discredit others for the purpose of themselves, Of the worst grade The person who does this may be due to events that have occurred, or that he carries a hatred or a heart attack which means reprisals by denigrating the reputation of those who want to, and there are also those who seek to belittle others and exclude them to be referred to as the best. This is because of the absence, slander, lying, misinformation, defamation, and slander which are considered to be major sins. God has assigned to each of them a certain punishment in the Holy Qur'an. God does not tolerate punishment of those who propagate bad propaganda without proof and proof. , Affected by internal and community peace, It is necessary to observe those who do not believe what they see of the work, or hear from the words, as you must try to bring them back to the right, while at the same time you must guide others to pay attention to their actions and words so as not to make room for them to think, all to maintain the bonds of peace and love between People brought to the interest and to deter the corrupt.

This research is a joint studying attempt of exemplification in the prophetic rhetoric for the perspective of familiarization to its types, imageries along with studying its constructive rhetorical features through a dual studying approach of the stylistic rhetoric as exemplification being a technique of achieving eloquence and quintessential for a successful communication process.
Rhetoric is arn aesthetic style that the eloquent speaker resorts to in essential conditions. This is achieved by different tools and techniques. The rhetoric competence and its values are out of limitation as it is the mother of the aesthetic and linguistic knowledge especially the prophetic rhetoric being the zenith of its kind as it is saturated by the soul of the Glorious Qura an.
The modern studies have proved that all the aesthetic and linguistic message descend from the womb of rhetoric and that is why the prophet Mohammad(peace be upon him) resorted to that rhetorical style so often for its significant role in illustrating the meanings and intentions to be recognized withir intended and required form.
The research follows a method that blends style observation with the rhetoric processing for the sake of the semantic and aesthetic values that the study attempts to discover.
This work consists of an introduction shedding light on both dual concepts of exemplification and the style of exemplification, rhetoric and the prophetic rhetoric, followed by six crucial points according to the order and types of exemplification: The first point studies the subject through signs, the second shows exemplification by scripts and pictures, the third axis deals with the subject by arguments and evidence while the fourth through images. The fifth clarifies exemplification through exotic and astonishing and the last point illustrates the subject understudy through stories. The paper then ends with the margins, references and a conclusion of the work results.

The ability of the Bawaghi Group as a vision to continue and develop its performance and work reflects the efforts exerted by those who raise it to improve the technical level of the band. This confirms the concern of the permanent renewal and development commensurate with the band's ambition to present important historical and historical works inspired by our history in contemporary and modern language, Our positive relationships with this history. The band aimed to preserve the popular folk songs, songs, folk songs, folklore and other things, and to confirm our Kurdish Kurdish identity. This is a historical consideration for our struggles and we assure the world of our right to live freely.

The subject of this research is the significance of the symbols in the work of the sculptor Fouad Ali Aziz, as well as seeking to reveal the signs and symbols, in a series of works by the artist Fouad Ali.
This research is entitled (meaning the symbol in the sculptures of artist Fouad Ali), which is divided into four chapters:
The first chapter concerns the problematic of research, its importance, its objectives, its limits, and the definition of terminology.
Chapter Two: The purpose of the theoretical framework for research, which consists in two sections:
The first topic: the sign: the meaning and the concept.
The second topic: The symbol in Iraqi plastic art.
Chapter III: A practical application for the research and analysis of some symbols in the works of the sculptor Fouad Ali to set the objectives of this research.
Chapter Four: It’s about the results obtained by the researcher after the analysis of the sculptures of the artist Fouad Ali, who highlighted:
1- The meaning of the symbol in the productions of the artist Fouad Ali, certain cultural inspirations through certain configurations, including the civilization of Mesopotamia, as evidenced by many of his works.
2 - In some three-dimensional works, the artist Fouad uses the symbol of the dove as a sign of peace, freedom and uses spaces left inside the sculpture, to highlight it. As in model No. (1).
3 - The artist Fouad Ali uses contemporary symbols such as the violin to express the notion of cultural heritage and continuity. As in model No. (2).

The research focuses on identifying the role of the dimensions of marketing citizenship, namely, the economic dimension, the legal dimension, the moral dimension and the human dimension, in enhancing the organization’s reputation for a sample of hospitals operating in the city of Erbil, through field testing of research variables based on theoretical framework. Methodological.
A questionnaire was distributed to 10 hospitals in Erbil and 300 workers to verify the hypotheses developed to address the research problem. One of the most important conclusions of the research is the existence of a positive correlation between marketing citizenship and the reputation of the organization in its dimensions (creativity, quality of service, social responsibility). And made several recommendations, most important of which is the need to invest and employ the marketing citizenship available in the hospitals inspected to enhance the reputation of the organization on an ongoing basis.

The current research aims to identify the following:
The effect of counseling style (Psychological Engineering) on improving national spirit in high school students. Achieving this requires investigating the following null hypothesis:
1- There are no statistically significant differences between the ranks on national spirit scale in the pre and post-tests of the experimental group which exposed to psychological engineering style.
2- There are no statistically significant differences between the ranks on national spirit scale in the pre and post-tests of the control group.
- comparison: experimental group, control group.
To test the hypothesis of the research, the researcher used the experimental design (experimental group and a control group with pre and post-test). The research sample consisted of (20) students distributed randomly over the two group and experimental control has been conducted upon a number of variables such as (the student scores on national spirit scale, age, academic achievement of the parents and economical condition)
The group was trained on the psychological engineering style and the meanwhile the control group did not undergo any training.
The researcher has also constructed:
1- National spirit scale which consists of (77) items divided on four subscales as following (Identity, belongingness, pluralism and acceptance of the other, and social). Validity check also conducted via face validity and construct validity. While Reliability was found through test-retest method which its value reached (0,87) and by half-split method, reliability value reached (0,83) for national spirit scale.
2- One program which psychological engineering style according to (plan, programming and budget) system. program consisted of (12) sessions.
The researches reached some results, most important of them are:
1- There are statistically significant differences between the ranks on national spirit scale in the pre and post-tests of the first experimental group.
2- There are no statistically significant differences between the ranks on national spirit scale in the pre and post-tests of the control group.
3- There are statistically significant differences between the ranks on national spirit scale in the post-tests of the experimental group and control group.
Finally, the researcher has reached to some conclusions based on the results and provided some recommendations and suggestions to be taken advantage of in subsequent researches.

The purpose of this research is to reveal the types of Qur'anic discourse that God has addressed to the hypocrites, the research attempted to extrapolate the types of Qur'anic discourse addressed by God the hypocrites and studied them, the research followed the methodology of the Inductive Method,To follow the different types of discourse in the verses of the Holy Quran, and wrote the interpretations and eloquence, And the analytical approach to analyze and study this diverse discourse, And the deductive approach to identify meanings in the diversity of discourse to the hypocrites in the light of the Holy Quran and books of interpretations, finally the research led to a number of valuable results. Which was the most important, That the most speech addressed to God by the hypocrites was the method of intimidation and seduction, Moreover That diversity of discourse of this category, because people are different nature

The era of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar is regarded as the most important period of a Qajar’s history. Fath-Ali Shah was a second ruler in Qajar’s dynasty. He took a power in 1798 after a death of Agha Muhamad Khan. He was ruled for over 37 years. The most important event that occurred during his rule, was a conflict between the great powers such as France, Russia and Britain on Iran, at the beginning of 19th century, which had a great impact on Iran’s foreign relations. Iran’s foreign relations expanded very widely during his rule, especially during Napoleon’s era in France and his conflicts in with European powers. After that the European countries paid more attention to Iran, to protect their interests in the region. These events need more study and researches.
This study contains an introduction, two chapters and a conclusion. The introduction describes Iran’s situation before the Qajars and when the Qajars came to power in 1795. Chapter one is divided into two parts, part one will evaluate Iran’s relations with France and Britain during a rule of Fath-Ali Shah Qajar. Chapter two also divided into two parts, the first part attempts to evaluate the first round of Iran-Russia war form 1804 to 1813. The second part will describes the second round of Iran-Russia war from 1826 to 1828.

The researcher in his current research aimed to identify the levels and significance of the differences and the correlation in the patterns of behavior A, B and a Feeling of quality among (93) students of the psychological counseling and special education departments in the Faculty of Education / University of Salahaddin – Erbil, taking into consideration variables such as (gender , scientific section) ). The importance of research is that a sense of quality or psychological fitness obligate the person to face the capabilities of this life, and this feeling is a positive sign of mental health and is associated with mental happiness and the feeling of the individual that at best, also this linked to self-compatibility, which is essential to establish satisfactory relationships with the self and others . The problem of the research is to try to detect positive indicators of patterns of behavior (A, B) in these students so that they can put more value for a Feeling of quality and performance of their tasks in the field of guidance and special education in a healthy and humane. The researcher relied on a pattern of behavioral scales (A, B) of the character prepared by (Ibrahim, 2004) and on the scale of the Feeling of quality of (Schamoach) which translated by (Mohamed Shehata). The validity and reliability of the two scales were verified. The apparent honesty value of both scales was (84.62%). The value of the stability test coefficient of the re-test for the behavioral scales (A, B) of the personality is (0.79) and the scale of the Feeling of quality is (0.83). And after applying the two scales together on the research sample and data processing using ((Spss) The results showed: 1. Statistically significant indicators of different levels of behavior patterns (A, B) and feeling of quality (excellent, good, bad) 2. The difference in the behavior patterns (A, B) of personality and feeling of quality according to (gender and scientific section) did not rise to any level of statistical significance. 3. And the result shows a positive correlation between the behavior pattern (B) of the personality and a Feeling of quality at the level of significance (0.05). And non-significant between typical behavior (A) of the personality and the Feeling of quality. And in the light of the results researcher presented some recommendations and suggestions.

The research aims to analyse the problem of cretiria of controlling Mubah in the Islamic law prespective, which focused on this issue and its implimentations according to the Iraqi and Kurdistan laws and ligslations. The researcher followed three main methodologies in this research, which are descriptive, inductive and an evaluative. One of the most important outcomes, which we have reached during the research, is permissible to restrict Mubah if its proses is done according to the criterias and rulling controlls in the Islamic prespective otherwise it is not.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of climate elements on the climatic water budget in Erbil, Sulaymaniyah and Dohuk station by using mathematical equations to extract the budget water values (surplus or water deficit) of these stations. With knowledge of the differences in surplus and water deficit between the stations of the study area.
The subject of study is of great importance for several reasons, most notably:
1 - The study area is characterized by the phenomenon of fluctuation of rain falling on the stations of the study area, which in turn affect the activities of the population.
2- Activate the water harvesting projects to know the value of rainwater and the need to make the best use of it in the areas of rainfall or aggregation, and thus its effects on the various economic aspects of the region in the light of these effects.
To achieve the objectives of the study were divided into three axis:
The first axis: the definition of the study area, and the impact of climatic elements in the climate water budget.
Axis II: Methods for calculating the potential evaporation / transpiration of study station s
The third axis: the calculation of the climate water budget of the stations, and the most important findings of the study of the conclusions and recommendations that serve the subject of the study.

The scope of this paper is limited to the Stylistics Analysis of Langston Hughes’ three selected poems under the titles of “Dream Deferred”, “Justice”, and “The Negro Speaks of Rivers”. The analysis is carried out under the aspect of phonological, lexical and semantic levels. The aim of this study is to discover the Stylistic devices the poet has used in his poems to enhance his message as well as to express to his community and the world his ideas, concerns and observation on socio-political issues. Also, to get better understanding of the message he is trying to convey.

The current study is an attempt to show Ray Bradbury’s (1920-2012) visions concerning the destiny of humanity in the future cities. To achieve this goal, the study uses psychobiography as the theory, to find evidence from his biography and link it to his literary creativity. In his fiction, Bradbury speculates a future where humanity is doomed either by successive wars and atomic bombs or by the excessive use of science and technology. Therefore, this study takes two of Bradbury’s stories as instances to demonstrate his visions and predictions, which are: There Will Come Soft Rains (1950) and The Pedestrian (1951). Furthermore, it examines Bradbury’s personal life to reveal why he wrote and speculated in such a way. Finally, the study ends with a conclusion in which the major findings will be summed up.

In order for a conversation to be communicated more efficiently, participants exchange back-channels as a method of transmitting knowledge to indicate states such as attention, comprehension, misunderstanding, approval and non-acceptance. Listener responses, more commonly referred to as back-channeling, have attracted attention from diverse scholarly disciplines including linguistics because of their importance in effective dialogue and communication. This study introduces back-channeling, conveys its importance, and discusses its implications across Kurdish and English cultures. The study aims at discovering most common Kurdish back-channels through analyzing authentic face-to-face interactions, and identifying their forms and function in conversation. For this purpose, a number of TV channel interviews and programs have been selected to be analyzed as study sample. As a results of this study, it is clearly understood that Kurdish back-channels are quite similar to English ones in having very various types and forms, yet when it comes to functioning in interactions amongst speakers, there are apparent differences in that same forms do not convey same communicative implications. This, undoubtedly, can be attributed to Kurdish and English cross-cultural and language nature differences.

This research aims to focus on the context and progression of the Kurdish language of today while comparing it with the French language. We try here to present the history of the Kurdish language as well as its progression, its rebirth for several decades. This study also tends to explain how the Kurdish oral, through centuries, has been made up of several dialects and according to the political, sociological and urban opportunities, has turned into a complete language used as the oral that 'written. Each dialect was the outcome of a set of a way of life in a specific region and in a specific period. These dialects were analyzed according to three factors; their understandings, their geographical areas and their expansions. But, according to Kurdish linguists, it is difficult to identify the boundaries between Kurdish dialects. We chose the Sorani dialect (Central Kurdish) as a basis for our study because it was built after a long history and thanks to numerous linguistic, literary and sociological contributions. The use of Sorani as a language of education and media has greatly enriched the Kurdish language. Therefore, the task of defining the boundaries between the dialect and the Kurdish language remains difficult because language is the product of a social agreement on which a group of individuals have agreed.

One hundred years ago, the Skyes-Picot agreements sealed the fate of Kurdistan by dividing it into four parts. On May 16, 2016, President Barzani returned to the consequences of this agreement in a written statement related to the ethos, pathos and logos, elements of rhetoric peculiar to political discourse. The crimes perpetrated against the Kurdish people find their echo in what Patrick Charaudeau, in his book «Lediscours politique. Les masques du pouvoir "(2005) calls social disorder. Presented as a state of affairs or as a potential state, it tends in the first case to persuade the public of the presence of the evil, and in the second case to generate the fear of the possible existence of the evil. Barzani poses as the savior of the Kurdistan people, the very embodiment of what Charaudeau calls saving solution, that is to say the representation of a defender proposing measures to annihilate evil.