Zanco Journal of Human Sciences

The current research sought to diagnose the correlation and influence relationship between the independent variable represented by the dimensions of information technology and the dependent variable represented by the strategic information system.
The research followed the descriptive analytical approach, where the main and sub-variables were described, and relationships and influence were analyzed. The research community was represented by all private hospitals in the city of Erbil, which numbered (12), and five hospitals were selected from them as a sample for the research, while the number of respondents on the questionnaire was (ninety-six) as a director in the hospitals of the research sample.
The research adopted a hypothetical scheme to express the logical relationships and influence, and a set of hypotheses were formulated as possible answers to the research questions, and they were subjected to a set of statistical tests and analyzes through statistical programs such as (SPSS).
The research came out with a set of field conclusions, most notably the existence of strong correlation and influence between the two variables, and the research concluded that the strongest impact appeared between information technology and the e-business strategy as a dimension of strategic information systems.
The research recommended the necessity of investing the influence relationships of the force and directing them to serve the private hospitals under study.

This study titled "The Theory of Sexual Criticism / pedophile novel " by Farhad Birbal as a model that is considered a unique study within the framework of Kurdish literary criticism as no such topic has been addressed, especially through theoretical criticism, so we want to stand on it in the context of Theoretical criticism and to introduce one of the contemporary critical theories to Kurdish literary criticism as it was not shed light on it as it should be through previous studies and this theory is known as the theory of "Queer Sexuality" and especially in the paragraphs, subjects and parts related to sexual eroticism among males .Through the “pedophile novel”, the violence and sexual assault of children and adolescents is highlighted, as the novelist believes that this violence and sexual abuse is not only related to the issue of the body, but also includes violence and sexual abuse in wider areas and extends towards the destruction of pain, spiritual and mental torture as well. Thus, this person becomes a victim and his entire life path turns towards turmoil and badly takes the steps of his life. At the same time, sexual violence is related to forensic and criminal medicine as well, but within the framework of this novel, all state institutions have been placed under the domination of perpetrators and executioners, and the victim does not find a glimmer of hope to defend himself. Rather, these governmental institutions cause distortion of the spirit of the Kurdish human, personality disorder and his national identity, and that he is nearing perdition. The novelist intends to tell the reader what he means: We have also been subjected to killing, genocide, Anfal Campaign and mass graves. Thus, we were exposed to mass sexual assaults as well, and this type of sexual assault provides an opportunity for an authoritarian regime so that it does not believe in the legitimacy of any rights of a subjugated nation such as the Kurdish nation. We can summarize some of the questions and topics raised in the "Pedophile" novel through these simple questions: What is the relationship of the Pedophile to existence, national identity, homeland and citizenship? How does the Pedophile novel express a somewhat domineering nation and a subjugated nation? What is the influence of Pedophile on Kurdish society, before and later? What effect does a Pedophile have on the feelings of a Kurdish individual? ... etc. These are simple questions, but it is profound in its implications in the Pedophile novel by Farhad Birbal, which is reflected and still reflected in the Kurdish individual personality.

This paper entitled (Referenece and its effect on the textuality in (farewell sermon)). The reason behind choosing farewell sermon is due to its significance in terms of rhetorical components and other important issues included in this specific sermon. The study starts with an introduction to linguistics and textuality and its function. It deals with a short introduction of textuality in the Arabic rhetoric because Arabic rhetoric constitutes an important part in the modern linguistics both theoretically and practically. After introduction, the paper researches (pronoun reference) and the next section is about (reference by demonstrators) and the third section is entitled reference by (relative noun). The study ends with a discussion of the concept reference and the result was presented among the most important findings of the study are the study of Farewell is one of the most important sermons that various linguistic and textual studies could be conducted on it such as rhetorical structure and stylistic features or speech acts. So, the farewell sermon is considered to be prophet’s (Pbuh) highly rhetorical speech. This has been confirmed and agreed upon by most scholars and researchers. The study come to conclusion that reference is not only a linguistic device but also has an important purpose in using. It is not only a syntactic device but also semantic device through which certain rhetorical aims could be achieved.
The researcher used various sources among them rhetorical sources such as (Miftah Alhulum) by Alsakaki and Syntactic sources such as (Sharh- alashmooni) on Alfia Ibn Maleek. In addition to, linguistic sources like the study of linguistics and text of (Debugrand) and many other sources related to the study.

This research paper is entitled as “The symptom of parallelism in Mawlawi’s Preamble, Lengthy poem Al-Fathila”. It is about a thousand and three hundred and thirty –two verses. It is characterized by being full of stylistic and eloquent arts which justify such length. These arts, due to the researcher’s knowledge have not been covered from literary point of view. The researcher has studied almost all kinds of parallelisms, but it doesn’t limit all its literary treasures to one study only, the very reason that led the researcher to take into considerations much area allowed for an academic to study. Among such parallelisms are: the phonetic, structural, semantic and morphological, though astonished among all these samples that reject to gain the agreement of the researcher when search for the best and the most beautiful one. Each sample is more beautiful than the previous. Some of the verses contain different types of parallelisms and this is a fact every researcher is aware of. For these reasons, the researcher tried to summarize due to his skill and experience depending on most important available references in this field. The research is in four sections due to each kind of the parallelism, depending on the analytical, descriptive approach in exerting the stylistic, feature that denote depth of meaning of the religion, philosophy of logic.

This research deals with an important and contemporary topic, which is “trapping birds”, and I see that some people - and it is increasing day by day - have tended towards the acquisition and confinement of birds for a reason or a motive, and their purpose - with its slanderers and its ramifications - and its utterances. And they forgot or forgot that this poor and weak bird feels as we do, and suffers as we do, and it has a sexual instinct like humans and other animals. The researcher presented the definition and concept of “imprisonment”, “acquisition” and “bird” for linguists, and then I followed it with an idiomatic definition of it, and I formulated it with my own expression, after I did not find it in the mothers of the linguist, and I learned the knowledge of the linguists. And I was exposed to the views of the jurists of the eight schools of jurisprudence, which are (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi’i, Hanbali, Zaydi, Imami, Dhahiri, and Ibadi) - what we found a way to do so - on the ruling of “the question of which we did not discuss and discuss the other four.” , until I reached the conclusion that the prohibition against trapping birds is most appropriate to the tolerant spirit of Islamic law, which is based on not harming others, even if it is a small bird.Finally, we concluded the research with a conclusion showing the most important findings of the researcher.

The integrative criticism or multi-methodological is the presence of some critical approaches in the research indicating that the study depends on several critical approaches and creating an appropriate ground among these approaches through which the various elements and dimensions of the poetic text are discussed. This aims at investigating the poetic text from a general perspective. It is believed that these approaches consist of external or internal critical approaches, or a mixture of the two types (external and internal). This study is an effort to show the features and characteristics of this criticism which is an academic criticism of Kurdish poetry. This study consists of an introduction and two parts which are followed by the conclusion where the study arrived at the results, and by the list of sources as well as the abstract in both Arabic and English languages.

Building houses with various materials is one of the most important cultural and material features of man, and housing is an indicator of human lifestyle and the degree of urbanization of societies, and it is known that there are many building materials used in building houses in prizin. The study aims to reveal the quality of the materials used in the composition of the houses in prizin, in order to contribute to the development of development plans in the study area by the officials and the competent authorities. To reach the goal of the study, the study followed the descriptive and analytical approach. on this basis, the study was divided into three Main parts, including the definition of the study area, then the type of materials used, and then the role of factors affecting the use of materials in building houses in a study area.

It is noteworthy including, all the materials used in building houses in pirzin before 1977 consisted of mud, clay, wood and bricks. Glass, secondary ceilings, cement, kasha, stone al-Halen. However, in 2008, the block material developed little by little compared to its predecessor, but in the year 2021 the percentage of the quality of materials used from block in the composition of prizin houses reached %96 compared to the materials that are now made of mud none.

This research targets the Sumerian verb gi4 principally in terms of its uses in the Sumerian sentence structure. The objective of this research revolves around investigating and highlighting the root of the verb gi4 in the Sumerian texts. One of the most interesting motive is that the verb in its context has several meanings, aside of the most notably "return" and "turn". So, a linguistic analysis of the Sumerian root gi4 within its grammatical and semantic properties, is the method which we follow in this research. This Sumerian syllable is primarily a verb (with various degrees of meanings attached to it), but it also makes up important adjectives, nouns, and terms in Sumerian sentences. In the analysis of vocabulary, we rely on the texts of the third BC and early second millennium BC in Mesopotamia, i.e. the time period extending from approximately 2600 to 1500 BC, and on several categories of documents, including administrative and legal texts, as well as literary productions.

Language, art, folklore, cultural heritage and history of people are part of their living traditions and activities. Kurds, such as other societies and nations, have their own cultural legacy that is deeply rooted in their identity. Kurdish songs, and music in general, carries several cultural characters that reflects the physical environment, in which the Kurds live, and personalities of the people. For such reasons, Kurdish songs convey a wealth of cultural traditions, and occupies a large space whin Kurdish art and oral traditions. Thus, songs and singing reflects the character of Kurdish identity. Kurdish traditional songs are present is almost all cultural gatherings. There is a strong relationship between singing and reciting traditional songs within the contexts of happy occasions and sorrowful events. Consequently, it has been suggested that Kurdish songs are as old as Kurdish history. Songs have had a big role and manifestation in Kurdish evolution; and had a functional part in societal and cultural gatherings throughout history. Through our activities, as musicians, academic, scientific professions and as educational individuals, we have the responsibility of preserving such treasure of our culture and traditional identity. Dealing with this kind of culture and heritage, no matter how delicate the subject is, needs carefulness and delicate procedures. Therefore, we need to understand what folklore is and how it has been evolved in the past. Once these understandings and concepts are comprehended, we can modernise its forms in new ways and customs.

This research, entitled (The Concept and Origin of Discrimination in Islamic history), it consists of an introduction, four topics and a conclusion. As for the introduction, it deals with the importance of looking at the terms contained in the research and clarifying their meanings, as well as it deals with the history of the emergence of the separation and the factors that led to it. And the fist topic deals with the concept of separation in two chapters. The first chapter talks about defining separation, disperse and division in language, and the second chapter is about defining it idiomatically. As for the second topic, it includes the definition of words related to separation: disagreement, difference, dispute, discord, and strife, and it consists of two chapters, the first one talks about defining it in language, and the second about defining it idiomatically. And the third topic contains a statement of the difference between (disagreement and difference), (separation and difference) and (dispute, discord and contention) in three chapters, the first chapter talks about the difference between the two terms (disagreement and difference). And the second chapter includes the difference between (separation and disagreement), and the third chapter shows the difference between (dispute, discord and quarrel). And the fourth topic talks about the history of the emergence of separation in two chapters. The fist chapter shows the history of the emergence of separation among humans, and the second chapter deals with the history of the emergence of separation in the Islamic nation. The conclusion summarizes the most important findings of the research, including: Separation from the laws of God Almighty in his creation as we find it in human history since the creation of Adam – peace be upon him – until now, and that the separation of Muslims is an inevitable matter, as the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) told, and that man is instinctive to distinguish him from the other, he likes to prove his personality, and he tries to complete what he sees as incomplete and beautify what he imagines is ugly, and for this he was forced to various means, including separation and distance from the other, in order to achieve what he wants. The method of this research is based on the descriptive analytical method.

This research, entitled (Some Aspects of the Argumentative Theory of Rhetoric in Islamic Religious discourse), discusses the Argumentative Theory of Rhetoric in religious discourse. According to this theory, argument consists of a set of techniques, which are used within the discourse to convince the audience for the directive messages to him/her or to increase the level of his/her convincing. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the research consists of two parts, the first part consists of two sections. The first section discusses definition, concept, subject, function, objective, aspect and features of argument according to this theory. In the second section, concept of discourse and Islamic religion discourse have explained. The second part has discussed the use of all the three main ways of using argument in religious speech. The first way includes argument types by communication such as semi-logical arguments and arguments which are based on reality as well as arguments which base reality. The second way is to create arguments by separating the concepts from each other, and the third way is to create arguments by using values. Finally, the conclusion and abstract of the research, in both Arabic and English, have explained.

This research aims to determine the relationship of quality of life with family compatibility, people with diabetes and blood pressure, the problems faced by patients and the conditions they live in, in addition to knowing to what extent patients have been able to handle with them. Where the correlational descriptive method was relied on to analyze the results and random sampling was used, the sample size was (204) units about patients with diabetes and blood pressure. As for data collection and goals, the survey method was adopted and a procedure The interviews, where its paragraphs consist of (102) items and two scales, the quality-of-life scale and the family compatibility scale, and the researcher, to get answers for her questions, used the five alternatives to collect the correct data.

The study aims to analyze the relationship between oil revenues and money supply in Iraq and to show the extent of the money supply influenced by the fluctuations that occurred in oil revenues.
It has been used time-series data regarding the oil revenues and money supply during the period 1990-2019. The study depends on the econometrics analytical method to reach the objectives.
The study concluded that there is a direct relationship between the independent variable (REV) and the dependent variable (M), as a result of an increase in the value of the variable (REV) by (1%) leads to an increase in the value of the variable (M) by approximately )4.1(%, This result is consistent with the economic theory and previous expectations of the study. Moreover, the study found that there is a co-integration between oil revenues and money supply, and the trend towards its equilibrium level in the long-term can be determined for a period mor than a year.
Finally, the study presented several recommendations, including; Adopting an appropriate monetary policy to reduce the new monetary issuance and regulate the money supply of Iraq in line with the real production volume of the various economic sectors. In addition, it is necessary to develop the oil industry (production, refining, transportation...etc) to reduce costs as well as establish petrochemical factories to obtain extra revenue rather than selling crude oil directly at lower prices in the global markets.

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The study of Personal Deixis is one of the important aspects of language in the field of pragmatics. One of its most obvious features is dependence on subjectivity and context. Because personal deixis are clear examples of the cultural and social characteristics of a language; The classification, interpretation and analysis of Personal Deixis and their role in literary texts such as short story, is one of the most important aims of this research. In this research, we find the descriptive- statistical method in analyzing the frequency and role of personal deixis in the short story "Dash Acol". The results obtained in this study shows that personal deixis play an important role in conveying meaning to the reader. The most common of them are in the form of personal pronouns with a frequency of (% 75.09) percent, the demonstrative pronoun, at a rate of (% 6.7), special nouns, with a percentage (% 4.91) and nicknames, with (% 12.32) in next rank. The lowest frequency takes kinship terms (% 4.32).

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This paper tackles an important literary genre which is part of the social subjects. This genre deserves to be studied in details mainly for its lightness and for its importance as well. It was a reaction towards the mode of life whereby the Abbasian society lived during the seventh century H. and which itself was the result of the decline of political, economic, and social conditions and of the spread of poverty as well. All these led to the occurrence of a set of uneven habits and ethics such as intrusion and begging in addition to the greed of poets to get more money, bounties, and fame. Consequently, many famous poets like Bashar Bib Burd, Abo Tamam, Albuhtury and Almutanabi started to earn their living so. This phenomenon, however, produced a peculiar literature that was typical to it as far as epistemology and conception are concerned. Researches called this type the literature of Begging and profiting.

Ethics includes all the good and bad behaviors that individuals perform in society. Their good and bad change from one society to another, just as they change over time in a particular society. Morality is considered to be one of the most important genres of literary texts in general and poetry in particular. Ethical criticism is the most important, logical and correct work on the content of literary works to identify ethical issues and determine how they are used and reflected in literary works. This study is an attempt to evaluate Bakhtiar Zewar's poetry book according to the criteria and principles of moral criticism, whether Bakhtiar Zewar's poems direct society to morality and goodness, or direct society to evil and immorality. On the other hand, this research will pave the way for literary critics when analyzing texts according to ethical principles and criteria.

The paper aims to investigate the types of errors committed by students of English Language Teaching department who study translation at the third year of university. Identifying the types of errors in students' translation products is not only significant for the teacher who knows how to address the students' difficulties but also for the students who get an idea of the causes and problems they face in order to tackle them in their translation projects. This also allows the teacher to demonstrate the students' level of mastering the linguistic and translations performances. To conduct this study, nearly 50 students of ELT department who study translation at their third-grade students participated in the study. The data of the research was collected form the students’ weekly assignment of translation from Kurdish to English. Third year students who study translation have weekly assignment of translation. The data of their assignments were randomly collected by the teacher to identify and classify types of errors they have in their assignment. Later, with the help of four translation teachers, the errors were identified and classified again. Teachers of translation checked the students’ translation tasks at different times so as to count for the reliability and validity of the study. For the current study, the classification of error analysis operated by Pospescu (2012) is used. He used the taxonomy of error analysis in terms of three categories: Linguistic errors, comprehension errors, and translation errors, as well as sub classification of each type. Linguistic errors involve errors in morphology, syntax and collocations. Errors of comprehension include misinterpretation of syntax or lexis. The results showed that the translation and linguistic errors are the most common types of errors committed by the students, of which grammatical and lexical errors are the most common committed by the students. The sources of many errors may be attributed to context and pragmatic analysis of translated texts. The paper offers some suggestions and recommendations for further researches and investigations for improving students' translation performance.

The current study seeks to investigate the role of Lexical Approach on the Learning and Identification of Collocations among EFL learners enrolled in Erbil City’s private universities. The main objective of the current research entails the need to offer insight on the basic language acquisition field which carries significant weight as regards the capacity of EFL learners to attain effective communication in the English language. The study population for this research brings on board learners and educators in Erbil-based private universities and it included 40 participants who were 30 EFL learners alongside ten educators. Consequently, the study responds to the research questions through participant questionnaire responses which were analyzed through SPSS quantitative means. Through the analysis, the findings hinted that a majority of the learners could recognize a lexical item. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that English educators need to organize multiple exchange programs for EFL learners to enable them access opportunities for increased interaction with native speakers of the English language as well as enhancing immersion chances. Thus, the current study views that English language educators have a role of ensuring exchange programs for EFL learners to enable them access opportunities for interaction with native English speakers for increased immersion.

Since we live in an era where technology plays a crucial role in human being’s everyday life, it has become the voice of society. Thus, media can be described as a reflection of the society, which make communication among people around the world easier as well as helps in making people informed with the latest news and what is happening around us. While a few decades ago, to send a message to someone, we had to wait for days to deliver the message, now any conversation or anything important can be sent or occurred in a second. Accordingly, social media as one of the foremost platforms for communication has brought the world together on one single platform. Based on these, social media has also helped the language to develop swiftly as when a new vocabulary comes out, we do not need to wait until it will be added to the dictionary but through media we will be informed or/and will learn the word. Hence, the research study intentions to explore the role of social media in developing vocabulary and how Coronavirus has helped to introduce a wave of new vocabulary and phrases among English non-native speakers. The sample chosen for the study consists of 40 English non-native speakers: 20 females and 20 males, ranging in age from 18-30 years. To achieve the target objective of this study, a questionnaire has been selected. The findings show that social media has been a great source of information especially in term of new vocabulary and vocabulary developments. Moreover, COVID-19 has caused to create a new range of phrases and words. In addition, the findings show that how social media and social crises play a crucial role in lexical innovation and creativity.