Zanco Journal of Human Sciences

Actually, modern Kurdish poets have a high educational level, they lived in the reality of their nations and they faced many calamities and catastrophes as their nation. They perceived all the miserable conditions and genocide confronted Kurdish people. This has been an observable factor in their modern poetry, and they have also been aware of all the changes happened in the field of poetry in the outside world. This has given a beautiful poetic image to the structure of Kurdish poetry. That is why the readers have highly appreciated their poetry. The Kurdish poets, especially Qaradaxy, could gather various types of poetic images in his poetry, such as single, compound, general, stable, mobile images as well as the images perceived by the five senses (sight, tasting, hearing, smelling, and touching). By manipulating these nice images, this poet could make a beautiful realistic image to attract the readers’ attention. Another feature of their poetry was that they didn’t look at nature as it is, but as human which has been widely used in their poetry.

This research deals with a modern subject in Iraq. It is related to the system of guaranteeing the banking deposits which concerns the compensation of the depositors in time of bankruptcy, or putting the bank under a curator. This will make the depositors reassured about their money and promote the trust in the banking sector especially in time of financial crisis that faces countries from time to time. The idea of insurance lies in establishing a joint- stock company which will compensate the depositors in case of insolvency of the member bank. In most countries’ membership of the company by the banks is obligatory. The joint-stock company will have its capital by the contributions of the member banks, moreover the company might make investments according to law and regulations in order to establish a good capital needs in case of compensations.

The present research tackles the emergence of [Qur’anic] interpretation through opinion by the Companions of the Prophet (May Allah be pleased with them, during the Age of the Prophet (Peace be upon him). As the studies that dealt with the approaches of the interpreters divided the interpretation to the two schools: of interpretation through impact, and interpretation trough opinions. They pointed out that the beginning of the advent of interpretation was limited to the interpretation by impact through narration, and that the Companions (May Allah be pleased with them) avoided the interpretation of the Qur'an by their opinion. But it's worth noting that this issue needs to be reviewed.
This research is an attempt to prove and reveal that the signs of interpretation were not limited to the interpretation by impact through narration. Rather, the interpretation was handed down to the Prophet's Companions, as they sometimes interpreted the Qur'an according to their understanding of the verse and the Prophet, peace be upon him did not object to that. Accordingly, I deemed it necessary to examine the emergence of such Qur’anic interpretation, that is, interpretation by opinion; and also to scrutinize and analyze the issue of interpretation; hoping to reach at the conclusion that interpretation by opinion emerged side by side with the interpretation by impact at the age of the Prophet, Peace be upon him. Later, the Qur’anic scholars and interpreters narrated that interpretation and was named ‘interpretation through narration’. But, originally, what was quoted and narrated from our Prophet, peace be upon him, only that is called ‘interpretation through narration’, because everything said by the Prophet, peace be upon him was Revelation [from Allah the Almighty], as the Almighty recites: (Nor does he speak out of desire. (3). Indeed, it is not except a Revelation which is revealed, (4). [Sura 53: AN-NAJM (THE STAR)].

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our Prophet Muhammad and his family and companions,
This study under the title “The Economic Impacts of the of Inheritance System in Islam” aims to illustrate the economic effects of Inheritance System in Islam. It includes an introduction, three sections and a conclusion.
The first section: the concept of Islamic economy, its characteristics and objectives are outlined. The concept of inheritance, and its provisions are stated in section two. Finally, section three clarified the economic effects of inheritance in Islam. The main findings of this research are:
1. Under the Islamic Inheritance System, the private wealth will be fragmented quietly without inequality, violence or revolution. for the sake of prevent accumulate wealth among a few people.
2. The Islamic Inheritance System has vital role in the economic growth and market, because the heirs are running the wealth in the market.
3. The most important economic objectives of the system of inheritance in Islam: preservation of the wealth from waste and loss, because Islamic law pus limitation for disposing wealth by heir and do not allow the heir to act in all his wealth and more than the limit of the third before his death.
4. The economic effects of the system of inheritance in Islam eliminate poverty.
5. The economic effects of the system of inheritance in Islam eliminate or reduce unemployment.
6. The economic effects of the system of inheritance in Islam redistribution of funds and economic reorganization.

Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq work program stated that government is seeking to establish an e-government, and this digital trend will enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the services provided by the government, especially in light of the exceptional circumstances that the region is going through from economic and financial crises. The complex tax accounting procedures based on paperwork and the phenomenon of tax evasion are one of the most important files that the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq (KRG) works to study and find solutions that reduce the complexity of the tax accounting process and also reduce the chances of tax evasion by the taxpayers. Block Chian technology is one of the pioneering digital technologies that researchers, international companies and governments are attracting attention to, as it is one of the most important electronic inventions that will contribute to the completion of tasks and businesses better in terms of transparency, protection, speed, accuracy and cost. Therefore, the study aimed to shed light on this technique in order to clarify its concepts and its working mechanism, and then to demonstrate the possibility of using it in addressing tax accounting and tax evasion. The study found the possibility of employing Block Chian technology in the tax department is possible, but this needs to work according to an integrated strategy in order to develop the infrastructure and develop the laws and legislation that regulate the work of the tax administration in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

The Rural settlements are one of the population settlement types which became a center of human stability undoubtedly there are many factors impacted on the image of rural settlement distribution which they might be physical or human factors the rural population or countryside’s interest which agriculture in the sites which are suitable for this sector. Thus the agriculture profession has it’s important role for getting the rural citizens to agricultural development stage in the time of implementation of all the necessary conditions.The importance of this study is the strategic location of study area as well as it regards as an agricultural area due to it’s fertile soil. However there no any required academic study about this site.
The aim of this study is elucidation of rural settlements and explaining the main factors that effect on the development of agriculture. The study consist of three main chapters; the first one is devoted for the definition of study area which include two axes; the first axis is about the geographical dimension and second axes is about the main concepts of the study which are development and agricultural development. The second chapter is devoted for the study area configurations which includes two axes; the first one is devoted for the physical properties and the second axis is about the human properties of the study area.The last third chapter is for explaining the patterns of rural settlements distribution which also consists of two parts, the first one is about the volumetric distribution and dispersion coefficient, the second part is devoted for the impact of rural settlement distribution on the agricultural development. The study ends with shedding light on several conclusions and recommendations.

Max Weber lost a great portion of his life in analyzing the concept of power. He is best known of his specialized in history, economy, philosophy, religion, morality and many others. What recognize him from ancient and his Contemporary Sociologists even until nowadays, this -made him dominate any sociological research when it approaches the concept of power, then they require a help from his analysis. Weber was not limited by comparing between power and force, but he attempts to identify the core of both concepts and highlight their specifications. So that he could to survive power term from known understandings, which look at this term as the process of depression. The concept of power is promoted by Weber to different level and to be prepared in front of any modern research in order to find out another meaning and uncover more hiding matters. This research approaches this term by its own manner, and includes the view of the Sociologist.

Greeting is one of the most important topics in linguistics and has a prominent role in pragmatic studies. This research was conducted according to the (Kirdasi -2013) point of view to study the formulas and strategies for using greeting among the inhabitants of the Duhok Region by observing their use of the greeting in (12) different situations. This paper aims to know the percentage of strategies used in each of the selected situations, using the statistical method. The research consists of two chapters. The first chapter spoke about the Greeting, and then dealt with it specifically in pragmatic framework. The second chapter is devoted to apply greeting strategies among the speakers of the Duhok Region.

Following the resumption of the armed struggle in southern Kurdistan in 1976, all Kurdish political parties paid great attention to the journalistic struggle, and in this context, the Kurdistan Democratic People’s Party after its establishment on July 26/1981, issued the People's Newspaper and the Pésheng journal under the supervision of the Central Information Office , The contents of the topics of the Pésheng journal, especially those written about the history of the Kurdish national liberation movement and its circumstances at the time, are very important topics. Because there has been no study on this to the best of the researcher’s Knowledge, this paper was deemed necessary.
The paper consists of an introduction, four sections, and conclusions.
The first section deals with an overview of the Pésheng journal, in which the supervisors, the place of its publication, its time, numbers, price and purpose are presented.In the second section, the journal’s view on the Kurdish national liberation movement at this point is explained. The third section is devoted to discussing the topics that were written in the journal regarding the history of the Kurdish national liberation movement. The fourth section tackles the conditions of Kurdistan at that time in light of the topics of the Pésheng journal. The paper ended with the conclusions arrived at throughout the study.

Islam has honored mankind in all phases of his life, particularly, in the case of sickness with care and medication. Islam considered sickness a legal permission that reduces or abolishes worships. Caring for end-of-life care has increased in recent days, whether at the country level or in biomedicine. In addition, attention to medical ethics has increased. However, its application and practice face many ethical dilemmas. Hence, the research sought to raise these ethical problems, such as: medical permission, informing the patient of the reality of his or her illness, medication, the right of priority among ill people when medical devices are limited, pause and treatment of resuscitation, and mercy killing. The research has answered these dilemmas from the perspective of Islamic ethics, by adopting an inductive, analytical, evaluation approach. The paper concluded with a set of results and recommendations.

This research sheds light on ISIS’s interpretation of the Holy Qur’an by, within studying the first and second issue cover lines of Dabiq magazine. ISIS utilizes Qur’anic verses to spread their Ideologies, showing it as a source of violence, which has led to the spread of a strong feeling of Islamophobia among non-Muslims. Therefore, this research discusses ISIS’s interpreting for the verses which were mentioned in the first and second cover line articles, to provide an insight into the ways ISIS dealt with Qur’anic verses. The research depends on the analysis, comparative, and critical methodologies. the result of the study reveals that ISIS interpreted Quranic verses as they like, regardless of the basic Qur’an interpretation rules.

This paper is mainly intended to shed some critical and analytical lights on George Orwell’s fourth novel Coming up for Air (1939). Basically, the paper attempts to respond to certain questions concerning the nature of this novel, the most important of which are the following: is Orwell trying to reflect a personal, a public, or (perhaps on a larger scale) a national issue? In other words, is he privately voicing the concerns of his soul, or is he just trying to comment on and criticize the dire impact of wars on the life of mankind? The paper is roughly divided into three parts. The first introductory part tackles Orwell as a modern novelist and briefly traces the features of his writings. The second part examines his Coming Up for Air in terms of the im/possibility of achieving rejuvenation on the side of the novel’s main character, George Bowling, through exploring certain personal and cultural issues featuring the man’s life and examining the invisible link between war, as a global phenomenon, and nostalgia, as a private one, as shown in Orwell’s novel. The discussion of the novel ends up with a conclusion as the final part of the study.

To master a language, it is essential to study its grammar which is one of the most difficult aspects of that language. Grammar is regarded as the subject that provides a whole cohesive system concerning the formation and transmission of language. Teaching grammar has been ever since a source of controversy in the teaching of second and foreign languages. Students acquire the feeling of discomfort whenever they hear the term “grammar”, however, teachers try to do their best to make grammar interesting and non-threatening. English grammar has been regarded as a system of syntactic rules that determines the order and patterns in which words are patterned to form sentences. The appropriateness of an utterance requires a good knowledge of grammar. To master English, it is necessary to know various forms and usages which confuse English as second/foreign language for (ESL/EFL) learners. Learners may learn new grammar rules every day, but they find difficulties applying them when they speak or write in English. This research tries to focus on the grammar topics that college students find challenging. So, it aims at mainly determining easy and difficult grammar topics through learners′ perspective. It also tries to provide some solutions for the students to overcome the difficulties they face, so this research has pedagogical significance since it provides some important recommendations and further suggestions for the purpose of teaching these grammatical subjects.

Cette étude vise à estimer la fonction de production dans l’industrie dans la région du Kurdistan en Irak afin de permettre l'analyse des rapports de production existants dans ce secteur et la possibilité d'introduire les éléments de la production ainsi que le calcul de la productivité marginale de ces éléments, et aussi finalement de voir si l'industrie est plus dépendante de l’intensité de la main-d'œuvre ou de l’intensité du capital ?
Le climat adapté, les grosses ressources en eau, le sol riche et les grandes zones de pâturages ont créé de bonnes conditions de développement du secteur agricole au Kurdistan et ses records historiques plusieurs fois attestés le prouvent clairement.

In this semi quantitative study, the respondents were EFL students in Koya University, Faculty of education, and department of English Language. The aim was to inspect and scrutinize the effect of color-code strategy on their proficiency regarding writing academic paragraphs. They were 60 freshmen students who were studying in their first year levels. Both male and female participants were enrolled in two writing tests about writing descriptive paragraphs. The tests were conducted in the department, during studying writing skills subject in the second semester, and then their writings were analyzed using a rubric. Later, using Independent Samples t-test, the results were processed into numerical datum. The conclusion is that, color-coding strategy has impact on student's advancement in writing a well-structured paragraph in the post-test. Furthermore, students wrote their second paragraph with correct structure and organization. Therefore, the final results maintain that color-code strategy is a beneficial didactical mechanism to be used in the field of EFL and ESL teaching particularly in writing skills courses.