Journal Dawat

The current research dealt with (The Meanings of the Qur’an), an important Arabic-Islamic cultural publication by Abu al-Hasan Saeed bin Masada al-Akhfash al-Awsat (d. 215 AH). According to that, this comparative research was held under the name (The Book of Meanings of the Qur’an by Al-Akhfash (d. 215 AH) to investigate and compare three different publications - a contrastive research) written by several authors over the years to clarify the feature of each publication that differentiate it from others, and what is intertwined with the others. The research results introduced several differences and similarities between each publication.
This research aims to show the distinction between the book›s previous manuscript editings and how each is distinguished. The distinction is made by shedding light on four aspects of the book, the first of which was devoted to (The Meanings of the Qur›an) in its three editions, the second is concerned with its manuscript versions, whilst the third deals with the book›s previous studies that are written by other manuscripts editors, then the fourth aspect detected to the three manuscripts editing of the book. It is evident that each manuscript editing has a method that aims to present the the book in a manner consistent with its scientific and historical significance as a means of comprehending the Book of God Almighty and interpreting its verses. These objectives and means were demonstrated not only through the book›s study but also through the material analysis that followed, locating the manuscript, and creating its indexes.
Key Word: Al-Akhfash, The Meanings of the Qur’an, manuscript editing

Arabic is considered one of the broadest Semitic languages at all linguistic levels, and it is the most fortunate to be cared for. The phonetic level is the most important due to its connection to the recitation of the Holy Qur’an (Abdul Jalil, Abdel Qader, 1997, 147). The Holy Qur’an has strongly invested in the Arabic language, as it is characterized by artistic potential, enabling its user to express whatever he desires the way he/she wishes. Thus, it formed a coordinated and purposeful rhythmic structure It formed a coordinated and purposeful rhythmic structure, and through this, the Qur›anic text was able to acquire a special distinction over other literary texts. It was present for recitation, audible but not pronounced by the ears, and fresh and unfading from frequent repetition. The purpose of this research is to uncover the secrets of phonetic harmony and the suitability of the sounds of the verses of protest against the Jews to their textual purpose, through the use of the structural approach, which emerged in the middle of the last century. It is a textual approach, which is also called systemic. These approaches work to make the text a comprehensive, self-sufficient structure, leaving the interpretation of the literary work to its words, structures, and language used by the author to express his ideas and opinions. Structuralists in this approach seek to give the reader some centrality and make the text the governing force of the literary work›s impact, and this is what the research requires. Structurally studying the Quranic phonetic argument means studying the consistent, successive elements that make the Quranic text, which specifically addresses the Jews, a single text. The Qur›an is distinguished by its objections to deviant groups, including the Jews. The verses objecting to the Jews number approximately (204), relying on the books of the reasons for revelation and some interpretations from both groups, most notably Al-Mizan by Sayyid al-Tabataba›i and Al-Tahrir wa al-Tanwir by Ibn Ashur. Its verses contain (14,102) (silent) consonants and (12,755) vowels. The procedure followed in studying the sounds was to trace them in the verses protesting against the Jews and read them metrically. Each spoken sound was counted as a sound, even if it was not written. For example, «this» is a word composed of four sounds, even though it appears in its original form as three. I decoded the structure of each of the stressed sounds. The study avoided verses that mentioned the Jews as a lesson and benefit to Muslims, as they were not directly addressed to them. This was evident in the verse, «The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger, nor of those who have gone astray» (Al-Fatihah: 7). The study also avoided verses that mentioned the story of Moses and Pharaoh.

The importance of the research lies in revealing the connotations of the root in the Holy Qur’an and its contexts. The word may be mentioned in many contexts, and its meaning appears in every context in which it occurs, different from its meaning in which it appears in another context in the Holy Qur’an. The research revealed the difference between, for example, the difference between (Nadhr ‘vow’) and (Anthar ‘warn’). Anthar ‘warn’ indicates intimidation or apprehension, and the word Nadhr ‘vow’ means a covenant and commitment to every action, and so on. The meaning of (vow) is different from the meaning of the word (warning), so the warning indicates the confirmation of the description in the subject, and the warning indicates the aspect of the role of the event from the subject and its resurrection. The nature of the research necessitated its division into two sections. The first dealt with the lexical significance of the root (na dha r), while the second section studied the verses mentioned for the root (na dha r) in the Holy Qur’an, with an introduction and a conclusion in which the most important results were mentioned.

The Qur›anic verse possesses a unique argumentative force, encompassing all rhetorical forms. Its discourse cannot be rejected because it exists. When it is rejected in discourse, it is more beneficial than other arguments. Furthermore, the Qur›anic verse is one of the arguments that gives the text a great deal of influence and persuasion, as it touches the depths of the heart and mind, and its argument reaches all people. Regarding this, the Quranic evidence is the basis of the eloquence of dialogue, so this study comes to investigate the Quranic evidence that Imam Ali (peace be upon him) cited in his jihadi sermons in order to be the greatest evidence of the truthfulness of the call and his achievement of the desired goal of the argumentative speech. It is dated to jihad in the way of God and the defense of religion and belief. Sometimes the Qur’anic evidence comes in invitation to jihad, or in preparation for fighting in terms of equipment and numbers, othertimes in order to raise the morale of the fighters, and sometimes to clarify the constants of actions. Thus, it varies between encouragement and intimidation in order to give the discourse an argumentative and practical quality.

The ultimate goal of language is to communicate between speakers, enabling successful communication and continued existence. This is what language theories in general—including pragmatics—seek to achieve. Although its approaches and paths vary, its goal is the same: communication. Through its various theories, including the implications of speech—specifically, the implicit statement—pragmatics has sought to uncover the speakers› implicit intentions. Direct communication can often be difficult if the linguistic act is indirect and ambiguous. We then need to interpret the discourse and interpret it in ways that the recipient deems appropriate to the situation and the speaker›s intent. In doing so, it relies on multiple clues, including the current context from which shared knowledge emerges, and pragmatic knowledge.
Keywords: pragmatics, pragmatic knowledge, intentionality, interpretation, implicit statement

The image in Arabic poetry is a field of competition among poets, as it carries within it the building block of an artistic work: the selected word, the suggestive phrase, the soaring imagination in the skies of artistic creativity, the idea from which the work is created, and the emotion that moves the reader›s feelings and attracts their attention to pursue and appreciate artistic works, with the values of goodness, truth, and beauty they arouse in the human soul.
I chose this topic under the title (The Aesthetics of Artistic Photography of the Poet Ibn Juzi Al-Andalusi). The choice of this poet was not subject to the factor of coincidence, as no researcher touched on showing and studying his poetry except for the study of Dr. Muhammad Obaid Saleh Al-Sabhani.
The approach adopted in this research is the technical one. It consists of the introduction, which is a glimpse of the poet’s era, his life, his biography, his birth and death. The introduction explains the concept of the image followed by and three sections: the first: Sources of the image in Ibn Juzayy›s poetry; the second: Themes of the image in Ibn Juzayy›s poetry; and the third: Means of shaping the image in Ibn Juzayy›s poetry.

This study is entitled (The Image of the Common People in the Heritage of Al-Jahiz (d. 255 AH), a Study in the Light of Cultural Criticism). It is primarily concerned with questioning Al-Jahiz’s rhetorical practices towards the largest social class in Arab society in the Abbasid era, namely the common people, including the simple people, vendors, craftsmen, and other poor and destitute people.
The study also explores the manifestations of the cultural patterns underlying the stereotypical image Al-Jahiz portrayed of them, highlighting the ideological biases and cultural connotations inherent in this image, under the influence and pressures of the ruling authority. The importance of the study stems from the fact that Al-Jahiz was one of the first intellectuals in Arab civilization to address the topic of the public, providing extensive accounts of its news and categories, and reviewing aspects of its life, livelihood, and various activities.
Keywords: cultural criticism, cultural discourse, cultural representations, public, class inequality, hegemony, contempt.

The Maqama emerged in the mid-third century AH as a form of prose literature aimed at enhancing linguistic prowess and teaching young people composition. This education was initially limited to language and rhetoric. Then it encompassed various common types of knowledge such as stories, anecdotes, and proverbs. It also incorporates historical, philosophical, and literary aspects. This article, which relies on a descriptive-analytical approach, attempts to study the use of proverbs in al-Hariri›s Maqamat in a descriptive-analytical manner, referring to some of their stories and events, and to whom they are told. It also indicates the locations of their use and the reasons for Al-Hariri›s resorting to them in his Maqamat. This research targets two topics: identifying the proverbs in Al-Hariri›s Maqamat, which contain more than 140 eloquent Arabic proverbs, through which he achieved his goals. ...artistic, social connotations, or other, and to demonstrate the role of these proverbs in conveying useful messages to the recipient, clarifying their truth through what is stated in their texts, and supplying the literary world with another of its components. The motive for studying this article is the necessity of returning to the heritage and its collection of interesting points and the outstanding brilliance it contained, which requires study and the revival of its cultural and historical significance. Al-Hariri, in order to facilitate the content of his texts, which are full of decorations and verbal beauties, tried to make the recipient not bored with his speech, but completely attracted to him. He relies on more than a few proverbs to increase the attractiveness of his Maqamat, a style we rarely see - except in other writers. The results of the research reveal that Al-Hariri employed proverbs on five levels: a) clarifying complexity and ambiguity, b) transferring rational concepts to concrete and tangible ones, c) explaining the cause and reasons, d) Alluding to traditional stories to gain attention, e) Persuasive methods for the audience, namely: repelling by revealing aspects of ugliness, sharpening the audience›s mind, and mobilizing their intellectual energies.
Keywords: Abbasid era, rhetorical analysis, descriptive-analytical study, allusion, Maqamat al-Hariri.

The conative function is distinguished by its focus on the addressee, who is the second party of the discourse in the communicative process. This function evokes the signs associated with the addressee, and this is clearly embodied by the pronouns of address, imperative forms, and forms of supplication and guidance, especially vocative forms. In this study, we attempt to examine the poetry of the Syrian poet Saniya Saleh (1985) and the Iranian poet Tahera Saffarzadeh (2008), focusing on the communicative function and establishing communication between the author and the recipient from the perspective of Jakobson›s views. We found that the addressee or recipient element in both poets› works was diverse and multifaceted. The addressee is sometimes general and sometimes special. Both poets created structures and used terminology, aided by linguistic tools that contributed to establishing the communication process and revealing the communicative function. They also used pronouns of address and the imperative, prohibitive, vocative, and interrogative forms of command in their literary works at the dialogue level, conveying meaning to the recipient. During our examination of the poetic works of Saniya Saleh and Tahera Saffarzadeh, it became apparent that the communicative style had a distinct advantage over all other linguistic features.
Keywords: Comparative literature, the interpretive function, (Saniya Saleh), (Tahera Saffarzadeh).

The tributary is the provider or the host, and rivers have tributaries that flow into them. Everything must have a tributary; tributaries of knowledge are reading and awareness, as well as what a person obtains with his five senses. The poet works on an imaginative activity whose tool is language, and he cannot avoid taking from philosophy, just as he cannot stay away from psychology and sociology, in addition to his inherited treasure. All of that we can summarize in tributaries. We may not be entitled to say «we can,» because they are actually tributaries. Therefore, when we study poetry, we must search the tributaries of Kadhum Al-Hajjaj, whether acquired through hearing, sight, education, or acculturation (i.e., exposure to the culture of others). A poet must be highly cultured and well-versed in the literary, social, political, and religious heritage. He must view it with a penetrating eye and broaden his cultural horizons in order to express the issues of his society. A poem is like a river, a collection of tributaries that have acquired an entity called the poem. A recipient who is enchanted by a poem may not explore its tributaries, its relationship to other cultures, its influence and influence, etc. However, when the recipient feels that he has heard or read a text containing something meaningful that troubles his memory, he is compelled to search for the origin of this meaning. The source of this meaning is the tributary.
Keywords: cultural tributaries, social tributary, cultural criticism, Kadhum Al-Hajjaj

Our poet Al-Tamimi has received significant public and critical attention due to the richness of his poetic experience and the depth of its artistic, emotional, national, international, and human impact, as well as his ability to innovate and introduce whatever suits his thought, issue, and art. On the political level, the poet bore the burden of the national issue and the tragedy of his people in general, and his city (Nasiriyah) in particular. I have specifically chosen this poet because he belongs to the generation of contemporary poets who have excelled in recent decades in both the metered and rhymed poem as well as the free verse poem, achieving poetic quality in his work and in its textual thresholds, which have formed parallel texts that this study examines in relation to their meanings. Our poet is one of the prominent poets in the field of modernist poetry, and one of those who presented a unique and distinctive poetic model in the field of this poem through several collections bearing exciting titles for others, including the collection (The lament of the reed, As recounted by the hoopoe, The letters resembling rain, and Al-Tiktik’ Rhythm). The study comprises two chapters and a conclusion. As for the research methodology, the researcher adopted a descriptive and normative approach to extracting research findings and developing ideas. He relied on a plan summarized in the following sections: The first section: defining the concept of the title and its importance. It was divided into two sub-sections. The first sub-section defined the concept of the cover title; the other subsection focused on the title in general among poets. The second section included a definition of the term «poetics» and the structure of the title in the poetic corpus. It also incorporates two subsections; the first one focused on the poetics of title collections; the second sub-section addressed the poetics of title poems. The research yielded an important result, namely that the title of the collection predominates over the poet›s output in his collection.
Keywords: Title, Poetics, Recipient, Semantics, Text

Colonialism is considered one of the crises of Arabic culture in its struggle with the international forces colonizing people and human societies. It led to addressing and disturbing this issue within the Arabic narration, including the novels of Saud Al-Sanousi, the subject matter of this research. The novelist presented a subversive vision that examined into the details of the causes and mechanisms of colonialism, and the Arab reactions to it, according to a network of Arab cultural and value structures that seek to achieve self-realization and restore the identity torn apart by colonial domination.

Women have a significant role to play in society, especially when it is related to novel, as they are an indispensable icon in the Arabic novel. This is because the writer treats women both externally and internally, describing her from the outside and analyzing her personality from the inside. Therefore, this study aims to reflect on the image of women in the Arabic novel, where the issue of women preoccupied the pens of Arab male and female writers, including the Tunisian novelist Khawla Hamdi. The woman came in her novels with various synonyms of mother, love, beloved, and worker to bear the meanings of motherhood, tenderness, modesty, beauty, determination, and shouldering heavy responsibilities. The writer, Khawla Hamdi, tried through her novels to prove her active presence in the society and in literature alike, by publishing her ideas literary, to prove her objectivity and her ability to give a different view of culture through the process of literary creativity. Through this study, we concluded that women were able to realize their creative and effective personality, which influences Tunisian thought as well as literature.
Keywords: woman, novel, Khawla Hamdi

In the summary of this research must recognize that there is a relationship between the civilizations of the ancient world, represented by their history, ideas, and what they produced in the past and up to their present, in addition to the influence of civilizations on each other, such as the ancient Iraqi civilization (the civilization of Mesopotamia), the Nile Valley civilization, and the Greek civilization. This influence initially came through the question of the origin of the universe, and the mythical answers given by these three civilizations, which some consider the beginning of philosophy. Then came the influence of Greek philosophy, which some, or many, consider to be the origin of true philosophy, in the time of Thales, who looked at water and declared it the origin of existence. This philosophy then spread through translations to the Arab Muslims, where it came to be called Islamic philosophy. After that, it spread to Europe, where modern and contemporary philosophy emerged. This is what we discussed during our research, which indicated the influence of Descartes on the Greek method of skepticism, followed by the dialectical method between Heraclitus and Hegel on the one hand, and Heraclitus and Nietzsche on the other. The methodology used in this research is the descriptive analytical method. Keywords: skepticism – dialectic

Beyond doubt or suspicion, the Book of God Almighty is a scientific treasury and an integrated system of life. Out of our belief in the intentionality of movement, sound, verbal structure, and syntactic composition — extending from the phrase to the text — we have, for a long time, been working on textual references and derivation. that writers employ in their texts, using several concepts such as (intertextuality, Quranic influence, Quranicness, and other terms similar to these concepts). We have identified the flaws in these terms and the randomness of their application, and demonstrated the weakness of the terms specific to their practical mechanisms. This is what prompted us to examine the Qur’anic texts to choose a title that applies to the concept and application. The choice was from the Almighty’s saying: {And when Moses asked for water for his people, We said, «Strike the stone with your staff.» Then twelve springs gushed forth from it. Each people knew their place of drinking. Eat and drink from the provision of Allah, and do not commit abuse on the earth, spreading corruption.} {Al-Baqarah/60}
...because the istisqa’ is (a request for water) and the text that requests another text is a textual istisqa’, as well as the mechanisms that we chose for application according to what we explained in the introduction, which was an introduction to the joints of the title and the mechanisms.
Keywords: ascites, internationalization, synthesis, absorption

This research presents an in-depth analytical study of «Manifestations of Badi› in the Diwan «Serpents of Paradise» by the poet Elias Abu Shabaka,» highlighting the poet›s skill in employing rhetorical devices to serve his artistic and philosophical vision. The research begins with a theoretical framework of the historical development of the science of rhetoric, from its inception among the Arabs to its well-known divisions between verbal and semantic embellishments. The analysis focuses on how Abu Shabaka, who suffered the pain of his mother›s early death and was consumed by existential questions, transformed his poetry collection into a canvas brimming with contradictions and clashes between beauty and ugliness, innocence and sin, and life and death. The research reveals how these contrasting dualities were manifested through ingenious rhetorical techniques such as alliteration, antithesis, and repetition—not as abstract verbal embellishments, but rather as expressive tools that deepen the meaning and reveal the tragic struggle and suffering of the self. The research concludes that Abu Shabaka did not use al-Badi› for rhetorical boasting, but rather to create a cohesive poetic world that reflects his vision based on pain as a source of creativity. He asserts that these embellishments were his means of weaving a musical and semantic fabric that translates the concerns and anxieties of modern man, making the collection a unique model of modern Arabic poetry that blends rhetorical authenticity with psychological and philosophical depth.
Keywords: al-Badi› (or rhetorical embellishments), The Serpents of Paradise, Elias Abu Shabaka, alliteration, antithesis (or contradiction), philosophical vision (or existential meanings)

This study focuses on editing a chapter from the lexicon Abwab al-Kunuz by Mirza Muhammad Ali al-Istarabadi, one of the linguistic works that has not received sufficient attention in terms of study and critical editing, despite its scholarly value and its authenticity as part of the Arabic-Islamic heritage. The research reveals a notable linguistic and lexicographical effort in collecting words, explaining them, and clarifying their meanings, making it an important source for studying linguistic and lexicographical development in the later centuries. It also represents a link between the major classical lexicons and later linguistic studies.
We have sought to produce the text in a scholarly form consistent with modern editing methodologies, relying on a unique manuscript, verifying the text, vocalizing it, and establishing its attribution to its author, in addition to presenting an introductory study on both the author and the work, as well as clarifying the method he followed in composing his book.
Key words:
Abwab al-Kunuz, al-Istarabadi, Lexicon, Critical Edition, Arabic and Islamic Heritage.

Since the abstract reveals the direction of the study and helps define the central idea of the research by facilitating access to its content for readers, it is essential to examine the key terms of the title and its concepts in order to uncover the nature of the topic, its methodology, its driving forces, and its mechanisms of operation. Accordingly, we will undertake a detailed reading of the title to provide a comprehensive clarification of the research directions by discussing the most important concepts that dominate the topic and enable the reader to form an accurate understanding of the study and its field.