Zanco Journal of Human Sciences

The current research aims to identify (the impact of the informative program in the narrative style on developing the meaning of life among blind students at Al-Noor Institute) by verifying the following hypotheses:
1- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the grades of the experimental group before and after the implementation of the extension program.
2- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the scores of the control group in the pre and post tests on the meaning of life scale.
3- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the scores of the experimental group and the control group in the post-test.
The current research was determined by the students of Al-Noor Institute for the Blind for the academic year (2019/2020 AD), and the two researchers used the semi-experimental approach with a design (an experimental group and a control group with a pre-post test) The research sample consisted of (20) students from the Al-Noor Institute distributed randomly among Two groups, (an experimental group) and (a control group), and by (10) students in each group, parity was made for the two groups in some variables and a measure of the meaning of life was constructed consisting of (22) paragraphs, distributed into (4) areas, which are (estimation Self, social relations, achievement motivation, responsibility) and the two researchers presented it to a group of arbitrators in education and psychology, and in light of the results of the arbitration, we assured the validity of the scale for application and thus achieve apparent validity, as for consistency, it was found in two ways, namely, retesting as it reached (0.81), And Vackronbach has reached (0.82).
The two researchers implemented a heuristic program in (narrative) and the validity of (the indicative program) was verified through apparent honesty, by presenting it to a group of experts in guidance and direction. The program consisted of (11) counseling sessions with (two sessions) per week at a time. One session (45) minutes.
The researchers used the following statistical methods: (Pearson correlation coefficient, Fakronbach equation, Spearman's equation, T-test for two independent samples, Chi-square, Wilcoxen test, Mann-Whitney test, weighted mean, percent weight).
The results of the current research showed the following:
1- There are statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the grades of the experimental group before and after the application of the pilot program in favor of the post-test.
2- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the scores of the control group in the pre and post tests on the meaning of life scale.
3- There are statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the scores of the experimental group and the control group in the post-test in favor of the experimental group.
The results showed that the counseling program had an impact on developing the meaning of life among the experimental group students at Al-Noor Institute in Baghdad.
In light of the research results, the two researchers presented a number of recommendations and suggestions.

The current research aims to identify the attitude towards extremism in general and according to its dimensions among students of the University of Baghdad. And to identify the significance of differences in the attitude towards extremism in general and according to its dimensions depending on the gender variable(male, female), and according to the variable of the academic stage (first, fourth).
In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers resorted to building a measure of the attitude towards extremism, the final form of which is (37) items distributed on its dimensions (political, religious, and social). The Alpha ronbach Stability Coefficient for the overall scale was 0.84, for political 0.66, social 0.69, and for religious, 0.72.
It was concluded that the research sample has a positive attitude towards extremism in general, and a positive attitude towards political and social extremism is higher than the religious dimension, There are significant differences in the attitude towards extremism in general, according to its dimensions according to the gender variable, all in favor of males, and according to the variable of the stage and all in favor of the fourth stage.

The current study aims to know the nature of the relationship between the level of citizenship weakness and future anxiety in promoting trends towards clandestine immigration among unemployed youth. To achieve this goal, the study applied to a sample of 160 unemployed young men of both sexes, ranging in age from 20-30 years, who were deliberately chosen, and the descriptive and analytical approach was based on the following criteria: Citizenship Scale; A measure of future anxiety; And a measure of trends towards illegal immigration.
After statistical treatment of the data, the analysis resulted in the following results: Unemployed youth are characterized by a decrease in the level of citizenship, reaching (97.5%), and the study also revealed that unemployed youth suffer from future anxiety, reaching (90.63%). Their level of anxiety ranges between high and high Very, in addition to the positive trends towards clandestine immigration they have, where the percentage (80%) ranged between high and very high level, and the results also resulted in a negative relationship between the degree of citizenship and trends towards clandestine immigration, while there was a positive relationship between the degree of anxiety The future in its five dimensions and the trend towards clandestine immigration among the unemployed youth.

Current search targets:
1-Identify the level of psychological immunity (multidimensional) in students who killed the father Intermediate Stage and evaluate his statistical significance.
2- The differences in the level of psychological immunity among students killed by the father in the Intermediate Stage according to the variables of family displacement (displaced or not displaced), family income (income - no income) and the student's living after the father's death and the evaluation of his statistical significance.
3- Know the relationship between psychological immunity and demographic variables (family displacement - family income - student's livelihood after the father's death) among students killed by the father in Intermediate Stage and evaluate his statistical significance
4-Measure the degree of contribution of the fields (belief- executive - self-regulation) in the variable of psychological immunity in the students killed by the father in the Intermediate Stage and evaluate his statistical significance.
-5 Measuring the degree of contribution of demographic variables (family displacement - family income - student's livelihood after the father's death) in the psychological immunity of students killed by the father Intermediate Stage and correcting his statistical significance.
To achieve the objectives of the research, a measure of psychological immunity was built in students killed by the father in Intermediate Stage, according olah theory of psychological immunity. The psychometric properties of the scale Face validity, were extracted through a group of experts specializing in education and psycholohgy, Reliability is occurred by Alpha-cronbach coefficient and test- retest Reliability. The researchers came to:
-1 The research sample has a high level of psychological immunity in general and in the fields of belief and the executive field.
-2 There are differences in the level of psychological immunity according to the variables of the displacement of the family (displaced and not displaced), for the benefit of the displaced family and the variable income of the family (income - without income), for the benefit of families with income and the variable life of the student after the death of the father and for the benefit of living with the mother.
-3 The relationship between psychological immunity and demographic variables (family displacement - family income - student's livelihood after the father's death) among students killed by the father in the Intermediate Stage was opposite(Negative) and statistically significant.
-4 The areas (belief - executive - self-regulation) contribute individually to predicting the level of psychological immunity in students killed by the father Intermediate Stage and in a statistical indication.
-4 Demographic variables (family displacement, family income, student living after the father's death) contribute to the psychological immunity of students killed by the father in Intermediate Stage and his statistical allowances.
The researchers recommended that educational counselors take care of students who have been killed by the father in Intermediate Stage, conduct interviews and individual and group counselling sessions, and identify their suffering for the purpose of providing them with psychological and social support.

One of the highest levels of university learning is for postgraduate students studying for the master's and doctorate levels. However, what they are going through from circumstances such as academic, economic and social conditions, as well as the method or outlets for admission that made a number of students characterized by behaviors that were influenced by a number of psychological conditions that accompany them during and before the study. This may make them differ in the disclosure of themselves in proportion to the level of education in which they are, and summarizes the current research problem with the following question: What are the psychological variables that affect the nature of the behavior of graduate students from master's and doctoral degrees? As well as the form of self-disclosure? What is the relationship between them? The two researchers used the descriptive method. The current research community included graduate and postgraduate students in the College of Education for Humanities from Karbala University and for the academic year (2019-2020) prepared a scale of self-disclosure. After verifying the standard characteristics of the indicators of honesty and consistency and the statistical analysis of the scale, the scale of self-disclosure in its final form has consisted of (24) paragraphs distributed over four components: the region (blind, hidden, unknown, and clear), according to a tripartite response to the response is: [applies Always, it applies to me sometimes, never applies to me]. It is given when grades are corrected and when grades are corrected from (1) the lowest degree, and (3) the highest degree. The highest value (72) and the lowest value (24) with a hypothetical mean for each of them (48). Since the current research aims to reveal self-disclosure and its relationship to some psychological variables, so it requires the researchers to prepare an objective form that is honest and consistent, specifying the most common (psychological) variables. The research on the results showed that postgraduate students who have master’s and doctoral degrees have self-disclosure, and there are differences in self-disclosure between the master’s and doctorate studies and in favor of doctoral students. In terms of the type of self-disclosure, it was found:
1. Master's degree students tend to disclose the type of blind and hidden
2. PhD students tend to disclose anonymously
3. Both degrees (master's and doctorate) participate in self-disclosure of a clear type
There is also a difference in the psychological variables for postgraduate students studying for master's and doctorate degrees. And that students of MA and PhD degrees are more affected by psychological changes than students. In terms of the effect of psychological variables, it was found:
4. Master's degree students are affected by cognitive variables (remembering and paying attention), sentimental (anger and jealousy), and external psychological control
5. PhD students are affected by cognitive variables (comprehension), emotional (excitement), and internal psychological control.
6. There is a positive relationship between self-disclosure and psychological variables

Social networking sites such as "Facebook, Twitter, Telcram, and Viber" occupied a larger part of the interests of many people, but rather a part of their daily lives, they communicate daily through virtual space with their friends anywhere near or on the edges of the earth, friendships that are not separated by political, national or systemic borders. Some of these friends devote more time to these friends than they do to their traditional friends outside the Internet, and these sites and the like have revolutionized human relations and contributed to the events of great social change. The negative trends that social media networks sometimes pose constitute psychological, educational and social problems, especially for their youth users.
Users of social networking sites are classified into many categories. There are people who use their real names, well-known pictures, ages, and city, and there are those who use these sites to support their work and increase their effectiveness and deliver their scientific, intellectual and cultural messages, such as artists, university professors, doctors, media professionals, politicians or businessmen. And all other slides. In our research, we will address the following themes:
First: The problem, importance, objectives, limits and concepts of the research.
Second: Theoretical trends and previous studies on the subject.
Third: Methodological procedures for field research.
Fourth: Findings, recommendations and proposals.

The present research aims to know the the type of the ontological presence (original -unoriginal )the students in University of Mosul )who suffer from the parental deprivation because of death . Thus the community of the research has been chosen. An intentional random sample is used (100 students at colleges of university of Mosul. The researcher depended on Fromm's theory of the original ontological presence, and she prepared a scale to achieve the aim.The results showed that the sample enjoyed an original ontological presence but with a great deviation from the medium. This emphasizes the big contrast among the subjects of the sample. Thereupon, the researcher made some recommendations and suggestions.

One of the most important features of the current era is the diversity of knowledge, its division, the increase in its destiny, on the one hand, and the multiplicity of needs and the variation of its priorities in a way that is commensurate with the requirements of modernity and contemporary reality, which constitutes a great challenge to the educational system, including what is supposed to be distinguished by its educational and scientific cadres in the various specializations, including the specialization of neighborhoods, especially for clients With the preparatory study stage, because of their importance, two of them do not disagree on building the personality of the learners in one of their most important developmental stages, and that is what they have in terms of their creativity and transient motivation in performing their scientific and educational tasks. P current searches with 1. Identify the creativity of teachers of biology teachers in the middle school.
2. Disclose the differences in the creative motivation of teachers of biology teachers in the preparatory stage according to the gender variable (male - female).
To achieve this, the researcher prepared a biometric scale for creative motivation after statistical analysis by extracting discriminatory strength and internal consistency and extracting his psychometric properties from honesty and consistency as it is in its final form of (30) paragraphs and response alternatives (applies to me completely, applies to me often, applies to me sometimes, applies to me, applies to me Rarely, it never applies to me) as it was applied to a sample consisting of(Paragraph and response alternatives (it applies to me completely, applies to me often, applies to sometimes, applies to me rarely, never applies to me) as it was applied to a sample of (150) biology teachers and schools in middle schools who were chosen randomly and using the T value of a sample One and the T-test for two independent samples showed the results that the teachers of biology at the preparatory stage enjoyed motivation, while the differences were not statistically significant in the creative motivation according to the gender variable, and the research came out with a set of recommendations and proposals.

The current research aims to identify the aggressive behavior of a sample of students in the elementary stage in the city of Mosul after the occupation of ISIS and that from the teacher's point of view, the aggressive behavior scale was built by following the scientific methodology in preparing and applied electronically to the research sample consisting of (173) students Of them (74 males and 99 females) from fourth, fifth and sixth grades of elementary school in Mosul city schools, the study also aimed to identify the differences in the hostile behavior of the research sample according to the variable of sex, grade and the loss of a family member. The results of the research showed that there is a low level of behavior. Aggressive among the research sample in general, and there were differences in the study variable according to the gender variable and in favor of males, and there were no significant differences in the aggressive behavior according to the school stage, as well as there were differences in the study variable in favor of the one who lost one of his family members, a number of recommendations and proposals were mentioned for approval On the search results.

The importance of this research is focused on an important segment of Iraqi society that has experienced crisis, calamities, and a lack of feeling of security, tension and anxiety. Today, existential anxiety is one of the most prominent types of anxiety, which is associated with factors of threaten human security and safety, such as bloody conflicts and fierce wars, and the resulting destruction and chaos. As the research aimed to identify the level of feeling of existential anxiety among middle school students displaced to the Kurdistan region / Erbil and its relationship to some variables (gender, specialization, economic aspect, residence type, displacement period).
The sample included 480 male and female students who were chosen in the random and equal class method from the fifth intermediate class students, for the academic year (2019-2020) distributed on (16) secondary and high schools, eight of which are for males and eight for females, at the rate of (240) males and (240) females. The researchers prepared a tool to measure existential anxiety consisting of (35) items, and formative and apparent validity was verified, as well as the stability of the instrument was checked by retesting, where the stability coefficient reached (0.82) and Pearson correlation coefficient and T-test for one and two samples were used as statistical means. The results showed:
Displaced middle school students have a higher level of natural sense of existential anxiety.
The presence of statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) according to the gender variable and in favor of males.
The absence of statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) according to the specialty variable.
The presence of a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) depending on the residence variable and in favor of camp residents.
The presence of a statistically significant difference at the level of significance (0.05) according to the income variable and for the benefit of those with low incomes.
The presence of a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) according to the variable of displacement period and in favor of the displaced for two years and less.
The presence of a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) according to the variable of destroyed houses and in favor of the owners of the destroyed houses.

The study aims to identify the level of psychological rebellion among the students of Tikrit University first and also identify the level of psychological rebellion according to the gender variable, and the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach, and for the purpose of reaching the goals the researcher adopted the psychological rebellion scale for (Al-Amiri, 2013) and after making sure Its metric characteristics are applied to the main sample that was chosen by the random stratified method. The sample size reached (300) male and female students, and after obtaining the data and statistically processing the results, there was an average level of psychological rebellion among university students, as well as a statistically significant difference between the male The females were in favor of males, it has been interpreted in accordance with the results of previous studies and theoretical framework, and finally the study concluded the drafting of a set of recommendations and proposals that would reduce the effects of this phenomenon on the students in particular and society in general.

That mental illnesses are many and numerous, and all of these diseases have their causes and treatment, and among these diseases is the panic disease, as many studies have shown that about (10-20%) of people have experienced panic, which is a sudden bout of phobia that dominates the thinking of the individual as these activate Thoughts when remembering a situation, an accident or a painful experience, which doubles the heartbeat and increases the level of adrenaline in the blood, as the bad thoughts and frustrated feelings strengthen each other, which leads the individual to lose these disturbing thoughts associated with stress and thus panic appears in the form of attacks of sudden physical signs and loss Awareness, however, that there are some treatments that limit these diseases, especially the technique that was reached by chance by a doctor with an incurable disease, which is a method of desensitization to rapid eye movement, as this method is considered one of the effective methods in treating trauma and negative thoughts, as the spread of This technique is widely used and has shown a strong effect with good results for people with mental illness
The current research goal is to know the effect of rapid eye movement desensitization for panic patients, and to achieve this goal the researchers formulated the hypothesis: There are no statistically significant differences between the average ranks of the pre-test scores and the average ranks of the post-test scores for people with panic disease diagnosed by doctors on a sample consisting of (10 (Patients, if the EMDR method was applied to this sample, as the program consisted of ten sessions with three sessions per week with eight steps. The experimental method was applied with pre and post testing, and the results of the study showed the effect of the program, i.e. reducing negative thoughts and tension from the research sample and through the results of The research The two researchers reached a number of recommendations and proposals.

The study of psychological pressure on individuals is one of the important topics that occupied the minds of scientists and researchers in the field of psychology, education and various human sciences, because it leaves devastating results in the lives of individuals. Identifying the psychological pressures of terrorism victims in the camps for the displaced. Second, identifying the significance of the differences according to the gender variation. The current research community consisted of terrorism victims in the camps for the displaced (Debagah camp in Kirkuk governorate for the current year (2018-2019). The study sample consisted of (60) displaced victims of terrorism by (30) males and (30) females were They are randomized. Statistical methods were used to extract the results T-test for one sample to measure psychological stress, as well as finding the differences between the arithmetic mean of the scale and the mean. The hypothesis and the final test of two independent samples to find the differences between male and female for the measure of psychological pressure. Where the current research reached the following results that the members of the research sample have psychological pressures, there are significant differences.
Statistics on the level of psychological stress between males and females, and females the highest level of males. The two researchers recommend:
The need to pay attention to the victims of terrorism and provide them with material and moral support, the necessity of holding seminars and discussion seminars on providing psychological support to the displaced, and the researchers presented a set of proposals including highlighting the importance of strategies for dealing with psychological stress in the lives of individuals in general and victims of terrorism in particular by providing seminars with specialists and raising awareness IDPs with guidance methods that help them to overcome the difficulties in their lives and provide them with expertise and information that makes them more able to face difficulties and adapt to them, as well as coordination with institutions working in the field of psychological support and With the aim of social programs to provide more psychological support for community groups in general, including the displaced, in particular.

The aim of this research is to identify the Internet addiction for the intermediate school students, the reasons and the treatments, and was based on the definition of (Ward,2000) in the construction of the scale, which is of (20) paragraph, has been verified the characteristics of the psychometric measure of the discriminatory force and check the validity of the tool (0.80) and in the internal consistency method Alpha Kronbach (0.78). The researcher applied the standard to the middle school students in Wasit governorate / Azizia district. The sample was selected by the random stratified method of the Azizia Directorate of Education for the year Study (2018/2019), has The researcher used the statistical bag (SPSS) to measure the concept of his research, and the results of the research that the students have addiction to the Internet, and that there are differences of statistical significance according to the gender variable and for the benefit of male students.

The research aims to identify the impact of psychological capital and its reflection in the management of organizational crises in the Office of the Ministry of Youth and Sports. Psychological capital as an independent variable with four important dimensions (self-efficacy, hope, flexibility, optimism) in addition to three dimensions representing the adopted variable organizational crisis management (speed of response decision, communication and information flow, mobilization and resource mobilization) and formed a sample To search (203) Director (Section, Division, Unit) and distributed them included a questionnaire (32), paragraph, In light of this, data were collected and analyzed and hypotheses were tested using SPSS using a number of statistical methods including arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, coefficient of determination and variance test.
The research concluded that psychological capital contributes significantly to the development of further developments and support for the development of creative capabilities of the ability to make decisions and solve problems and avoid crises and properly manage them, and enhance communication and risk-taking, and the ability to change as well as encourage creativity.
. The research recommends investing the impact of psychological capital in crisis management and in order to enhance the ministry's adoption of values, ideas and goals in order to consolidate the voluntary behaviors represented by personal relations and dedication to work.

Islam has been concerned with guiding man to what brings him comfortable living in this worldly life and winning the approval of his Lord in the hereafter, by performing his role in this life, as the interest, happiness and dignity of man is linked to the responsibility of seeking to establish God's justice and the values of revelation in the universe.
Social responsibility is the basis that a person must be fully aware of, so he must be aware of the factors that help him to advance them in the best way, and also be aware of the factors that distract him from working with them.
The first generation comprehended the calls of responsibility, held them and acted upon them, thus constructing a civilization that people testify to their superiority. As for the long term for those who inherited the Qur’an and moved away from its approach, they lost their effectiveness, and their condition deteriorated.
One of the most prominent diseases suffered by Muslims, individuals and groups - far from the guidance of revelation - their disavowal of their responsibilities, which made them lag behind the ride of civilization, so they needed to reactivate them, by enlightening them and reminding them of the factors that push them to fulfill their responsibilities in order to be free from backwardness and impotence, proceeding in the performance of their mission Entrusted to them, namely, the succession of the land and building civilization.
Therefore, it is not better than referring to the divine revelation and the prophetic guidance to identify the reality of responsibility and activate the human being through both sides of consciousness and action.
The Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, activated these two aspects - awareness and action - in his honorable companions, may God be pleased with them all, and they excelled in bearing this trust, and they gave us the most wonderful examples of bearing responsibility towards their Creator, the Almighty, and their Prophet (), themselves and the entire society.
Hence, these principles motivated me to write a paper in the statement of the theory of social responsibility, indicating the vision and originality of Islam, citing what came from an honorable prophet's guidance to young people to correct their behavior and morals and fortify their minds and ideas to be bearers of responsibility in all its forms.
As for the contemporary vision of the concept of social responsibility, it was confined to the date of the emergence of this theory with a brief mention of it in proportion to this research ().
I have made the title of my research in this regard (social responsibility between the Islamic vision and the contemporary vision - the youth as a model).

The issue of peaceful coexistence is among the most important topics that have become concerned with specialists in many human and social sciences, and it is also one of the most important issues that concern politicians, leaders of states and social elites at the global level, especially after the media openness and the development of means of communication, social communication, media and the spread of satellite channels In all parts of the world.
Also, the spread of racist ideas that confiscate the ideas of others and prevent them from freely and democratically expressing them, and terrorist and expiatory movements, all of this has contributed to the increase in wars between states or within one country in a significant number of countries of the world, all of this is among the most important factors that drive us Interest in spreading the values and culture of peaceful coexistence and tolerance in all societies, and strengthening all conditions and capabilities that can contribute to the consolidation of those values among individuals in the same society and between societies with each other, and at the same time addressing all challenges and obstacles that may act as obstacles and disincentives to spreading values Peaceful coexistence in the world.
And because of what the Iraqi society is going through from a critical stage that requires intensifying efforts and capabilities in order to rebuild and develop the Iraqi society after a long phase of fighting terrorism and intellectual extremism, and after the great material losses and very high human sacrifices, this stage requires all of us to stand with one hand In order to restore social cohesion and solidarity among the sons of the Iraqi society, and among those efforts that we must take care of is to re-establish the values and culture of peaceful coexistence among the members of Iraqi society, and for these efforts to be successful and successful, we must know the challenges that could stand in the way of peaceful coexistence in Iraq, so this research comes in order to study and understand those challenges and obstacles that represent factors of demolition in Iraqi society, and to address and get rid of them so that Iraqi society returns as it was previously a striking example in coexistence and tolerance between all its components that have coexisted with each other for thousands of years.

The aim of the research is to know (the impact of the mind maps strategy on developing critical thinking among students of the Arabic Language Department in the colleges of basic education in the subject material), and to achieve the research goal the researchers formulated the null hypothesis (there is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average The degrees of achievement of students of the experimental group who study the subject of the presentations according to the mental maps, and between the average levels of achievement of the students of the control group who study the subject of the method prevailing in the test (critical thinking).
The researchers intentionally chose the College of Basic Education / Al-Mustansiriya University as a sample for their research, and by random drawing method, Hall (1) and the number of its students were selected (35) students to represent the experimental group, and Hall (2) and the number of students (32) students, to represent the control group and thus the research sample formed Of (59) male and female students, the researchers rewarded between the two research groups in the two variables of previous cognitive achievement and intelligence, and they adopted the California Test (2000) for critical thinking as a measure to measure critical thinking for the two research groups, and they used the appropriate statistical means for their research.
The result of the research showed that there is a difference of statistical significance at the level of significance (0.05) for the benefit of the experimental group. In light of the research result, the researchers concluded several conclusions, and recommended several recommendations, and they proposed several proposals.

The current study aimed at the empirical verification of some hypotheses of the Solaimanya theory of social and emotional learning disabilities as a new Arab discourse in the Egyptian environment for primary school pupils through modeling the causal relationships between them and checking the possibility of arriving at a causal structural model that explains the nature of the relationship between independent variables (lack of processing and social reconciliation) , And emotional, and control of the right brain type), and the dependent variable (and social and emotional learning disabilities) among the study sample. The sample consisted of (500) male and female students in the elementary stage in some schools of the Great Educational Administration in Ismailia Governorate, Arab Republic of Egypt, by applying a diagnostic assessment scale for social and emotional learning disabilities, image (the primary stage), prepared by/ Solaiman Abdel Wahed (2020), and a measure of the ability to process and process information Social and emotional preparation/ researcher, and testing Styles of learning and thinking (Picture A) Prepared by/ Torrance et al. (1979), translated and prepared by the Egyptian environment/ Anwar Riad and Ahmed Obada (1986), the study was reached through modeling the structural equation using the analysis of touch See a structural (causal) model that explains and explains the influencing relationships and pathways between inadequate provision and social and emotional treatment, right-brain dominance, and social and emotional learning disabilities among individuals of the study sample (primary school pupils) in the Egyptian environment, after testing the proposed structural model.

The study aimed to identify the degree of Palestinian universities do their part in building a knowledge society from the standpoint of Al Quds Open University Nablus branch members.
To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used the descriptive approach, and access to the necessary data, by preparing a questionnaire consisting of two parts: The first consisted of demographic information is gender, academic degree, work experience, age, specialization, and educational stage.
The second part is composed (54) items questionnaire which was distributed to a survey sample from the members teaching staff at Quds Open University Nablus branch of (52) which is equivalent to a rate (25.1%) of the study population.
The results showed that the role of the Palestinian universities in building a knowledge-based society from the point of a sample of Al Quds Open University Nablus branch members view came with an average of (3.09) which is equivalent to (62%), and this shows that the role of the Palestinian universities in building a knowledge-based society from a sample of Al Quds open University academic staff Nablus branch members view was high.
The results also show that there are differences statistically significant differences in the role of the Palestinian universities in building a knowledge-based society from the point of a sample of Al Quds Open University academic staff at Nablus branch members due to the variable (age) where it was statistically significant at the significance level (α = 0.05), while It shows that there is no statistically significant differences attributable to the variables (gender, academic degree, scientific expertise and specialization).
In light of the findings the researcher recommends the following:-
1) Activating the partnership between the university and local and regional institutions, knowledge and mutual benefit base. 2) Focusing on scientific research that targets specific needs of the community, and to benefit from the scientific research produced by universities and international research centers , and to be modified to suit the needs of the community.
3) Openness to the world and to communicate with advanced universities and scientific research centers to keep up with scientific development and progress.
4) Interest in the deployment and employment of information technology and its application in various areas of life, and provide a variety of knowledge sources such as electronic libraries and incantation, providing data and statistics serve the community base.

The research summarizes by studying the role of civil society organizations in achieving sustainable development, especially in areas emerging from conflict and armed conflict, and we have chosen the Nineveh Center for Consultation and Research as a model from several civil society organizations working within the province of Nineveh and trying to get acquainted with its programs and goals and who are the target groups of training and knowing the results Achieved on the ground in a city that was subjected to war and destruction and where people suffered from many types of tragedies and calamities. This governorate, which fell under the control of the terrorist organization with extremist religious thought, has suffered from conflicts and manifestations of violence and irritability As well as from military operations during the liberation process, and its residents have suffered from killing, abuse, loss, loss and intimidation, as it is the most urgent area for human building operations before building the city, and to achieve the goals of sustainable development, there must be a broad partnership that brings together governments, citizens and civil society organizations, and the goals of sustainable development are many. The Nineveh Center for Consultation and Research has worked to contribute to achieving some of them, such as supporting education and gender equality, and seeking to advance Nineveh Governorate as a sustainable city, and contribute to achieving peace and justice and strong institutions through training programs, building human capabilities, and endeavors. It is necessary to hold partnerships to achieve the goals: such as free training of state employees and various fields in a manner that serves peace projects, peaceful coexistence and good planning to achieve a sustainable city.

Child labor is a reality of living, extended and continuous, and it is one of the most prominent and most dangerous social phenomena that threaten the future of children in the entire world and the Arab region in particular. The exploitation of children to carry out work that does not fit their physical and psychological capabilities has implications for the safety, health and well-being of the child, and it also has a great impact on the upbringing and development of future generations. The prevalence and growth of the phenomenon of child labor, on the other hand, is a growing concern and global concern about its presence and penetration in other societies. The celebration of the International Day to Combat Child Labor on June 12 of each year is a clear indication of the international lack of acceptance of this reality. Childhood, as the most important stage of human development, deserves all care and attention to the details of education, not the stage of fatigue and misery, in addition to all that may be exposed to it from exploitation, violence and mistreatment. In the labor market and presenting proposals and solutions that, when implemented, can reach reducing numbers and reducing the percentage of children in a marke The labor market and presenting proposals and solutions that, when implemented, can reach reducing numbers and reducing the percentage of children present in the labor market. These occasions are also an opportunity to acknowledge the very slow progress in obtaining the desired results and a call to accelerate finding solutions to address the root of the problem.

The aim of study is to testify the statistical hypotheses concerning the significant differences between opinion of high school teachers toward despair, fear of death and life orientation in the Kurdistan region according to the variables of the study. The population and the sample of the research consists of (306) teachers in the city of Zakho, which have been selected randomly. The researchers used 3 prepared questionnaires include of (40) items. The results of the research showed that members of research's sample don't suffer from despair and fear of death and negative life orientation; also there is no statistical significant differences among their opinion about study's main variables according to the variables of specialization, years of service, if teachers parents alive and live with them, and number of their families members, and a statistical significant differences among them has been seen according to the variable of gender and in the benefit of female teachers in all main variables, and age, in the benefit of the (23-29) group in the variable of fear of death, and also according to factor of teacher's social position and in the benefit of unmarried teachers, and in the teachers economic position, in the benefit of teachers poor economic position, according despair and life orientation variables, and according to diploma, in the benefit of teachers who have bachelors, in the sense of despair.

The current research aims to answer the following questions
1-How widespread are the dangers of intellectual extremism among students at Tikrit University?
How widespread is the closed monovision among tikrit university students? 2-
3-Is there a relationship between the dangers of intellectual extremism and the one-sided closed visions of tikrit university students?
The research sample included 540 students from Tikrit University from the Faculties of Arts and Medicine and were randomly surveyed aged 20-26 years. The research tool was two measures: the scale of intellectual extremism numbers (Alaa al-Rawashida 215) and the one-vision scale prepared by Rushdi Mansouru Kaddouri Hanafi (1994) and the results indicated any prevalence of intellectual extremism among students of Tikrit University, as well as the spread of single-vision closed to them. The emergence of a function relationship between the two current research variables, namely intellectual extremism and monovision among university students, has produced a set of recommendations and proposals.

Abstract: This study aims to identify resistance to temptation as a Mediator in the relation between types of mood and internet addiction in university students. The sample for the study consisted of (300) students, they are chosen by using random style with equal distribution. In order to measure this aim, the research adopted scales for resistance to temptation, types of mood and internet addiction. The results of the study refers to there are have types of mood (fearfulness, distress and anger) and Internet addiction in university students, but there are not have that resistance to temptation. As well as that lack of resistance to temptation plays the role of the mediator variable in the relationship between types of mood and internet addiction in university students.

The era of modernity and globalization has imposed on the human being many problems and troubles, so we find many young people throwing themselves into the world of loss and destruction due to their resort to narcotic substances of all kinds. However, the process of building any modern state must be accompanied by the process of building the person in that country and its numbers to meet the challenges of the age, so the degree of progress It is not measured by the natural and material resources that societies have. Rather, progress also depends on the human forces capable of making progress and exploiting natural resources in the best way. The current research aims to: -
1- Measuring the symptoms of drug addiction among the individuals who have been admitted to the Ibn Al-Rushd Psychiatric Hospital in Baghdad.
2- Preparing a therapeutic psychological program (behavioral-cognitive) based on the application of the technique of positive self-talk based on the theory of the scientist Meichenbaum, which was adopted by the current research
3- Reducing symptoms of drug addiction.
. This is done by testing the following hypotheses:
1- There are no statistically significant differences at a significance level (0.05) between the scores of the control group members in the pre and post tests on the drug addiction symptom scale.
2- There are no statistically significant differences at a significance level (0.05), between the scores of the experimental group members in the pre and post tests on the drug addiction symptoms scale before and after applying the positive self-talk technique.
3- There are no statistically significant differences at a significance level (0.05) between the scores of the members of the experimental and control groups in the post-test on the drug addiction symptom scale after applying the positive self-talk technique.
The research is also determined by the individual reviewers and patients at Ibn Al-Rushd Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases to Combat Addiction in Baghdad. And their number (20)

The process of re-development of colleges of education has become an urgent necessity in most countries of the world, including in Iraq, especially after the emergence of variables and the existence of reasons for development, including "population growth, changes in political systems and their philosophy, and external cultural influences", as well as the educational challenges facing education, and perhaps Among the most important of these challenges are the following: economic challenges such as (the high cost of education, the labor market and educational outcomes, and insufficient funding allocated to educational institutions), social challenges such as (increasing population growth rates, globalization, accompanying challenges and changes in the family climate), and technical challenges such as (He introduced educational curricula, the lack of professional and training growth programs for teachers, and the centralization of educational decision-making), and technological challenges such as (the emergence of modern technologies, the emergence of modern means of mass communication such as the information network, the educational iPad, electronic book ... etc.). All of these challenges and many more have made the process of developing Faculties of Education inevitable.
Therefore, the research tries to address the answer to the following question: How is the way towards developing colleges of education in Iraq in terms of the reality in which they live, and what are the future visions that are hoped to keep pace with the progress in the world and to reach the quality of these colleges ??
From this question, three sub-questions are divided as follows:
1- What is the reality of colleges of education in Iraq and what are their most important problems?
2- What are the features of the aspired vision for developing colleges of education in Iraq?
3- What are the foundations of realizing the future vision for developing colleges of education in Iraq?

The time of the important resources of rare and precious for any organization because it represents an element of the production process elements, and need permanent organizations to invest their resources effectively to achieve the goals that have established for it, it must invest time in the organization in an effective manner as one of the resources available, and the current study focused on the waste indicators Time, and poor investment through frequent telephone calls and preoccupation with visitors and family and social problems and their reluctance to install their tasks with a daily record of planning and organizing their educational and educational performance . The current study aimed to measure The level of waste of time among teachers and teachers in primary schools , and the researcher built a measure of wasting time Which will be in its final form (39) paragraph, having been as extraction sincerity and distinction paragraphs were as yet abscess validity and reliability of the scale using appropriate statistical methods, and after the measure was applied to a sample of statistical analysis amounting to (400) teachers, as well as dish researcher The sample on the final application sample of (200) is marked and marked Which was chosen by the method of random class , and the study found that the measure of time wasting , has good Sicometric characteristics, and a high level of Wasting time I have a research sample , And the presence of a gender impact Measurement The level of waste of time and for the benefit of sample parameters , and the presence of years of scientific experience in the waste of time For the first category , The study recommended the use of the scale by the Ministry of Education and principals of primary schools , The study suggested A similar study on school principals and comparing its results with the results of the current study , And the construction of educational educational program in order to enlighten teachers and teachers on the importance of time and not wasting it during work in elementary schools .

The research aimed to identify the dynamics of effective classroom management in secondary schools from the perspective of faculty members
The descriptive analytical method was used, and the research community was determined by the faculty members in secondary schools of both sexes. The study sample reached (256) individuals.
To achieve the results of the research, a tool (questionnaire) consisting of (22) items was prepared as a tool to know the directors' attitudes. The tool was judged by a number of specialists to ensure its reliability and reliability.
Statistical Processing:
After the field application of the research tool, the data and data were unloaded and analyzed statistically with the adoption of manual discharge of open responses.
Key Findings:
Weak class management dynamics. The average score of the sample was (21,654) with a standard deviation of (7,732) which is smaller than the theoretical average of the questionnaire (44).

The goal of the current research is to evaluate the science book for the sixth grade of elementary school, which is decided by the Iraqi Ministry of Education according to the science standards for the next generation (NGSS). To achieve this goal, the researchers prepared a list of three dimensions: scientific and engineering practices, comprehensive concepts and basic ideas. The basic ideas included four areas: life sciences, physics and science Earth, space, engineering and technology, and twenty-seven standards and indicators for standards, numbering (154) indicators, which included examples of criteria indicators, then the two researchers analyzed the content of the science book for the sixth primary scheduled for the academic year (2018-2019) in light of this criterion with a total of 247 pages analyzed The two researchers adopted the explicit and implicit idea in the analysis and gave an evaluation description of the unfulfilled standards in the book with activities, examples and questions related to the content of the science book for the sixth grade. The two researchers reached conclusions that the science textbook for the sixth grade of elementary school achieved a percentage of (59.86%), and this percentage is considered medium compared to the ratios adopted by the researchers, as the book achieved (91) paragraphs out of (152) paragraphs.

Programs developed on the basis of teaching skills require applicants during the period of training before graduation to reach a specific level of teaching performance as a condition for the practice of the teaching profession in the future. The aim of the present research is to find out the level of performance of applied students from the point of view of the supervisors of the Faculty of Basic Education, Department of Mathematics, the research sample consisted of (67) students from the Department of Mathematics, the fourth stage of the academic year 2018-2019 The researcher used the t-test for one sample and the results showed that there are statistically significant difference for the performance of the applied student in favor of the arithmetic mean for the general level of performance of students applying for teaching skills , as well as the presence of statistically significant differences for the arithmetic mean, however, was particularly good in the skill of managing teaching performance.

The study aimed to identify the priorities of educational planning to draw future plans in light of the available capabilities from the point of view of supervisors, school administrators and teachers. The study sample consisted of (180) supervisors, administrators and teachers, within the Nineveh Education Directorate in Iraq, and for the application of the study the researchers prepared the study tool represented by (35) paragraphs divided into five areas: the field of school administration, the field of school curricula, the field of educational technology, the field of teacher preparation, the field of evaluation, The results of the study showed that the field of teacher preparation was ranked first with the highest arithmetic average of (2.64), while the field of school administration came in the last rank with an arithmetic average of (1.94), and the arithmetic average for the total score was (2.30). There are statistically significant differences at the level of significance (a = 0.05) due to the views of both the supervisor and the school principal and the teacher in all fields except for the field of teacher numbers and in the overall degree. There are statistically significant differences (a = 0.05) between a teacher and a supervisor and the differences came in favor of the supervisor in the field of school administration and the field of school curricula.There are statistically significant differences (a = 0.05) between a supervisor and a manager and the differences came in favor of the manager. And the presence of statistically significant differences (a = 0.05) between a teacher on one side and each supervisor and a director on the other hand and the differences came in favor of the teacher in the field of educational technology. And the presence of statistically significant differences (a = 0.05) between a supervisor and a manager and the differences came in favor of the manager in the field of evaluation. There are statistically significant differences (a = 0.05) attributable to the impact of the certificate in all fields and in the overall degree with the exception of the field of educational technology, and the field of teacher preparation and the differences came in favor of the bachelor. And the absence of statistically significant differences (a = 0.05) due to the effect of experience and gender in all fields.

The research aims to demonstrate the importance of connecting education to technological development, and the process of student use of such technology.
The educational institution achieves the specific goals of acquiring skills and knowledge through inputs and in order to reach outputs that make the leaner work smoothly and in an effective and analytical manner and not in the manner of memorization which requires a great time and effort ,and over time the learner is likely to forget it most .
Moreover, the use of cognitive intelligence reduces the cognitive burden and allows review a large amount of formation that can be obtained from the computer automatically and quickly so that the learner uses it as information or uses it in analysis and inference.

The graduation research presented by the student is the fruit or outcome of the fruit of the science, arts, skills, information, methods and teaching methods during his four years of university study. The field of Islamic sciences doubles its efforts and responsibilities as it presents a problem that is essentially a religious one linked to the living life of the people, whether this is an intellectual, social or moral problem .... What makes it imperative for the student to be very restrictive and careful when dealing with these issues, as well as other difficulties faced, whether related to the curriculum and vocabulary and methods and methods of teaching received or whether related to the level of university students. Therefore, this study comes as an attempt to reveal these difficulties that the university student is exposed to in the field of Quranic Sciences and Islamic Education when writing scientific research. The objectives of the current research target the following:
1- Difficulties related to the student in preparing the graduation research project.
2-Difficulties related to faculty members in preparing a graduation research project.
3-Difficulties related to the subjects in preparing the graduation research project
4-Difficulties related to the management of the college and the department in the preparation of annotation research graduation.
5-Difficulties related to scientific specialization Quranic sciences and Islamic education in the preparation of a research project
The research was limited to students in the early morning studies from Anbar University College of Education for Girls and College of Education based and Education for Humanities for the academic year (2018 - 2019), where the size of the research sample (100) students. To achieve the objectives of the present research, the researchers extracted the statistical characteristics of the two measurements (the distinction and difficulty of the paragraphs, and the reliability of the two measurements) and after analyzing the data using the appropriate statistical methods. The current research has reached the following results
There are varying difficulties in writing scientific research by each of the areas identified in the research scale.

In light of the change and technological development, the process of learning and education is witnessing major changes in all its fields. E-learning has freed the teaching and learning process from the constraints of time and space. Therefore, researchers and scholars have tended to benefit from all the technologies developed in order to employ them in the educational process, motivating the researcher to carry out her research tagged e-learning and its role in increasing the effectiveness of university teaching. The researcher adopted a tool for researching the questionnaire, which was prepared in the light of previous studies and literature and an exploratory sample consisting of (20) Individual and after identifying the paragraphs that represent the three axes that were included in the e-learning process, namely (planning and preparing for e-learning, e-learning patterns, e-learning applications) and after making sure of the truthfulness of the questionnaire and its stability and just Reach the final form, and the number of questionnaire items was (19) items distributed over the three axes, after which the tool was applied to a sample of (106) teaching and teaching staff. Statistical means: The most important statistical methods used are squared as any, Pearson correlation coefficient, weighted mean, and percentage weight.
Research Results: The results showed that there are (11) items that represent realized aspects distributed among the four areas in the questionnaire (8) items that represent unfulfilled aspects according to the responses of the two teachers. Recommendations: Providing an electronic study system that equals the courses given at university levels and providing it with electronic pictures and video clips to be a reference for all teachers.

Providing discipline in the classroom is one of the problems that concern the mind and mind of everyone who addresses the education process and at all levels, starting with the lower levels and up to the levels in postgraduate studies. Unacceptable and unwanted behavior on the one hand, and searching for the best patterns that must be followed for the success of the education process.
The teacher is considered at all levels the decisive factor in the effectiveness of the teaching and teaching process, it is he who organizes, manages and executes experiences to achieve the set goals and he must bear in mind that his success in his teaching and learning process is not complete to a full extent except by understanding learners' behavior and searching for effective methods and ideal patterns for implementation His plans.
Control behaviors are an important part of the educational process, and it is the essential part for the success of the teaching process, through the application of strategies that facilitate the occurrence of the best level of learning and personal growth among learners, by responding to academic needs.This study aimed to identify the academic control behaviors used by Iraqi university professorsAfter reviewing the literature and previous studies, the researchers prepared a scale for academic control behaviors consisting of (52) items.The researchers used the descriptive analytical method, and the study sample consisted of (100) teaching staff in the colleges of Tikrit University for the academic year 2019-2020, and the scale prepared for this purpose was applied, and the researchers used the following statistical means: Pearson correlation coefficient, Fakronbach equation, T-test for one sample.
The researchers reached a set of results, conclusions and recommendations.

The subject of this study revolves around the role of civil society in protecting the environment and achieving sustainable development that has preoccupied many scholars and writers, as this topic has not received its right to adequate attention and research.
With the development of human life, the need arose to discover the importance of the natural resources that were endowed to him to be used to satisfy his necessary needs, just as the human relationship with the environment evolved greatly and rapidly as a result of direct interaction with them, so the more a person progresses, the more problems will arise. Its primary raw form to the stage of converting resources into a usable form, especially in the industrial field, has increased pressure on the environment by increasing the goals it seeks to achieve from economic development .The developing world has lost nearly half a century the erroneous belief that development is about creating and multiplying material capital. Another half a century does not have to be lost in the belief that sustainable human development relates to natural capital. University experts, specialists, policymakers and United Nations officials, no matter how their intentions are clear and their ideas are common, they cannot prevent environmental degradation, for example. Rather, the only thing that can stop it is the ability of people to protect and defend their local environment against their own actions and those of external people. This means putting people first, by recognizing the importance of expanding their options and abilities. There is a need to integrate sustainable development and human development in a way that strengthens institutions at the local and national levels.

The aims of the research is known the effective of the flipped e – learning and the reinforced e – learning to the growth of the reflective thinking and the habits of mind at the students .
The sample is (75 ) students in the first class in the electrical techniques department in technical institute in Nasirriayh .
The subject is the theoretical electrical installation and the tools of the research are the reflective thinking test and the habits of mind test .
The in depended variables are the flipped e – learning and the reinforced e – learning and the depended variables are the reflective thinking and the habits of mind .
At first we applied the reflective thinking test and the habits of mind test and analysis their results and beginning teaching the control group by the traditional method and the first experimental group by the flipped e – instruction before the lecture and the second experimental group by the reinforced e – learning after the lecture to six weeks . After that we re - applied the reflective thinking test and the habits of mind test .
The finding is supremacy the second experimental group than the first experimental group and than the control group in the reflective thinking and the habits of mind .

The present study aimed at :
The Impact of the Learning Strategy in the Acquisition of Mathematical Concepts in Measurement and Evaluation in Students of the Faculty of Education / Ibn Rushd for Human Sciences To achieve the research objective, the following zero hypotheses were formulated:
1- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the average score of the students of the experimental group who study according to the strategy of the learning process, and the average score of the students of the control group who study according to the usual method of acquiring mathematical concepts.
2- There are no statistically significant differences at the level of (0,05) between the average of the students of the experimental group who are studying according to the strategy of the learning process and the average score of the students of the control group who study according to the usual method of acquiring mathematical concepts.
The current research sample is 80 students, 40 students, 40 students, 2018-2019, English / Faculty of Education, Ibn Rushd School of Humanities, Baghdad University
To achieve the research objective, the researcher conducted the following
- The construction of a post-writing achievement test consisting of (20) test paragraphs and after verifying the validity of the test and its stability and conducting the necessary statistical analysis.
The researchers used a set of statistical tools, including Pearson correlation coefficient, square Kaye, the equation of the effectiveness of the wrong alternatives, and the testing of the two independent samples.
After processing the data statistically, the results were as follows:
There are statistically significant differences in the post-achievement test for the experimental group and at the level of significance (0,05).
In the light of the results, the researchers recommended a number of recommendations and proposals.

The research aims to identify the effect of the Woods’ model in developing visual thinking for Fifth preparatory students, and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher followed the procedures of the experimental approach, as the researchers prepared educational plans according to the Woods model, after the researcher confirmed their validity by presenting them to a group of experts and arbitrators, prepared The two researchers used a test for visual thinking, after confirming its sincerity and reliability, the two researchers used the following statistical methods: (T-test for Two separate samples, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Alpha Cronbach's laboratory equation), and after analyzing the results statistically, the researchers reached the effectiveness of the Woods model in developing visual thinking, and through the results reached by the researcher, a number of recommendations and proposals were presented.

This research aims to identify: (the effect of the Trivinger model on the acquisition of Islamic concepts among fifth-grade students).
The researcher followed the experimental design with the two experimental and controlling groups with a pre- and post-test, as the researcher intentionally chose fifth-graders from the Al-Ghafran High School and Ibn Al-Mu'tam High School, as the research sample reached (71) students, as Al-Ghafran High School represented (36) students as the experimental group that studied the model Trivinger, and Ibn Al-Mu'tam High School (35) represented the control group that studied in the ordinary way.
The researcher built a test for acquiring Islamic concepts that included (30) test items of multiple choice, and after completing the application of the experiment, the researcher applied the research tool (the test of acquiring Islamic concepts) to the two research groups, and the results showed the following: The experimental group outperformed the control group in a test Acquire Islamic concepts.

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The reality of teaching the Arabic language rules is not satisfactory, as the pedagogical methods used do not help students develop their mental skills, especially critical thinking skills. They are often traditional in terms of teaching students, who are passive, passive, often passive, active, and often active, their listening task, and the teacher's task of narrating facts and judgments. It is a blind simulation student, a dependency on others, and a weak spirit of creativity, innovation, and opinion.
The opinions of educators and teachers almost agree on the reasons for students' weakness in learning the rules of Arabic, and that the reason lies in the way of teaching. The difficulty or the ease of the rules of Arabic does not lie in the same rules, but in the teaching method
The study was aimed at learning the impact of language pros on Arabic language proficiency and development of critical thinking among middle-grade students.
In order to achieve the two search goals, the two sub-researchers have developed the following two hypothmia:
—there is no statistically significant difference at an indication level (0.05) between the average scores of experimental group students who study using language. Among the average scores of control group students who study the traditional method of the dimensional test.
—there is no statistically significant difference at an indication level (0.05) between the average grade of the group's experimental students in the pre- and dimensional quiz in the critical thinking scale.
The search sample (63) students reached. The final sum of the sample to which the test will be applied (30) became students for each of the two research groups, and rewarded the researcher between the two groups in a set of variables.
The researcher has relied on two tools (the test of inquiry) and (the critical thinking test) and has extracted their cycometric properties.
The researcher used statistical methods (T/K Box/Pearson Link) .
The search resulted in the following results:
– a statistically significant difference for the experimental group in the dimensional test.
– there is a statistically significant difference in favor of a dimensional application of critical thinking testing.
In the light of the findings of the researcher, it is possible to conclude the following:
1. The use of language (language) contributes to the raising of the level of first grade students in Arabic grammar, as the results of the research show that the experimental group is superior to the control group.
Within the results of this research, which has shown a positive impact on the group's trial, the following recommendations can be made:
1. The adoption of an effective method of teaching Arabic grammar to middle grade students.
Following this research, the researcher suggests the following:
1. Conduct a similar study of current study in variables other than achievement such as: (Development of trends and trends, development of innovative thinking, critical thinking, and trend toward science).

The Abstract
The previous studies highlighted that, the mass migration, might lead to a conflict between displaced people and host community because of the variation of ethnic or social backgrounds. The current study investigates the role of self-categorization of mediates the well-being and prejudiced attitude. For this study, two different Ethnic groups were selected Arab and Kurdish nationality. The current investigation is to identify what extent self-categorization ‘overlap of self, In-group, and out-group’ could play important roles in addressing the issue of prejudice attitudes and well-being. Likewise, we aim to expand the work to look at self-categorization to identify the nature of the relations of these variables among Kurdish and Arabic nationalities. One hundred and seventy two individuals were chosen from both Arabic and Kurdish nationalities, aged 18 to 63 (M = 30 years, SD = 8.14). To measure self-categorization Inclusion of Other in Self (IOS) scale three-item measure each item includes 8 pictures were used and for measuring prejudice the implicit accusation test (IAT) program was used, and to measure Psychological well-being (PWB) Ryff scale were used that contend 42 items across six dimensions. The results show that both nationalities recorded significantly low levels of explicit prejudice on the self-report questioner. However, the participants’ shows greater prejudice scores on the implicit test. Also, our results showed that self-categorization play a significant role of mediating the relations between prejudiced attitude and Psychological well-being (PWB).

emotional crisis caused social problems, adventure, pleasure seeking, and a variety of other political and Adolescence because of certain physical and mental characteristics tend tolive in one of the most dangerous periods of substance abuse and riskybehaviors. One of the theoretical approaches in explaining the phenomenon of brainsystems and behavior. Individual differences in brain systems are based behavioral and emotionalreactions to different results of each activity. This study examined the relationship between brain systems and behavior inpredicting the likelihood of substance use and risky behaviors in adolescentswere male. Methods: This study was Ali, the events of 115 male adolescents aged 12 to 19 years were selected using random samplingAnd scale brain systems - behavior (BAS / BIS), Iranian Teens Risk Scale (IARS) and the readiness of addiction (IAPS) to complete .Results using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis anddescriptive statistics were analyzed.