Zanco Journal of Human Sciences

This paper deals with the issue of religious pluralism from the perspective of the Quran, and attempts to shed light on the Quran verses that emphasize religious freedom and religious pluralism. And to identify the extent of the Quran vision in the opening of intellectual fields of man, as well as to address religious differences in the light of the vision of the Quran. The statement of the divine wisdom of religious pluralism in different human societies. The researcher attempts to prove the issue of religious pluralism through the Quran verses, by emphasizing the age of difference in the universe and the creation of objects, shapes and colors, different visions and ideas and different intellectual and mental creativity of man. As well as the freedom of religious belief through the multiplicity of the Quran discourse and the multiplicity of prophets and laws, which in turn open the way to acknowledge the existence of different in religion and address him and give him freedom to choose the belief that he wants, and try to communicate with him in the proper ways and quiet dialogue leading to open a wider area of common living and building man and civilization on Foundations of love and mutual respect. The research came through the following axes: talk about the difference as a universal year in creation and things and ideas, as a prelude to the topic, and then touched on the issue of the definition of pluralism and the concept of pluralism in the Quran, as well as how the Quran to the issue of pluralism and its method in presenting it, and the methods that followed Quran to confirm the existence of plurality and difference. And then exposure to the purposes of the Quran behind the adoption of the year of difference and diversity of ideas, beliefs and religions in the ground, and then concluded the research with a brief conclusion showing the most important findings of his findings.

It is very important to write about the roots of terror and terrorist groups, and to discover reasons that cause those groups. For this reason, It is nessacary to study the phenomenon of terror and extremism because we cannot find solutions and remedies unless we determine its causes. By looking deeply, it appears that reasons of terror are different such as political, economic and social factors. In addition, it could be educational and psychological reasons. As a result, it is a complex phenomenon and we would to talk about it.

Soundtrack is one of the sound elements that go into building the fabric of cinematic film. From this standpoint, many filmmakers see that interest in the musical composer in the composition of soundtrack has become a craft that is special for those with composition capabilities because it needs high skill and accuracy in coordination between sound and image, when watching Any cinematic movie, naturally we follow the image and are attracted to it with passion and even consider those prominent signs in it with great interest and narration, it is the sound with its divisions of dialogue, music, special effects and even silence. Rather, her presence advanced in lending the distinctive sound element in directing her towards the authorship of the film with the professionalism of the makers and writers of the notes accompanying the orchestra with all its instruments in harmony with every shot in the scene, which has significance in expression. This is what the researchers called for to justify the presence of music as an integral part of the dignity, Where they found the idea of being exposed to the research tagged with (dramatic soundtrack in the film Al Risala as a model), so the following question was (Is it possible to change the need for Why does the soundtrack in realizing sensational scenes and controlling feelings and emotions with other sound elements?). The research includes an introduction and a summary of four chapters. The first includes the methodological framework, including an introduction in which the two researchers discussed the concept of music and dignity and how they are represented in the film The message, as well as presenting the research problem, importance, goals, limits of research and terminology. The second chapter includes three topics, (movie music and its expressive language), (music coincides with dramatic events), (music drama and picture compatibility). As for the third chapter, it includes the research procedures by analyzing selected scenes from the film The Message, and the fourth chapter contains the results, conclusions and recommendations, and it includes a list of sources and references and a summary in the English language. In the scene, which has significance in expression, this is what prompted the two researchers to justify the presence of music as an integral part of dignity, where they found the idea of exposure to research tagged with (dramatic soundtrack in the message film as a model), so the following question was (Is it possible to change the film's need for sound music In realizing sensational scenes and controlling feelings and emotions with other sound elements?). The research includes an introduction and a summary of four chapters. The first includes the methodological framework, including an introduction in which the two researchers discussed the concept of music and dignity and how they are represented in the film the message, as well as presenting the research problem, importance, goals, limits of research and terminology. The second chapter includes three topics, (movie music and its expressive language), (music coincides with dramatic events), (music drama and picture compatibility). As for the third chapter, it includes the research procedures by analyzing selected scenes from the film Al-Ressala, and the fourth chapter contains the results, conclusions and recommendations, and it includes a list of sources and references and a summary in English.

this research contains the rule (single event that cannot be generalized) which consider as one of the most important rules that the researchers depend on during their researches, also the Mufti depends on to reply any asker, and the judges to fulfill for all cases between the plaintiff and claimant, as well as needed by the jurist to conclude the rules in the light of this rule correctly, and differentiate between any other individual rule that can be generalized. It can’t be hidden that the rule of (single event that cannot be generalized) considered as a partial rule in the science of Principles of Fiqh, it includes many texts and news that linked to partial subjects labeled in the books of Hadith, Tasir and Fiqhs as mentioned by the examples of scientist in Principle of Fiqh by practical and explanatory examples as the testimony of Khuzaima alone will be placed as two testimonies. We are desperately in need to understand the texts and see which text is special to specific class or specific individual, or which text is general and comprehensive for all without any exception for anyone. And this can’t be seen except from ones who are updated with the rules of the science of Principle of Fiqh including the rule of single event and what are related to it. The problem is not-recognizing what is single event that cannot passing its place and what is general, will lead to misleading and miss selection of the rules. This research addressing the problem by explaining, defining, showing its regulations, conditions, and distinction this rule with other rules, to simplify the topic when needed to be review.

This paper delight the effort of one of the geographers in the fourth century AH, who is (Masaar Bin Muhalhal Al-Khazraji), he knowns as (Abu Delaf).
This geographer had a wish to distinguish him from the geographers of his time and after, which is his special interest in the region’s economy in terms of (precious metals and production) Agricultural, industrial and aquatic.
What make us more interesting us in this research is his second tourism, while he visited Kurdish Regions, or that area in which the Kurdish settled.
Accordingly, it indicated during his journey he took an interest in these minerals: Especially the one in Shahruzur and the people of that region depended a lot on it economically.
We can say that he is the first geographer to indicate the presence of oil wells in that region, estimating the daily quantity. Also, one of Abu Delaf’s characteristics is that he touched upon many plant spices that were used in the field of treatment. This indicates that he was aware of the pharmacy field at that time.

This study deals with the use of geographic information systems and remote sensing using spectral indicators to detect the manifestations of desertification on farmland in Makhmour District.
The study aimed to investigate and monitor the indicators of desertification of agricultural lands in the study area using modern technologies in monitoring and evaluating the phenomenon of desertification and its effects on agricultural lands for a period of twenty-eight years by employing some indicators such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalize difference water index (NDWI) and Vegetation Moisture index(VMI) and Land Surface Temperature index (LST).
The results of the study showed a deterioration of the deterioration of the vegetation cover, especially in the central and southern regions of the study, noting the spread of vegetation and agricultural cover in 1998, and decreased vegetation and agricultural cover gradually in the rest of the years and in 2016 we find that the vegetation and agriculture in The study also contributed to the creation of a database and maps on the state of desertification and its extension. In m Clunk study for four different periods (1988, 1998,2008,2016).

The issue of renewal is considered one of the most important and prominent contemporary intellectual issues, and there has been much talk about it. The renewal of religion is not an easy matter, and it cannot be tampered with. Because there are religious issues that cannot be eliminated, such as the constants, prayer and fasting, etc., the Islamic religion is a holistic, comprehensive and valid religion in every time and place, and it is not static as some claim, such as modernists who describe Islam as stagnant, and for this they demand the renewal of the religion without observing the constants, unlike the scholars Old and contemporary.
Renewal is done in the variables without prejudice to the constants, and for this reason the researcher decided to write a research paper on the topic of renewal between ancient and contemporary modern scholars, as a comparative study, and then reach a set of research results.- and to get some important results.

Mankind has been afflicted with an epidemic and a scourge that affects all of them, regardless of their races, colors, and religions, by passing all limits and procedures, which is the spread of the epidemic: Corona (Covid 19) in the beginning of 2020 AD, despite the scientific and cognitive progress of humanity, this epidemic has surpassed them, and everyone was shocked by its damage and psychological, economic, scientific and political suffering. ...etc. It was imperative to confront it, each with his own ability and competence, and this research is a participation to guide people and help them to confront and get out of this crisis, with the least damage or exit from it with the greatest benefit. The research is divided according person needs in terms of belief and faith, and what is related to the mind and the heart, what a person needs from the practical and applied point of view, and several things go under them. As a method that sets the person to escape from this crisis in peace and safety.

The study aimed to identify the level of fear of love and emotional intelligence among university students, and to reveal the significance of the differences in fear of love and emotional intelligence according to the variables of gender, major of study, and study grade. As well as, the relationship between the two variables of fear of love and emotional intelligence.
The study sample included (144) male and female students who were randomly chosen from fore scientific departments at the College of Basic Education at the University of Duhok.The study relied on two scales which are; the scale of Fear of Love, and the scale of Emotional Intelligence in collecting information after verifying their validity and reliability.
The data were processed using the t-test for one sample, t-test for two independent samples, and ANOVA to analyze the date. The results showed that the level of fear of love among the individuals of the sample was high, and it was found that the level of emotional intelligence is low for them, and the results revealed that there are no significant differences in the level of fear of love as well that of emotional intelligence according to the variables of gender, major of study, and study grade. The results indicated a negative relationship between the two variables of fear of love and emotional intelligence.
In light of the results, a set of recommendations and proposals were presented.

Since the fall of the Iraqi regime in 2003 and the entry of American forces, the security situation in Iraq has worsened as a result of the emergence of armed movements that were fighting Iraqi security forces and American forces together. After ISIS invasion, the security situation was seriously worsened, and ISIS controlled large parts of the governorates of Nineveh, Anbar, Salah al-Din, Kirkuk, Diyala. Iraqi bread basket for winter crops that secure (50%) of strategic crops in Iraq and summer crops go hit very hard. The ISIS group intentionally targeted the main food producing areas, and as a result the agricultural sector sustained significant economic losses; including destruction and burning large areas of land, agricultural facilities, and irrigation projects. Lack of agricultural production, looting of grain stores and agricultural crops, led to a reduction in the cultivated areas in the region and a decrease in agricultural production and lack of sustainable food security in the study area and Iraq, and thus a deficit Local production in food security, and the food gap is bridged by import. The result is the total damage and losses to the agricultural sector in the study area (1.819) billion USD for one year

The educational curriculum is the essential part of each educational system. This research deals with the Islamic educational curriculum, where it is taught in the official Islamic schools affiliated to the Ministry of Education in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and searches for the prevailing curriculum in informal Islamic mosque schools. The official Islamic schools that previously belonged to the Ministry of Endowment Religious affairs in the region had a specific approach as it has been mentioned through this research, then by a ministerial order the schools were transferred to the Ministry of Education, and then they modified the curricula of those schools and their development by several committees that had been formed from the ministries of education and higher education and scientific research and other experts with scientific specializations in the field.
After a solid consideration, the research came to conclusion that the curriculum needs follow-up and some changes in its components for the cause of the constant change in the world and keeping pace with it. And so, it paves the way for the students who graduate from these schools to keep pace with changes and developments in the world.

Consumer price index numbers is one of the most important indicators that reveal the true reality of the level of economic and social well-being of consumers, and governments use them to know the changes that occur in the prices of consumer goods and services as well as the changes that occur in inflation rates. So the research analyzing the impact of consumer price index numbers on Inflation in Sulaymaniyah Governorate for the period (2010-2019), and a number of conclusions were reached, perhaps the most important were:
1. The prices of the grouped goods and services recorded an increase in their record number in the years following the first year of the study and until the year (2014).
2. The prices of the grouped goods and services recorded a decrease in their index in the years following (2014) and until the last year of the study.
A number of suggestions has been reached, the most important could be: -
1. Work to meet the local demand for goods by encouraging and supporting national industries by focusing on industries of comparative advantage, such as: vegetable and fruit canning, dairy products, textiles and clothing.
2. Develop plans aim to stimulating economic growth and correcting structural imbalances between aggregate supply and demand, by controlling high price levels and inflation.
3. The effectiveness of strict financial policies should not be neglected, first of all the reducing government operating spending (despite a review of government operating spending after the financial crisis that faced the Kurdistan region economy) should not be overlooked in affecting the amount of liquidity, price levels, and thus inflation rates.

The researcher conducted a study under the title " The preferred Learning style and its relationship to intelligence and habits of study among students of basic education in science ".
The aim of the research is to discover the relationship that may link the preferred Learning style and both intelligence and study habits of female students of basic education in science. The researchers used the descriptive approach to achieve the research goals. The sample of the research consisted of (68) female students at Kashbeen School for Girls in Erbil Governorate, whose ages ranged between (14-15) years. To achieve the research objectives, the researchers used the following tools collecting data:
1- The preferred Learning style.
2- Raven's Sequence Matrix Test.
3- Scale of study habits.
- The data were statistically analyzed by using the SPSS statistical program and it reached the following conclusions:
1- found a negative correlation and statistically significant relationship between the preferred Learning style (cooperative style) and intelligence among students of basic education in science.
2- found a positive correlation and statistically significant relationship between the preferred Learning style (individual style) and intelligence among students of basic education in science.
3- found a positive correlation and statistically significant relationship between the preferred Learning style (competitive style) and intelligence among students of basic education in science.
4- There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the preferred Learning style (the cooperative style) and the habits of studying among students of basic education in science.
5- found a statistically positive correlation between the preferred Learning style (individual style) and the study habits of students of basic education in science.
6- There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the preferred Learning style (the competitive style) and the study habits of students of basic education in science.

The topic of war is the most controversial topic in all literary arts, especially the novel, because it deals with the event that directly affects human life and his fate. This study deals with the subject of World War II in which many countries of the world participated in, leading to the killing of millions of civilians without any justification, leaving negative effects on the lives of the remaining living among them. from here launched this study, titled “The Image of War in the novel The Blood of Others” by the French writer Simone de Beauvoir, where she harnessed her literary and philosophical creativity as a writer and philosopher to address the issue of war and the negative effects it leaves on human life, specifically the events that took place in the World War II The second one, which began on the 1st of September 1939 and ended on the 2nd of September 1945, in which 3o nations of the world were involved in.
This study consists of four sections. The first section deals with the subject of the revolution as a reaction by French youth against the war massacres, the second section addresses the phenomenon of (Absurdity) and its birth as a new phenomenon resulting from the human feeling of loss and fear during the war, The third study deals with the existential phenomenon linked The freedom of mankind, where man always tries to prove his existence and his struggle for survival, while the fourth and final section deals with the issue of the (lost war) through the fall of Paris in the hands of German soldiers led by Hitler, and making great sacrifices by the French without justification.

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