Zanco Journal of Human Sciences

The focus of this study was to investigate the impact of authentic leadership on workplace spirituality among academic staff at international universities. A quantitative technique (questionnaires) was used to collect data from 170 academic staff from six out of seven international universities. The results of this study indicate that authentic leadership has an important role in creating spirituality in the workplace. The results also confirmed that there is a significant correlation between the dimensions of authentic leadership (Relational Transparency, Internal Moral Perspective, Self-Awarenes, and Balance Processing), with workplace spirituality as a whole, and Self-Awareness has the strongest correlation with workplace spirituality. Furthermore, the research shows that the impact of authentic leadership and its dimensions on workplace spirituality among academic staff statistically is significant, and among the dimensions of authentic leadership Self-Awareness has the greatest influence on the existence of spirituality in the workplace. Finally, future qualitative studies are needed to provide deeper insight.

Au fil de l’évolution des approches les maisons d’édition ont su adapter les méthodes de langues afin de répondre aux besoins des apprenants mais également des enseignants et formateurs. Aujourd’hui le marché de la formation en français langue étrangère propose un très large panel de manuels assortis de guides pédagogiques, de cahiers d’activités et de ressources numériques. Difficile alors de s’y retrouver et de choisir une méthode adaptée à ses pratiques de classe et à son public. Quels critères faut-il prendre en compte dans son choix? Cet article se propose de présenter la méthode « L’Atelier », aux niveau A1 et B1, de façon détaillée afin d’en comprendre le fonctionnement et l’utilisation qu’il sera possible d’en faire en classe.

Certain dominant images are created and disseminated through various modes of communication to define black women in the United States. The purpose of this research is to examine the Mammy image in Lynn Nottag's play, By the Way, Meet Vera Stark. It tends to analyze the constructed image of black womanhood in America's mainstream culture by examining the stereotypical depiction of the central character, Vera, and her role in the Hollywood film. The image is analyzed from the perspective of black feminist theories. Through contextual clues and context-based analysis, the systematic construction of the image in a white-dominated culture is revealed. The study's findings conclude that racist images are created to determine and justify black women's subordinate status in society. The author defies the image as an inhumane misrepresentation of black womanhood and hopes for radical illumination of the distorted image of black women and its ideological legacy that black women can only be servants.

This study aims at investigating EFL university students’ attitudes towards the effect of implementing contextualized (explicit/ implicit) grammar teaching on developing their writing skills. A total of 34 second-year undergraduate students who were enrolled in the evening class of the English Department/ College of Basic Education/ Salahaddin University-Erbil took part in the study. The students were randomly assigned into two groups, ensuring an equal number of participants in each group. The first group was exposed to contextualized explicit grammar teaching, while the second group received contextualized implicit grammar teaching. To gather the intended data, two sets of questionnaires were designed by the researchers and administered to the groups. The analysis revealed that the students stated positive attitudes towards the use of both methods for developing their writing skills. Nevertheless, contextualized explicit grammar teaching received a higher level of the students’ agreement. The study ended with some conclusions and suggestions for further studies.

This article examines Thomas Pynchon's Mason and Dixon, as a leading example of historiographical metafiction which seamlessly blends fictional narratives with factual elements. This novel explores the relationship between geography and parageography, and emphasizes the relationship between cartography and storytelling. By exploring the power dynamics which are inherent in mapmaking and storytelling, the paper examines how mapmaking and the inscription of history assist imperial authorities to impose and perpetuate their dominance over others. Through a close examination of Pynchon's non-linear and complex narrative structure, this article highlights the manners in which Mason & Dixon counters the conventional notions of truth, hence inviting the reader to question any constructed nature either, maps or historical representation. Ultimately, this metafictional narrative prompt deeper investigation of the intricate intersections between fiction, historiography, geography, and the manipulation of knowledge.

The quest for meaning in life has always constituted a big portion of literature. Having Existential dimensions that investigate the big questions of human existence such as death, isolation, freedom and meaning, some literary works like Rebecca West’s The Return of the Soldier (1918) launch human being’s search for a meaning of existence in realm of disorders at two levels; one is internal that comes from amnesia and neurosis, and the other is external chaos that is rendered from war and violence. Written during war and as an exploration of war consequences of familial disorder and psychological disability, the novel sketches Chris as an existential sufferer whose existence, due to shellshock and memory loss of fifteen years, lacks a firm ground and a concrete sense of meaning, therefore gets into trouble from perceiving his social roles in his return to his family from war. As a defence mechanism and a replacement to his existential vacuum that is a painful sense of void and meaninglessness, Chris pleas into indulging with amnestic fantasy and re-establishes a lost relationship with a married lady once over whose love temporally mitigates his suffering. The Existential dimension of the novel comes from Chris’s re-embracement of the painfulness of reality by bringing back his memory and living in the temporality of the present being. Therapy in the novel is not too sharp, as it is implied by exorcising the lost dreams of Chris’s past life; and based on his acceptance to the reality of his life, amongst it is the death of his son, comes the construction of new paradigms of therapy. This study, entitled ‘Existential Meaninglessness and Meaningfulness in Rebecca West’s The Return of the Soldier: An Existential Psychotherapeutic Study’ investigates the novel’s elucidations of existential vacuum, meaninglessness, and void in relation to memory loss, and then it portrays how human being is capable to make meaning in his own life. The theoretical method of the inquiry in this study is Existential psychotherapy, which is a contemporary approach blended of psychoanalysis and philosophy, mainly inspired by Existentialism. Precisely, amongst Existential psychologists, the focus of the analytical model is thrown on Irvin Yalom (1931-?) who has gained a huge admiration for his scholarly contribution in the field.