Kufa Journal of Arts

This study seeks to provide an explanation for the ongoing shifts in the structure of the
international system using the assumptions of the theory of power shift through a case study of
the rise of Russia, China and Iran, and whether that rise really represents a shift in the balance of
power in favor of either of them at the expense of the United States of America, and the impact of
that The rise in their relationship with the only superpower in the world, the United States of
America, and the structure of the international system and then the international policies .
Through this research, the researcher concluded that the United States of America is part of
these regional tensions that took place and are taking place in the countries of the Middle East,
and that it has a hand in pulling the vision of the Belt and Road in another direction to limit
Chinese influence. The researcher also concluded through her study that the United States of
America endeavors to direct Iraq to new steps towards curtailing competing countries such as
China, Russia and Iran

Interest in the role of human active in the formation of the Earth\'s surface and its direct and
indirect interference in geomorphological processes, such as weathering, sculpture and
sedimentation began in the twenties of the twentieth century, especially in the Western world.

The arbitrator and the similar are among the topics of the sciences of the Qur’an and its main research, its importance has emerged due to the position it occupied in the path of research, interpretation and legal deduction in general and the creed in particular, as the arbitrator and the similar have a common origin in interpretation, jurisprudence, its origins, beliefs, and hadith, so his research was abundant . According to the imams (peace be upon them) and scholars from the exegetes and theologians, in its importance the Prophet (peace and blessings of God be upon him and his family) says: Learn the Qur’an, and learn its strangeness, and its strangeness: its obligations, and its limits. And similar, and proverbs, so work with the lawful, and leave the forbidden, and work with the arbitrator, and leave the similar, and consider the proverbs

Al-Fudayl bin Yasar is one of the companions of the imams (peace be upon them). Al-Sadiq (PBUH), his death in the last decade of the life of Imam Jaafar Al-Sadiq (d. 148 AH) (PBUH), and he is one of the trustworthy companions, whom the gang gathered to believe him, and he is the trustworthy eye of Jalil Al-Qadr, and he is one of the scholars, jurists and presidents from whom the lawful is taken And the forbidden and the rulings that are not challenged, and there is no way to disparage one of them, and that the family of Al-Fudayl bin Yasar is one of the scholarly families that is attested for its closeness to the imams of the family of the House (peace be upon them).

The Iraqi and Omani people have an old historical depth in their distinguished relations, which considered a model for two Arab Muslim peoples. The commercial relations between them represent the starting point for broader relations that include mutual visits by Iraqi and Omani figures, an example of which was the visit made to the court of Sultan Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Oman, by one of the prominent religious scholars and social reformers, Sayid Hibat al-Din al-Shahristani. This visit, which lasted for two weeks, resulted in a manuscript recording the visit, and answering the questions addressed to him by Sultan Faisal bin Turki.
The research consists of this introduction, four axes, and a conclusion includes the most important conclusions reached by the researcher. The researcher reviews the axis entitled (The Roots of the Relationship between the Iraqi and Omani Peoples), in which the researcher shed light on that relationship, its roots, and models of that relationship.
In the second axis, entitled (The author of the manuscript, Heba al-Din al-Shahristani, a brief overview) of his academic and jihadist biography, and his role in establishing the contemporary Iraqi state through being the minister of (Al-Maarf Ministery ) and his appointment the head of the Jaafari Sharia Cassation Council.
The third axis dealt with (Faisal bin Turki, Sultan of Oman, a reading of his biography and the conditions of the Sultanate during his reign), in which it showed how Sultan Faisal assumed power after the death of his father in 1888 AD.
The efforts he made to resist his opponents and the methods he followed in dealing with the British and French.
As for the fourth axis, entitled (Faisal’s manuscript, evidences in answering issues. A brief presentation), during which the researcher presented a brief presentation of the most important issues that Sultan Faisal bin Turki addressed to Hibat al-Din al-Shahristani and latter detailed answers to them.
The researcher concluded this research with the most important conclusions he reached

As usual, non-religious people try to find loopholes - according to their perception - to slander the divine religions, and the Islamic religion in particular, so they took the incident of the whale swallowing Yunus (peace be upon him) as a door to slander this historical religious figure, claiming that it was derived from ancient myths such as the Greek myth of Hercules, who was swallowed by the Houthis for three days. Then he escaped after that, and from the legend (Uanis), and other legends that speak of the order of the whale swallowing the hero.

This research deals with the issue of construction as an element of the poetic form in the poem of the two parts, and the researcher has chosen poetic texts for three of the poets (Mahdi Harith Al-Ghanimi, Aref Al-Saadi, and Imad Jabbar) as a model in their vertical poems. The three poets by the modern constructivist forms that have emerged in modern Arabic poetry or not, and if there is an influence that has occurred in those texts, then what are the limits that the poetic form allows in the poem of the two parts to represent the structural forms that were common in the ancient Arab poem, especially since the three poets They write in more than one poetic form, and if those vertical poetic texts comply with those modern structural forms, Does this mean that the poets were subject to a conflict within them between those forms in which they write, and if the poet employs structural forms that are common in another form, such as tafel poetry in his vertical poem, this may mean that the poet may write his vertical poem consciously of the tafel poem, then it is There is an overlap between the forms for one poet, and this does not mean that there are no differences between the three poets in the way they construct the poem, as there is a distance separating each one of them, according to the different visions between them.

As civil defense services are considered one of the most important services because they are related to the safety of citizens and their property, the study has focused its objectives and methodology on showing the current spatial distribution of civil defense centers in the cities of Kufa district, and identifying areas that suffer from a shortage and deficit in staffing of individuals and mechanisms in order to reveal the extent of efficiency Distribution of civil defense services Because justice in the spatial distribution of services is one of the basic requirements that help achieve an ideal distribution of services in general and civil defense services in particular. The study used maps and the geographic information system (GIS) in determining the locations of civil defense centers, and it is clear through the study that the impact of human characteristics is direct, as well as the lack of a path for emergency cases with civil defense wheels, in addition to the presence of a deficit in preparing the standard staffing of individuals and mechanisms, as confirmed The field study is in the presence of a shortage in the number of centers, as well as the presence of randomness in the distribution of civil defense centers in the study area and their non-conformity with the planning standards, which led to poor efficiency and effectiveness of the service in a way that achieves a balance for the population’s requirements for this service, which required the opening and development of civil defense centers. Civil Abbasiya had the most fire accidents, as it amounted to (397) fire accidents for the year 2021 AD. As for the Kufa Civil Defense Center, the number of fire accidents reached (214) fire accidents. As for the Al-Nahri Civil Defense Center, fire accidents amounted to (144) fire accidents, and it appeared through the application of the Directorate’s criterion Civil defense (60,000 people / civil defense center) It was found that the study area needs to open (2) civil defense centers in addition to the three existing centers, so that the number becomes (5) centers in the study area, and it was found through the application of the equation of future population projections for all centers in the cities of the region The study for the year 2031 AD and based on the criterion of population size (60000) people / center, the need to establish (7) civil defense centers appeared, as it became clear through the study when applying the equation of future population projection for the study area for the year 2031 AD. The population size in it reached (281939) people This indicates that the study area needs to increase the number of centers to fill the shortage of this service.

The current study aimed to build a measure of the orientation towards consumer culture between the local and the global among university professors and to identify the differences in the orientation of the teaching staff towards the local and the global in consumer culture, which oscillates between culture (modern or innovative, concentration, hybridization and cultural alienation) and according to the following variables (gender, Age, academic title, educational level, number of family members, type of college, humanities and scientific.(
The research sample consisted of 254 teachers from various colleges of the University of Kufa, including scientific and humanities, and they were selected randomly. The researchers built a measure of consumer culture based on the experience approach and the results of the survey question that was distributed to 100 teachers from various colleges and after reviewing much of the literature that was written in This topic and the scale consisted of 20 items. One of the items dropped statistically. The psychometric properties of validity and reliability were extracted, and the criterion (Z) was extracted, through which criteria for the scale were set in five levels through which the score that the respondent obtains on the consumer culture scale is explained. The researchers reached the following results: - The presence of a local consumer culture that is high and statistically significant at the 5% level in the types (concentration, novelty, and alienation), as university teachers have a high concentration on the consumption of local products, weak interest in modern models, and do not suffer from alienation.
There is a statistically significant decrease in the national consumer culture at the level of 5% in the type of (hybridization) among university teachers, meaning that they are oriented in their consumer culture towards hybridization between the national and international product.

This research, which is entitled ((Wisdom is a concept in the Islamic heritage)), studies the poetry of Imam Ali and the purpose of wisdom has a study based on the analytical method, and compares its meanings and contrasts with the texts of wisdom of Imam Ali, peace be upon him himself, and with hadiths The honorable prophethood of the Messenger Muhammad, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family, and based on the honorable Quranic verses,
So, the researcher started first by defining the meaning of (wisdom linguistically and idiomatically), then the types of wisdom, its virtues, its effects, the head of wisdom, the sums of wisdom, the characteristics of the wise, what the wise should and should not, anecdotes of judgment..)) This research is of great importance because Imam Ali, peace be upon him, is the repository of wisdom and its mineral, so he almost never has words devoid of wisdom, for he is the master of rhetoric, and he is the master of the language and leans towards it. Wisdom is studied in an intertextual analytical study in the first chapter of wisdom through the rule of Imam Ali, peace be upon him, the hadith of the Prophet, and the Qur’anic verses that speak of wisdom and classifying them objectively according to the above divisions, while in the next two chapters he divided the rule according to its purposes and explained it in an analytical explanation intertextually by mentioning a verse of the imam and then adding The researcher explained, then mentioned the wisdom of Imam Ali, which is supported by a prophetic hadith, then a Quranic verse in the same way

This The study of the climatic water balance is one of the most recent and extremely important studies because it is directly related to the climatic elements and its impact on the amount of latent evaporation / transpiration. Mathematical equations according to my method (Najib Kharoufa, and Ivanov). The research found that the study area suffers from a water deficit (monthly, seasonal, and annual), which increases in the summer and decreases in the winter. evaporation basins in the stations.

This research aimed to identify the impact of designing educational units based on artificial intelligence applications on developing the depth of scientific knowledge levels among female students at the College of Education for Girls, University of Kufa, Iraq. To achieve the research objective, the researcher used the quasi-experimental approach using two groups of (42) students equally distributed: one experimental group for which educational units based on artificial intelligence were designed, and the other control group without any educational units designed using artificial intelligence. The research tool was a test of the depth of scientific knowledge levels consisting of (32) multiple-choice test items distributed across four levels: (recall and recollection, skills and concepts, strategic thinking, and expanded thinking) for the Curricula and Teaching Methods subject in the third stage. Its validity and reliability were confirmed, and the results, after statistical analysis, showed the presence of statistically significant differences at the (0.05) level in favor of the experimental group for which educational units were designed using artificial intelligence. The results also showed a large effect size between the pre- and post-application of the experimental group in favor of the post-application. In light of the results, the researcher made several recommendations, the most important of which are: the need to emphasize Artificial intelligence applications and their role in the educational process in colleges of education. Results demonstrated a clear impact on developing students' levels of scientific depth. Keywords: design, educational units, applications, artificial intelligence, levels of scientific depth, female students at the College of Education for Girls.

Studying and knowing the demographic characteristics related to working children in the study area is important in knowing the demographic structure, as a comprehensive survey method was used for them through a direct questionnaire for working children to know the reality of child labor, which numbered (491) working children.
The number of males reached (471) working children, while females reached (20) working children, as this number was distributed among five age groups that are responsible for work, as the fifth category was from (13- less than 15) years, with (319) There are (64) working children in these age groups, including those who are continuing their studies and those who have not completed elementary school, and (133) working children who have not completed intermediate school. As for those who are not continuing with school and with the title of reading and writing, they have reached (289) working children. As for those who Did not attend school, their number reached (5) working children, as the children’s work was within a certain season of the year, some of them work on a quarterly basis at the rate of (178) working children, and some of them work throughout the year at the rate of (313) working children, and these children live with their families, so it was The size of the family plays a role in child labor, as the number of children living in families of (5-7) individuals reached (214) working children, followed by families of (8-10) individuals with (187) working children, and these are the families with the most child labour. The family includes those who lost one or both parents, as the life situation of the parents showed the number of orphans, as the number of those who lost both parents reached (2) children, while those who lost one of the parents reached (27) working children, while those who live with parents reached (464) working children. As for housing ownership, the greatest weight may fall on working children who live in a rented house because they bear part of its expenses and live within the poverty line.

In this research, I address the systematic bombing of hospitals in Gaza during the 2023–2025 war, framing it as a grave violation of international humanitarian law (IHL). I begin by outlining the context of the conflict and the basic protections afforded to civilian infrastructure—particularly hospitals—under IHL. Through a comprehensive analysis of documented airstrikes, I identify targeting patterns and assess the legal implications of these actions in relation to the principles of distinction and proportionality. I argue that the Israeli entity\'s military operations not only violate established legal standards but also raise serious questions about accountability and the effectiveness of international response mechanisms. The study concludes with recommendations aimed at strengthening the protection of medical facilities in conflict zones and calls for greater international engagement in addressing violations of international humanitarian law. Ultimately, I underscore the urgent need to uphold and enforce humanitarian principles in modern warfare.

The audience is one of the important basic elements in the communication process , the recipient is considered the one who creates the echo and influence and contributes to the movement and continuity of the communication process , studying the specialized audience is one of the studies of great importance in order to know it and what it is looking for , this research is unique in studying the Iraqi public, an important segment of employees of the Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Antiquities, the General Union of Writers and Authors in Iraq, forums, cultural centers and institutions, academic and media circles interested in cultural news in Arab electronic newspapers , based on the main question of the research problem: What are the levels of the Iraqi public’s readership of cultural news in Arab electronic newspapers? the objectives of the research are to identify the extent to which the Iraqi cultural audience follows cultural news in Arab electronic newspapers , determining the level of its readership and clarifying the levels of regularity of the Iraqi cultural audience in reading cultural news in Arab electronic newspapers, diagnosing their habits of using Arab electronic newspaper websites and knowing the means through which they read cultural news and browse Arab cultural newspapers, the research is based on the descriptive survey method used by the researcher on a sample of the Iraqi public interested in reading and analyzing various cultural news in Arab electronic newspapers, the research was conducted on a community of 250 individuals, interested in Arab cultural affairs and in various specializations, using a comprehensive survey method.
The researcher relied on the electronic questionnaire tool to collect information, The research reached a set of results, the most important of which are:
The research results showed a high degree of interest among the respondents in reading cultural news in Arab.
The research results also showed a high degree of interest among the respondents in reading cultural news in Arab electronic newspapers.
The research results revealed that the regularity of reading cultural news is done through social media sites.

This research aims to find out the arguments establishing the structure of reality in the poetry of Sharif Falah Al-Kadhimi, who died in 1220 AH - praising Imam Ali (peace be upon him) - as a model, as it came in an introduction, an introduction and two sections. The first: includes the argument of the witness establishing the structure of reality, and the argument of the witness in the poetic argumentative discourse of the poet Sharif Falah Al-Kadhimi. The second section: includes the argument of the proverb establishing the structure of reality, and the argument of the proverb in the poetic argumentative discourse of the poet Sharif Falah Al-Kadhimi, then arriving at the conclusion and the results of the research until ending with a list of sources and references in alphabetical order.

The research discussed in its context some of the most important points on which the foundations of this research were based, as it discussed the ethical and social aspect of Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim (may his secret be sanctified). Sayyid al-Hakim is a milestone in contemporary Islamic thought and his influence extended through his diverse intellectual and ideological product. In order to address the ethical dimension in the thought of al-Hakim, because it represents an important moral dimension that can be invested educationally at the level of education and at the level of societySo there was a study and analysis of the moral discourse and its transformations because this discourse had many transformations just as it had different aspects. There were theoretical ethics that proceeded from the criterion of rationality. On the other hand, there were religious ethics trying to proceed from religion and studying the aspect of Islamic ethics that combines religion and morals, as ethics have a status It is important to the legal text and that the development of the moral spirit of the individual needs moral education and envisioning, as there is a need for moral awareness for the person to realize the wisdom of moral principles and this relationship Between religion and ethics, it made morality a characteristic of religious action, as well as presenting the ethical aspect through the stages of moral development by studying the ethical aspects of al-Kindi, al-Farabi, the brothers of al-Safa and Meskuya, and studying the importance of ethics in the Holy Qur’an and the sources of ethics in Islam.

Morocco, in its arid and semi-arid regions, faces increasing challenges in water resource management, impacting important economic sectors. These challenges are closely linked to environmental, social, and economic factors. These regions are characterized by low rainfall, making them vulnerable to recurring droughts that negatively impact water availability. At the local level, the eastern steppe regions are most affected by water scarcity for several reasons. The Tafrata Plain in eastern Morocco is one of the regions facing severe environmental challenges related to water resources, as indicated by the study results. This is due to its latitudinal location in a semi-arid climate that relies heavily on groundwater resources for human exploitation. This has led to a decline in groundwater levels due to the overexploitation of wells, especially in light of the spread of commercial agriculture that requires large quantities of water. Achieving sustainability in the study area remains linked to the need to strengthen participatory water resource management and support local populations in adopting agricultural practices that are less water-intensive, ensuring the preservation of these vital resources within the framework of sustainable agricultural development.

Religious thought is concentrated in a broad position among Arab and Islamic studies, and it enters into multiple and manifold fields of the joints of Arab and Islamic society in theory and behavior, and it has many literature, letters, statements, and attitudes towards all the events on its various topics, and many scholars and thinkers have criticized and renewed it, including from them Muhammad Iqbal , Murtada Al-Muthari, Muhammad Arkoun, and Sadiq Jalal Al-Azm, which is the subject of our research, and the question about which the research revolves is: Are the views of Sadiq Jalal Al-Azm in the topic of criticism of religious thought subject to critical study in terms of the foundations upon which his criticism is based and in terms of It has the same? As for the most important results of the research, it is: that Sadiq Jalal’s critical attitude towards the Qur’anic stories is a position that is limited to sense only, in addition to Sadiq Jalal’s passage of the fences of criticizing religious thought and his storming of the limits of religion, and that adopting Sadiq Jalal’s criticism for reconciling science and religion over fetal science It is an innovation based on confusion between Ijd with the natural law and the first, as well as a coup inference in his criticism for reconciling science and religion with reliance on wave theory, as it proved something in terms of its will to deny, as it proved the existence of the invisible in terms of its will to deny it.

The current research aims to identify the reality of using artificial intelligence applications among faculty members in the College of Education for Girls / University of Kufa while teaching the academic courses. The research was conducted in the academic year 2024-2025 AD. The research sample consisted of (81) faculty members from scientific and human specializations, representing 20% ​​of the total faculty members in the College of Education for Girls / University of Kufa, which numbered (406) faculty members for scientific and human specializations, with (45) faculty members from scientific specializations, and (36) faculty members from human specializations. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher prepared a scale for artificial intelligence applications consisting of (40) paragraphs, with (5) alternatives for each paragraph to answer. After verifying the validity and reliability of the scale and using appropriate statistical methods, the results showed that faculty members in the College of Education for Girls / University of Kufa use artificial intelligence applications, regardless of their scientific and human specializations, while teaching the academic courses that are compatible with their subjects. They study, with variations in the use of these applications depending on the faculty member's specialization and their need to use them while teaching their courses. Based on the research findings, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and proposals.

Travel has existed since the dawn of humanity and has played a vital role in geographical exploration among nations and people. It also serves as a means of connection and interaction between different cultures, contributing to mutual understanding, particularly in matters related to language, customs, and traditions. Travelers have taken diverse paths and possessed varied backgrounds and lifestyles. Some were scholars and religious figures, others were passionate wanderers, and some were adventurers driven by the desire to uncover the unknown lands and peoples. Others traveled for political or economic purposes.
Regardless of their objectives, travel accounts have always been significant, as they documented and described many events and places that were visited and observed. Without these journeys, the Western world, and the hole world either، would not have been able to gain insight into Iraq's conditions in the past or its abundant resources across various fields. As a result, many travelers visited Iraqi cities, including the holy city of Karbala.
The esteemed status of Karbala among both Muslims and non-Muslims has prompted numerous historians, writers, poets, travelers, and Orientalists from various religions, sects, and ethnicities to praise the city, visit it, and explore its shrines and landmarks—foremost among them the majestic shrine of Imam Hussain (peace be upon him) and his brother Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas (peace be upon him).
Among the notable figures who visited the holy city of Karbala was the Iranian traveler Mirza Saif al-Dawla, who visited in 1863 EC. His aim was to document and observe this ancient city, its heritage, and its landmarks—particularly the shrines of Imam Hussain (peace be upon him) and his brother Abu al-Fadl al-Abbas (peace be upon him).

The research touched on the most prominent thinkers of the Enlightenment era in the field of history, how to write historical events, and the emphasis on following a historical approach and benefiting from the history of the past. He was influenced by thinkers in Europe, including Montesquieu and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and that the idea of ​​history for him to advance the methodology of studying history is important in terms of time, place and people, and studying the transition of man from isolation and nomadism and the gradual development of the course of societies and events that man went through, and that progress does not depend on guesswork but rather on fixed laws according to the course of development of events and enlightenment and studying history according to a methodology that helps to understand history.

The aim of the research is to identify the phenomenon of electronic bullying among female students of the Institute of Fine Arts in Najaf Al-Ashraf and to identify the statistically significant differences in the phenomenon of electronic bullying among female students of the Institute of Fine Arts according to the variable of study type (morning, evening). The research sample consisted of (430) female students from the Institute of Fine Arts in the five academic stages of the morning and evening studies. A scale was applied to them that was prepared towards the phenomenon of electronic bullying consisting of (20) paragraphs, each paragraph has three alternatives for the answer. The validity and reliability of the scale were calculated, and the results showed that no forms and images of electronic bullying appeared among the research sample through the use of devious methods by female students that appear in images and forms of electronic bullying. Also, the female students of the Institute of Fine Arts have a high culture in communicating and dealing with peers through modern technologies and social networking sites. Also, there are no differences between morning and evening studies in the phenomenon of electronic bullying among female students of the institute. A set of recommendations and suggestions was reached.

Exit West by Mohsen Hamid is an influential novel that pursues the journey of two beloveds as they embark on their relationship amid the invasion of their city by extremists, resulting in its devastation and forcing them to emigrate to Europe. The novel explores the convoluted and complex emotions the couple experiences during their journey, revealing their conflicting feelings toward each other. As they face various challenges and obstacles, their love is put to the test, and they struggle to keep it alive. Therefore, the present analysis looks into how the aspects of dual emotions narrative and character development factors. More precisely, It explores how these emotions change because of the traumas that protagonists witnessed or endured and how these influence their interactions using the textual analysis following the principles of the attachment theory.

This study aims to conduct a critical discourse analysis of the image of Palestinians in the Arabic press. The portrayal of Palestinians in media can significantly influence public perceptions and attitudes towards this community. By examining the language, narratives, and discursive strategies employed in Arabic press coverage, this study seeks to uncover underlying ideologies and power dynamics that shape the image of Palestinians. This study adopts a qualitative research approach, employing methods such as discourse analysis, thematic analysis, and content analysis. A diverse sample of texts from the Arabic press will be selected, encompassing newspapers, online news portals, and other media outlets. The analysis will involve identifying recurring themes, examining the use of metaphors and rhetorical devices, and uncovering underlying ideologies and power dynamics. The findings of this study can contribute to a deeper understanding of the media's role in constructing and disseminating narratives about Palestinians. By critically examining the language and discourses used, it becomes possible to identify biases, stereotypes, and political agendas that may influence public opinion. This research can inform media literacy initiatives, journalism practices, and efforts to promote more balanced and ethical media representations of Palestinians.