Zanco Journal of Human Sciences

This research is a rhetorical reading in the shrines of Ayed Al-Qarni, the contemporary Islamic writer. The research consists of an introduction, two axes, an appendix and results. His literature and his statement in the service of preaching and spreading Islam, and the first axis is devoted to talking about declarative metaphors, starting by defining them in rhetorical blogs and showing their graphic value, Then we entered into analyzing models of the prophetic standing, the mandatory residency, the standardization of unification, and the modern residency to extract what is in it from metaphor not only by referring to metaphoric depiction, but also the general constructive analysis of the linguistic context in order to clarify its rhetorical dimensions, some of which are taken with the necks of some in achieving the coherence and interconnection of the text even Literary photography is more effective and more suggestive.
In the wake of the first axis, we started with the second axis, which we made restricted to spatial metaphor, walking on the same approach that we took in analyzing declarative metaphors, so we took evidence from the prophetic standing, cosmic residency, beauty residency, and scientific residency, and we dealt with rhetorical analysis of what expanded the field and found the pen, In the meantime, we have referred to some of the characteristics of the metaphor of filtering, stripping, and launching, and to some of its advantages of diagnosis and embodiment, whether it came in the context of talking about the beauty of nature and its paintings or what came in the context of talking about spirits and abstracts, and the search ended with an appendix investigating what was mentioned Of the metaphors of all kinds in the shrines of Ayed Al-Qarni, the conclusion came to summarize the most important findings of the research.

The research starts with a prologue about the two Sahihs (Bukhari and Muslim) and their position among the books of the Sunnah and the meaning of tyranny, then it talks about two holy hadiths in the two Sahihs, the first one: the common topic spread across the various parts of the world, especially Islamic countries, which is the tyranny of Muslim to Muslim, contempt and judgement of covering Muslim. The second: the issue of revenge of the oppressed if the oppressor’s money is available. The matter of hospitality and the host’s denying of hospitality and taking some money from the owner of the money as much as the visitor can save himself from hunger, scientists’ opinion about this issue, taking benefit from it and conclusion.

Health services is one of the activities and services that directly affect human life and the various settlements, and it has an active role in all fields of life. It is a clear indicator of human development in general and health development in particular. Therefore, responsible authorities and local and international health and humanitarian organizations must work in a new way to develop them. In order to provide the best health services and obtain them easily and equally for all members of society without discrimination.
The main objective of the research is to show how the distribution and efficiency of health services and spatial analysis of health centers in the district of Khabat, According to the health services data for 2019. It is worth mentioning that the research includes three axes, the first: the spatial distribution of health services, and the second: the spatial analysis of health centers in the study area, and the third: We discussed the functional efficiency of health services in the elimination of disappointments and the evaluation of services in terms of providing them fairly to the residents of the study area according to administrative units, and according to local and international standards.
With the aim of determining how cartography represents health services and analyzes them, the research relied on the geographic information systems program as a technological age in the field of geographic and service research.

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“Hiwa magazine˝, it’s a monthly cultural Kurdishnewspaper, issued in Baghdad city. Published by “yaney serkewtny kwrdan”. The first copy issued in july 1957, continued until 1963. 38 copies were issued withen six years. It is a pamphletpublishing historic researchs, news about different fields such as social, economy, political and cultural in Baghdad city and kurdistan, addition to poems and various articles. This research consists of an enterance and four chapters. Chapter one Interested in the life of Kurdish celebrities and personalities and their role in the political and cultural life in Kurdistan. Chapter two He is interested in Kurdish cities and villages and talks about their role in modern and contemporary Kurdish history.Chapter Three discusses about Kurdish struggle movement with the aim of achieving their national goals.Chapter Four Interested in the most important political and cultural activities in the city of Baghdad and Kurdistan between the years 1957-1963.

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A historical study, looking for the style of music in a particular era of the city of Erbil. The results of this study reveal the appearance of new methods or formulas and a significant contraction of the valuable methods of the city. The old methods of the city include night nights at homes and simple popular social events. The new methods are the establishment of music concerts on stage by music bands. The research also explains the phenomena and the reasons for the rise of these musical styles in the city of Erbil

This research deals with a cognitive topic on the ground of the knowledge relationship that exists between Facebook and university professors in the Kurdistan region, as it aims to reveal the trends of university professors in the Kurdistan region towards the scientific uses of Facebook, in order to realize a set of communicative habits and their motives, through access to these trends And what it is, which is basically the structural problem of this study. This is by obtaining field answers to the following questions:
• What are the scientific motives for university professors' use of Facebook?
• What are the academic groups that university professors communicate with for this purpose?
• What are the academic gratifications achieved by university professors' use of Facebook?
The research is considered an appropriate descriptive research to discover what its structural variables and the interconnections that bring together, that is, those variables, using the survey methodology to address its basic questions in the field, relying on the professors of human sciences at the University of Sulaymaniyah and Sulaymaniyah Technical University as a collective for research and comprehensive inventory, and its most important results are:
-The existence of a good relationship between university professors and the Facebook social network.
-The presence of good interactive experience among university professors regarding this social network, i.e. Facebook.

This research is titled (World view in the novel (Ewarai Prwana) by Bakhtiyar Ali from Lucian Goldman's perspective). The research is an attempt to shed light on an important and somewhat new topic in the world of Kurdish literary criticism, as it did not gain its special attention in Kurdish literary criticism. Originally literary works are an expression of the literary worldview.
The research includes four axes, in the first axis we talked about the concept of the worldview, and in the second axis we explained the concept of structuralism as a type of structuralism, while in the third axis we talked about the structuralist theory. In the last axis, we dealt with the vision of the world in the novel (Ewarai Prwana) from Lucian Goldman's perspective.

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This research entitled (Conceptual metaphor in the Kurdish language) is an attempt to show and display the traditional metaphors such as: time. The human body, health, diseases, animals, plants, devices and tools ... etc. Using the methods used by the conceptual metaphor. According to the cognitive linguistic method, it was first used by Lacoff and Johnson in the 1980s. The research consists of two main chapters:
The first chapter: The researcher tried hard in this research to study the conceptual metaphor in a theoretical framework, and in the second chapter the researcher tried to clarify the metaphorical concepts with illustrative and analytical examples. Research that we cannot live without them.

The aims of this research are attempting to scientifically pointing out the psychological problems that twelfth grade students encounter. The research is based on a quantitative research methodology, using a questionnaire in Erbil city. The research was conducted from 11 April to 15 Sep. 2020. The research sample consisted of 383 students from schools (public and private). The research findings illustrate that twelfth graders experience some psychological problems such as (Fear of Twelfth grade exams, Fear of twelve grade class and not passing with high marks, stress due to final exams questions style, and fear of failure and getting behind in education).

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions.
There are a several of important economic issues in Sura Quraish such as:
1. The importance of trade, especially foreign trade.
2. The role of foreign trade in economic development, food security and welfare.
3. The role of public security on economic development.
This research under the title “Economic Contemplations of Sura Quraish” will explain the important economic roles of Sura Quraish. It includes an introduction, two sections and conclusion:
The first section will illustrate the concept of trade, its legitimacy and types. Second section will study economic Contemplations of Sura Quraish and the most important of these economic Contemplations are:
1. The role of trade in economic development, especially foreign trade.
2. Consideration of supply and demand in foreign trade.
3. Foreign trade provides food security and well-being.
4. Worship in its narrow and wide sense is a reason for public security, food security and well-being.
5. Sura Quraish recognizes domestic trade.
6. Public security is the most important tool for achieving economic development.
7. The purposes of Surah Quraish is to achieve public security and provide happiness and prosperity in the life and hereafter.
The main findings of this research are:
1. Security and feeding are the most blessings that God gives to His slaves while, scare and starvation God Almighty will punish those who disbelieve with His grace.
2. Foreign trade plays a great role in economic development and in the provision of food security and welfare.
3. The law of supply and demand in foreign trade should be considered in the sense that foreign trade should be as long as necessary and be between period and period in order to balance supply and demand.
4. Economic development, food security and well-being are the most important objectives of the Islamic economy.
5. Public security is the most important instrument for achieving economic development and progress and, providing food security and welfare.

This paper examines the types and frequency of hedges written by Kurdish authors (KA) and English authors (EA) in different sections of English research articles in the field of linguistics during the period 2016-2018, based on the taxonomy of hedges proposed by Hyland (1998). Hence, a corpus of twenty research articles published in national and international journals were randomly selected and analyzed in terms of frequency and type. The choice of hedging devices is basically tactical since authors from both groups incline to use appropriate hedging strategies to express claims with accuracy, attention and humility. The results show that generally English authors use more hedges compared to Kurdish authors, this could be due to different cultural background, nationality, language proficiency and rhetorical differences between the two languages. English authors use lexical verbs, adverbs, adjectives and nouns in research articles more frequently than their Kurdish counterparts. The findings also provide some pedagogical implications for teachers in that they can employ various techniques to help students improve their ability in using hedging devices; they should also make students be aware of different types of hedging devices.

English and Kurdish are two morphologically different Indo-European languages. The first is the most analytic language among all of the European languages, while the second is an agglutinative, incorporating language. The paper concerns itself only with the standard dialects of the two languages, which are hypothesized to be different in the process of forming word. In this paper, an attempt is made to identify how many word-formation patterns occur in each language? Then, the paper aims at examining and contrasting where does English and Kurdish word formation resemble morphologically? And where do they differ? For this study, the data have been collected from various English and Kurdish sources and re-analyzed with reference to word formation in the two languages.

The current research is experimental which tries to investigate the EFL tertiary learners’ development level of the conversational listening skill through using multimedia materials depending on quantitative data collection and analysis.
Due to the fact that the 21st century learners have many ways of exposure to native and native-like listening authentic multimedia materials, instructors should indicate the effect of using such multimedia materials.
The study aims to find out the influence of multimedia on enhancing the learners’ conversational listening (sub-) skills in second-year learners at English Department/ College of Basic Education/ Salahaddin University-Erbil for academic year 2019-2020. For this reason, a quasi-experimental research design where a control group including 20 learners and an experimental group involving 20 learners were investigated. The researchers concentrated on teaching ten conversational listening sub-skills in their instructional course design.
The study findings revealed that the experimental group learners (taught via using multimedia materials) outperformed the control group participants (taught via using unimedium materials) in conversational listening skills based on the statistically significant difference between the results of the pre- and post-treatment tests estimated by a pair-samples t-test in SPSS.

One of the principles of cognitive linguistics and cognitive semantics is that human language is metaphorical in nature and meaning does not only reside in the linguistic items but also in the language users’ conceptualizations against the situations and events. Metaphor is one means of conceptualization. The cognitive semantic theory of metaphors is known as Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory. According to this theory, metaphor is a mental process of understanding one domain in terms of another. Based on this, the present study is an attempt to examine the ways via which the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been conceptualized in the Kurdish and English e-newspaper articles. The articles have been taken from the online English and Kurdish newspapers such as BBC, the New York Times, Rudaw, NRT, Kurdiu, Kurdistan24, and many others. It has been hypothesized that, like any other concepts, COVID-19 is metaphorically understood and its meaning does not only confine in the term. It has been concluded that this epidemic disease can be, based on the construals and perspectives the conceptualizers take, understood in terms of different concepts such as WAR, FIRE, ADVERSARY, GUEST, REVENGE, DARKNESS, JOURNEY, etc., each of which is based on the background of the subject matter of the online newspaper articles as well as culture and our experiences with COVID-19.

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Trying an analytical article from the Eco critical perspective is by no means an easy task especially its theoretical part since the term 'Eco critical' itself is a complicated concept to cover, let alone its still burgeoning status which demands close and continuous follow-up of the latest studies about the topic. Yet it is, simultaneously, an interesting task that firstly enlightens its writer about the significance of nature, and secondly it clears the path for future studies about the topic. The article tries to study some Romantic poems through the lens of ecocriticism because it hypothizes that some significant resemblance could be found between the purposes of the poems- and by extension their writers- on the one hand and Eco criticism as a theory or approach on the other hand. The study also refers in critical expressions, to such fields as environmental studies, green studies, and ecological studies, since they are connected in one way or another to the Eco critical approach. It covers three poems by the second generation Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) from an Eco critical perspective and at the end, reaches some conclusions the most obvious one being that, though lived and wrote much earlier to the environmental and Eco critical studies, his ideas and beliefs which are expressed in the studied poems reflect, to a great extent, what those studies about nature and the universe call for. The article is concluded with the list of works cited.

In this study, Soran District was selected as study area due to the fact that terrain elevation ranges between 361m and 3406m with many land use/land covers (LULC) types. The main objective of this study was to determine the impact of terrain over agricultural land use using GIS and RS techniques. Landsat 8 satellite imagery and DEM compose the main data for this study. Slope and elevation maps were derived from DEM using ArcGIS software and classified into six categories according to Zuidam Classification System. ERDAS Imagine software was also used to classify Landsat 8 satellite imagery in order to derive the LULC types of the study area. Slope, elevation, and LULC maps were overlaid on top of each other to determine the spatial relationship between slope, elevation and agricultural land use, pasture and forest. The final results indicate that there is a negative relationship between agricultural land use and slope. The steeper slope that area has, the less likely that agricultural land use will occur. 70% of the agricultural land use has slope of 0-18 degrees. On the other hand, there is a strong relationship between slope and forest. The more sloped the area is, the more likely to be the forest. It was determined that 80% of the forest in the study area has slope of 18-24 degrees. It was also found that 72% of the pasture has slope of 12-24 degrees. It was also found that 84% of the study area's elevation was over 900m. Elevation has also negative relationship with agricultural land use. This is the main reason that only 7% of the study area is used as agricultural land use. Results also indicate that 30% and 14% of the study area are pasture and forest.