Zanco Journal of Human Sciences

In this research, titled "Analyzing Asymmetric Prosody in Salim's Poetry: A Critical Examination of words, phrases, poetic lines and punctuations," we conduct a comprehensive and practical analysis to identify errors and asymmetric rhythmic prosody within Salim's poetry, focusing on the edition we have diligently worked on. Our study aims to explore potential solutions in accordance with established prosody criteria.
Salim's body of work encompasses several books of poetry, with our research specifically delving into the most recent edition published in 2015 in Sulaimani by Mullah Abdulkarim Mudaris, Fatih Abdulkarim, and Mohammed Mullah Karim. We selected this edition due to its freshness and its incorporation of improvements from previous editions, making it a widely embraced reference among both writers and readers of Salim's poetry.
Our research comprises four primary themes. Firstly, we analyze disruptions at the level of words and phrases. Secondly, we investigate instances of rhythmic disruptions resulting at the level of poetic hemistich. Thirdly, we explore disruptions caused at the level of poetic lines. Lastly, we analyze disruptions at the level of punctuations.
In conclusion, our study offers valuable insights into the content of Salim's poetry by shedding light on its prosodic nuances and providing potential remedies for asymmetries.

This research is entitled “Ecofeminism in the Poetic Texts of Qubadi Jalizadeh: The Collection of Baxchakany Malaka Taws.” Ecofeminism is about the relationship and harmony between women and nature and aims to protect the environment and end the oppression of women. It believes that patriarchal culture is the main cause of women’s oppression and destruction of the natural environment. This study aims to reveal Jalizadeh's ecofeminist views about the issue of women's oppression and the destruction of nature in the above-mentioned collection. The research method is ecofeminist criticism theory, in which we have used the concepts and insights of this theory to analyze the texts.
The results of the study show that the blend of women and nature is felt, both in terms of their common characteristics, as the source of production and livelihood for humanity. Jalizadeh perceives women as the solution to the environmental and human crises. The issue of women's struggle with patriarchal culture is prominent, and he defends women's rights. He portrays the type of masculine relationship with women and nature as the main cause of their suffering.

The study of poetic nationalism examines the manifestation of Kurdish self- consciousness in the context of its political history, as it was embodied in giving meaning to Kurdish existence and identity in Kurdish poetry collections. The first veteran poets, such as (Ahmedi Khani, Haji Qadiri Koyi, Ahmed Mukhtar Jaf, Qaani and Faiq Bekas) were credited with highlighting the national issue in poetic style, and they are considered among the most prominent founders of Kurdish self-awareness and the project of politicizing the Kurdish language. They tried hard through... Their poetic verses change the reality that imposed itself and appear in themselves as if they were the truth. This apparent reality, according to the political perspective of the Kurdish nationalist poets, results from the “other” discourse that politically dominates Kurdistan, and therefore they called for a renaissance from the historical neglect that is rooted in Kurdish culture.
Despite their poetic creativity, with regard to their awareness and perception of time and the political presence of the Kurds in history, they are intertwined in the problem of self-philosophy. One of the problems that emerged primarily in this perspective, especially within the framework of the process of establishing Kurdish nationalism, lies in dissolving it in the philosophy of consciousness, Where the knowing self is immersed in contemplating and interpreting itself and its world in isolation from others, and this in itself leads to inner dialogue or monologue and isolation into itself. This problem is intertwined and complicated at its highest level. When self-awareness about the existence of the national is based on poetic language, techniques, and their prior designations, it results in poetic hegemony, molding of thought, and this leads to the predominance of pre-existing frames and distortion of the relationship between language, idea, and reality.
In the process of the project of nationalism, that is, the creation of the nation and the state in its Kurdish context, the nationalist movement faced the problem of the closing of inter-space and the incompleteness of the process of establishing common interests and free wills, and this is what led to the emergence of authoritarian parties, with which the Kurdish identity and affiliation became more and more dispersed, instead of the emergence of a “national front unit” is supposed to be the nation that is considered the basic nucleus for establishing the state within the final goal. To get out of this impasse, the philosophy of inter-subjectivity, according to the perspective of the philosopher Jürgen Habermas, proposes a way out to a policy of deliberativeness that is based on arguments, a common language, and dialogue, towards action, revolution, and an exit from the fait accompli. The research consists of two chapters. In the first chapter, we addressed the problem of self-awareness within the framework of poetic language, then we discussed nationalism as an approach to self-interpretation. In the second chapter, we focused on Kurdish poetic nationalism, and after that we proposed the politics of intersubjectivity as an entry point out of philosophy and the politics of inter-subjectivity.

This study, entitled Language and Communication in autistic child, aims to answer the following questions: What is autism? What is its relationship to language? What are the linguistic characteristics of a child with autism? Is the language problem in autism a speech problem or a linguistic problem? These and many other questions. This research consists of two sections. The first section deals with the definition of autism in the following aspects: what is autism, concepts and terminology, characteristics, and causes of autism.
The second section is the linguistic characteristics of children with autism. This section includes the following topics: verbal characteristics of children with autism, non-verbal characteristics of children with autism. The questionnaire consists of 16 questions about the verbal and non-verbal aspects of communication in children with autism. Finally, the results, a list of sources, and a questionnaire form were presented.

The research deals with the phenomenon of bifurcation (branching) of the artistic form in the narrative poem, which results in an interactive structure whose events take place through an intersection with the dialogues that take place between the characters participating in the artistic work or that have an impact on its results, or as the poet seeks to maintain the balance between The shifting of the imbalanced equations in the content and the sequence of the rhythm of the lines of suggestive phrases within the ongoing struggle over the space allowed for the form, which includes three sequential circles that vary in form and differ in the topic they occupy. The central circle is the bright area in which the main event of the poem takes place. The second circle is the shaded area centered around the center and the supporting events takes place. The third circle is the dark, ambiguous area that raises questions that occupy the reader’s imagination. In order to analyze the phenomenon of bifurcation and clarify its purposes within those circles. We decided to apply it to the poem (Masquf) by the poet Fereydoun Abdul Barzani.
The research consists of two parts: The first section includes two axes, the first is concerned with the theoretical aspect of the topic. It provides a definition of the term hypertext, its concept, its place in literary critical discourse, its linguistic and artistic connotations, and then its direct relationship with the recipient. The second axis focuses on the artistic dimensions of the poem (Mawqif), dissecting its structure, and demonstrating the consistent weights of the content of its lines in a group of its poetic sentences. In the second section, there are two axes: the first focuses on the artistic structure of the three circles of the poem (Mawqif) and the different branches in it that are combined in a harmonious and integrated manner. The second axis emphasizes the contents of the branched branches that converge in characteristics with different literary schools of thought, which is the feature that is unique to the branched text. (Prangink) for narrative poem.

This research aims to identify the role of media education in qualifying students for the media job market. And investigating the role of media education in developing media talents among media students in universities and government institutes in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq. For its type of descriptive study, the research relied on a sample survey method for the community of graduates of media departments in universities and government institutes. The sample was drawn from the original research community in a non-random, intentional manner. The total number of respondents included (134) media graduates from all governorates of the region. Among the most important findings of the research: The results showed a positive role for media education in qualifying students for the media work market in universities, technical and governmental academic institutes in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq, and a somewhat negative role, related to the lack of availability of media departments with the necessary equipment and applied means for producing media work.

Calculating of soil moisture and its monitoring is one of the important processes of water balance and sustainable agriculture. The intended goal of this study is to determine soil moisture values in Erbil Governorate and reveal the correlation coefficient and the degree of influence between its values with the elevation and total annual rainfall. The importance of the study lies In its discussion of the accuracy of extracting soil moisture values using satellite images, by comparing its results with the soil moisture values recorded in the governorate’s climate stations, the study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is: The results of using satellite images to estimate soil moisture are inaccurate. It is closer than guessing, and the results of applying the linear regression process indicated that there was a significant statistical relationship between the soil moisture values recorded with the two factors of elevation and the total annual rainfall, where the probability values were less than 0.01 and the values of the degree of influence between them reached 0.583 and 0.491 for each of them, respectively.‏

At the beginning of the 20th century, Iran experienced a number of important and sensitive domestic developments that affected all spheres of political, economic and social life of the country Their efforts to achieve political freedom and a constitutional life were fruitful. In 1908, the internal conflict between the Shah and the freedom fighters led to a civil war that lasted until the year 1912. There is no doubt that Kurds in East Kurdistan struggled for political freedom, expression, elimination of ethnic and class differences, equality and social justice alongside Iranian freedom fighters. The most prominent of these figures was YarMohammad Khani Kermanshahi, who was one of the most prominent Kurdish freedom fighters in Iran in general and East Kurdistan in particular and sacrificed their lives He is one of the greatest and most famous leaders in Iranian history who sacrificed his life for political freedom and expression in Iran in general.

The New York Times is an American newspaper based in New York City. The newspaper has a great influence on its readers internationally. The first issue was published on September 18, 1851 as the New York Daily Times. Throughout its life, it has been one of the most trusted newspaper organizations, winning dozens of international awards and consistently being one of the best-selling newspapers in the world. One of the topics that the newspaper focused on and devoted a lot of space to during the years (1961-1968) was the Kurdish issue in Iraq. On this basis, we conducted this scientific research entitled (Reflection of the Kurdish Issue in the American New York Times newspaper in the period between 1961-1968). It consists of an introduction and three axes. Each topic includes several discussions. In the first section, entitled (The Beginning of Defining the Kurds), we briefly highlighted some of these articles that dealt with the definition of Kurdish nationalism after the founding and publication of the newspaper. In the second section, we focused on the events of the Kurdish revolution and nationalist demands. The third and final topic was entitled (The role of the newspaper in demonstrating the international political position towards the Kurdish issue). In this topic, we highlight the international position and the newspaper’s position towards the Kurdish issue. Finally, we came to the conclusion that The New York Times provided a valuable service to the Kurdish cause in Iraq. Within the framework of his professional work.

The research called (The Literary Structure of Description in the Novel (The Fall of Gray Castle in the ancient Tale)) followed the analytical theoretical approach, in order to show all the literary techniques and their relationships to description in this novel, which is one of the historical novels in which the writer used a descriptive technique in an innovative and creative way in order to show The secrets of historical events, through which two historical stories were blended in a wonderful way until it forms an indicative picture of the suffering of the Iraqi people during the time of war between Iraq and Iran. In this regard, the research was divided into three chapters. The first chapter touched on the descriptive technique in general and includes the meaning of description in terms of the term. The multiple definitions, their types in the novel, and their function in the novel structure in general. The second chapter deals with the descriptive analyzes of the event and characters in this novel, and the third chapter includes the relationship between the description (place and time) in this novel and the analysis of the connotations that were referred to.

Within the context of Generative Grammar particularly in the government and binding theory, it has been insisted that: (a) syntactic projections originate and are projected in lexicon. (b) The heads bear the name of the projections. However, in this study, we have worked on constituting the syntactic projections (adjectival phrase and adverbial phrase projections as examples) in which the marked categories form them through their syntactic positions. Through raising questions such as: Does each syntactic projection have to be the consequence of a specific (X)? Or rather, is it possible for a single lexical category to form two different syntactic projections? In which a proper answer has been attempted to be obtained within the framework of three assumptions: (a) the assumption of two lexical categories with two lexical entries. (b) The assumption of a single lexical category with two lexical entries. (c) The assumption of a single lexical category with a single lexical entry. The study has reached the conclusion that it is possible to develop adjectival projections from “marked nouns (the nouns that bear adjectival features) and degrees”, as well as adverbial phrases from “time and place names along with adjectives and degrees”, with the help of syntactic positions.

The research seeks to study the role of air transportation in importing gold. It is an analytical study of the opinions of air transportation companies for goods. The role of air transportation is represented as an independent variable and depends on two dimensions, which are (the extent of the success of using air transportation, a statement of the impact of using air transportation, and it included goods companies in Importing gold as a variable based on two dimensions: (support and promotion of trade, access and reliability).
To reach the research objectives, it in pursuit of our research objectives, we have relied on descriptive and analytical approaches. In the descriptive approach, airline companies for goods are described and identified, and if the number of airline companies is (57) a company, The survey form was distributed in a way to collect data and information. Then we developed a hypothetical model, relying on a group Hypotheses include:
1. There is a statistical important relationship between air transport and the import of gold.
2. There is a statistically significant relationship between the dimensions of the means of air transport and the import of gold.
3. There is an impact of each dimension of the means of air transportation on the import of gold.
The analytical approach is based on analyzing the data and information collected quantitatively, which is digital analysis, by relying on mathematical and statistical relationships and equations and utilizing them to analyze the results.

This paper has attempted to analyze the role of Russia and Turkey in the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. In addition to presenting the historical background and causes of the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia, the study aims to explain the role of Russia and Turkey as two major regional states in the conflict. It explains the historical background of the conflict and the political consequences of it. Based on the use of method (Analytical description), The study concluded that due to the geopolitics of the region and the existence of political and economic interests; Russia and Turkey have played an influential role in the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Russia has tried to maintain relations with both countries and acted more as a mediator Western country have changed Russia's position, choosing to remain silent about Azerbaijan's annexation of Nagorno-Karabakh, which has caused concern in Armenia. Turkey has been a supporter of Azerbaijan against Armenia from the beginning diplomatically, politically and militarily. This was an important factor in Azerbaijan's victory over Armenia in the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh.

Since the democratic process in any country focuses on administrative decentralization and the distribution of competencies in a transparent manner in a way that is consistent with the regular and steady functioning of the public facility, and this is one of the basic tasks of the administrative authority. Also, delegation of competencies facilitates the conduct of administrative work in its facilities. The higher education facility is a vital facility. In the country, delegation of jurisdiction facilitates the progress and speed of completion of the work of this facility. Therefore, this research deals with the issue of delegation of jurisdiction in this facility in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region in terms of the legal organization of this administrative work. This research, after paving the way for the topic of delegation of specialization, its conditions, types, and practice mechanisms, deals with the legal system for delegation in higher education facilities in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region in accordance with the applicable law, as the legislative defect in this organization was identified in the laws of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region. We mentioned the most important conclusions we reached and presented some recommendations to fill the gaps we noticed during the research.

The study aims to ascertain how games influence students' communication readiness and teachers' perspectives on it as students gave their answer to the questions in the questionnaire. This focuses on using games in the classroom and makes the case that they can be an effective teaching tool. It examines the benefits of using games as a teaching tool and how to get the most out of them for language acquisition. Questionnaires and audio-recorded interviews were used to collect the data. After the survey responses were analyzed, it was discovered that games should be used in foreign language learning classrooms to help EFL learners feel motivated, have fun, and perform well academically while easing the learning process’s boredom and stress.

Over the past few decades, the quality of education has emerged as a critical strategic concern in tertiary education institutions worldwide. University managers’ daily tasks now include comparing educational outcomes and rankings, for which quality assurance is significant. Quality assurance incorporates three separate but interdependent elements including student feedback to teachers, teacher portfolios, and continuous academic development. Student feedback concerns the quality and effectiveness of teaching and teacher performance. University instructors often complain about the grades and feedback they gain from students and reckon that the grades are based on students’ rate of success and teachers’ intimacy with students, rather than on teachers’ performances. Therefore, this study is devoted to investigating student feedback and the factors that determine the quality of feedback provided to instructors. To this intent, the study follows the principles of mixed methods in data collection and analysis; using self-reported questionnaires, instructor feedback scores in quality assurance, and student rates of success for each module as well as using IBM SPSS 25 and thematic analysis. The participants include university students and instructors selected from a public university in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The study assumes that three factors play a significant role in determining the level of feedback including the rate of success, instructors’ intimacy and rapport with students, and the quantity of material provided to students. The study concludes with far-reaching implications for higher education institutions in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

Multicollinearity between independent variables occurs in multiple linear regression analysis characterized by high correlations, which complicates discerning individual variable effect, impacting model accuracy, stability, and interpretation of relationships. The research aims to diagnose the multicollinearity problem between explanatory variables in the linear regression model and identifying the variables causing this problem based on the variance inflation factor (VIF), then estimation and evaluate the performance of three alternative methods, which are Ridge regression, principal components analysis, and Feedforward Neural Networks (FFNN) models with one and two hidden layers and application of the models to compressive strength data for high-performance concrete. The results showed that Ridge regression and PCA effectively addressed multicollinearity problem, but the single hidden layer model FFNN showed superior predictive accuracy in estimating the compressive strength of high-performance concrete when comparing RMSE, MAE, and R2 values.

This study investigates the various kinds of illustrators that male and female Bahdini Kurdish (BK) lecturers perform in EFL university classes. In this area of study, there is still a lack of research on the impact of nonverbal cues on university-level teaching and learning processes when it comes to classroom communication between instructors and students. Ten university instructors, both male and female, were chosen as a sample for the study. Data was gathered from the lecturers using a descriptive observation method based on the illustrator classification system developed by Ekman and Friesen (1969, 1972). According to the results obtained from using excel sheets, the majority of lecturers employed deictic movements in their classes, followed by kinetographs and spatial movements. In terms of gender, females made up a large share of illustrators, except for ideographs.

This study is entitled "A Cognitive Semantic Study of Love Metaphor in Mawlawi Poems". It is an attempt to construe the semantic aspects of Mawlawi's poetic texts in light of the cognitive semantic approach. The study, through a linguistic and cognitive analysis, clarifies the way meaning is constructed in the selected poems. It adopts the theoretical framework proposed by the cognitive semantic theory of metaphor. That is, according to the cognitive theory of metaphor, it explores the metaphorization of LOVE in the selected poems. In cognitive approach to metaphor, an abstract concept named the target domain is understood in terms of another called the source domain (usually concrete). The source domain is a conceptual domain used metaphorically so as to understand the abstract target concept, i.e., the target domain is a conceptual domain interpreted through the source domain. The current study investigates the ways in which LOVE as an abstract target concept is construed in terms of other source conceptual domains. That is, the primary aim of the study is to scrutinize how LOVE is metaphorized in the poems, what are the source domains the poet relies upon so as to interpret the target domain of LOVE. In other words, what are the more concrete conceptual source domains that are metaphorically used in order to comprehend the abstract target concept of LOVE? Accordingly, the recent study is mainly concerned with conceptualization (the way LOVE is conceptualized) which is the cognitive processes of meaning-making. This means that, it illuminates meaning construction process in Mawlawi literature. The study first provides a brief introduction to Cognitive Linguistics and then the nature of meaning in cognitive semantic approach is highlighted. Following this, the cognitive approach to metaphor is presented. The last section is devoted to elucidating the metaphorical structuring of LOVE in Mawlawi's poems based on the contemporary theory of metaphor.