Journal of Alsalam University

Abstract
This study examines the methodology of Imam Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (d. 310 AH/923 CE) in integrating tradition (riwaya) and independent reasoning (ijtihad) through a comprehensive analysis of his major works, "Jami‘ al-Bayan fi Ta’wil Ay al-Qur’an" and "Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk." The study aims to elucidate the concepts of riwaya and ijtihad in Tabari’s methodology, analyze their applications in his works, and evaluate the transformations in his approach and its impact on Islamic sciences, including tafsir, history, hadith, and fiqh. Employing an analytical approach, the study investigates Tabari’s texts, drawing on historical and contemporary references such as the works of al-Dhahabi, al-Subki, and Ibn Kathir, and compares his methodology with that of contemporaries like Ibn Majah and al-Khatib al-Baghdadi.
The findings demonstrate that Tabari achieved a balanced integration of authentic transmission and rational analysis, initially relying on riwaya as a foundation with meticulous authentication of chains of transmission, then employing ijtihad to evaluate traditions and analyze texts linguistically and contextually. His methodology evolved from a primary reliance on transmission to incorporating systematic rational and linguistic analysis, significantly enriching the fields of tafsir and history.
Tabari’s influence extended to subsequent generations, with his works serving as foundational references for exegetes and historians, particularly in authenticating narrations and historical analysis. However, his approach faced criticism for including conflicting narrations without always providing clear resolution and for occasionally prioritizing transmission over rational interpretation in ambiguous verses. The study recommends further comparative studies, the development of educational curricula inspired by Tabari’s balanced approach, and enhanced research into his jurisprudential contributions through the Jariri school.

Research Summary
Today, tourism and sports are viewed as key indicators of development and progress. Moreover, they have become an economic force that contributes to the growth and advancement of nations, especially as each complements the other within the framework of what is known as sports tourism.
Although this phenomenon has existed since ancient times, researchers’ contributions to it have increased with the growing importance of this sector, as it meets the needs of modern tourism demand. Therefore, countries must pay attention to it if they wish to secure a place in the tourism market—whether nationally or globally—through their development plans aimed at advancing both the tourism and sports sectors, creating alternative sources of funding to the oil industry, and transitioning from a rent-based economy to a diversified and integrated one.
Today, we observe numerous projects being implemented in response to and influenced by global market trends. Hence, states should seize this opportunity and invest in this field to make full use of all available resources.
Sports tourism is an old phenomenon that has recently developed significantly and gained increasing attention due to its growing importance worldwide. Today, the sports tourism market is considered one of the fastest-growing sectors in the global tourism industry.
Therefore, countries must give greater attention to this market, especially as it has become clear that reliance on the petroleum sector is no longer sustainable, and turning toward alternative solutions has become a necessity rather than a choice.

Abstract:
This research examines the Prophetic Hadiths that warn against forgetting the Qur’an after memorizing it, emphasizing the greatness and high status of the Qur’an in Islam and encouraging Muslims to maintain its recitation and contemplation. The study focuses on collecting the narrations related to this topic from the books of Hadith, verifying their authenticity, and analyzing their linguistic and contextual meanings. It also explores the educational and spiritual effects of preserving the Qur’an and regularly reviewing it, while warning against negligence that may lead to forgetting it, as this reflects a shortcoming in one’s duty toward the words of Allah Almighty. The study concludes that forgetting the Qur’an after memorizing it is religiously blameworthy because it indicates weak determination and lack of care for divine revelation, whereas constant recitation preserves the memorizer both in this world and the Hereafter.

Abstract
This research examines the impact of the narrative structure in Surah Yusuf on the comprehension of educational concepts among recipients. It employs a methodological analysis of the Qur'anic narrative framework and its stylistic features, focusing on the cognitive and pedagogical values it conveys. The study is based on the hypothesis that the Qur’anic narrative is not merely aesthetic but serves profound instructional and formative purposes. Using a descriptive analytical method, the research analyzes elements such as plot, characters, chronological progression, and dialogue, and how they collectively construct an effective educational structure. The findings reveal that the narrative of Surah Yusuf features an organic coherence between form and content, significantly enhancing comprehension, retention, and understanding. The study also demonstrates how the orderly sequence, tightly woven plot, and emotional dynamics of the surah contribute to embedding moral and educational values, offering valuable insights for contemporary educational curricula.

Abstract
This research presents a critical edition and analytical study of "The Treatise on Surah Al-An‘ām" by Mulla Khusraw (d. 885 AH)—a prominent 15th-century Ottoman scholar renowned for his works in jurisprudence, exegesis, and principles of Islamic law. The aim of this study is to revive and make accessible this valuable classical manuscript, demonstrating the intellectual rigor and linguistic precision of early Ottoman scholarship.
The study is divided into two main parts:
The first part discusses the author’s personal and academic biography, including his lineage, upbringing, teachers, students, and both printed and manuscript works. It highlights Mulla Khusraw’s distinguished role as a jurist and exegete within the Ottoman scholarly tradition.
The second part focuses on the critical verification and textual analysis of the manuscript, identifying the existing copies and outlining the author’s exegetical approach to Surah Al-An‘ām. His method involves concise yet insightful commentary on selected verses, engaging with and critiquing the interpretations of leading exegetes such as Al-Baydawi, Al-Zamakhshari, Al-Taftazani, and Al-Razi. The editor explains his own methodology in verifying the text, comparing manuscript variants, and referencing Qur’anic and linguistic sources.
The treatise exemplifies Mulla Khusraw’s analytical hermeneutics that integrate rhetoric, jurisprudence, and theology, with a clear focus on resolving exegetical disputes and elucidating the linguistic miracles of the Qur’an.

Summary
The Implicit negation is considered one of the important linguistic phenomena in the Arabic language, as scholars have relied on it especially in interpreting many linguistic issues and grammatical relations.

Summary
Imam Abu al-Muzaffar al-Sam'ani had unique jurisprudential choices, some of which he presented uniquely, as in his book Qawaati' al-Adillah fi al-Usul. Among these choices is the definition of consensus and its authority among the scholars of jurisprudence. He defined consensus linguistically and technically, outlined its most important limitations, and then explained the authority of consensus, stating that it is an absolute legal argument. He discussed and presented the evidence for this.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the research is organized into two sections. The first section includes a biography of Imam al-Sam'ani, and the second section examines his choices in defining consensus and its authority.

Abstract
This study aims to explore the impact of using the Merrill and Tennyson Model on the academic achievement of fifth-grade literary stream female students in history. The research addresses the need to enhance traditional teaching methods and foster active student engagement through the application of a constructivist-based instructional model that organizes educational content progressively, from simple to complex concepts.
The researcher adopted a quasi-experimental approach and selected a sample of 60 students, equally divided into two groups: the experimental group was taught using the Merrill and Tennyson Model, while the control group received instruction through conventional methods. A post-test was administered to assess academic achievement. The findings revealed statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group, indicating the model’s effectiveness. Based on these results, the study recommends integrating the Merrill and Tennyson Model in history instruction to improve student achievement and develop higher-order thinking skills.

Abstract
The current research aims to identify the direct or indirect impact of educational videos related to the subject or the societal context of this scientific information on the achievement of first-grade Islamic students in science. To confirm the research objective، the researcher formulated the following two null hypotheses:
1. There is no statistically significant difference at a significance level of (0.05) between the average scores of students in the experimental group، who will be taught using educational videos، and the average scores of the control group، who will be taught using the traditional method، in science achievement.
2. There is no statistically significant difference at a significance level of (0.05) between the average scores of students in the experimental group، who will be taught using the traditional method، and the average scores of the control group in first-grade students' achievement.
The researcher used a partially controlled experimental design with two equal independent groups: an experimental and a control group. The research sample was intentionally selected from first-grade intermediate students (Al-Anfal Girls' Secondary School) affiliated with the Department of Religious Education and Islamic Studies (2024-2025). The sample consisted of (30) students.

Abstract :
Progress and the increasing need of countries to communicate with each other and the increasing awareness of peoples and the spread of democratic principles and scientific and technological development that mad the world with all its countries similar to one family that affects and influence each other ,so it was necessary for the people of these countries to live in safety and exchange communication with each other in all areas of life , here it was necessary to have rules that organize these relations and are binding on all parties ,here international law appeared .Its rules have come to regulate these relation in all fields, and countries have come to regulate their relation through international treaties , which have become the primary and main source of the rules of public international law .the development of the role played by treaties in international life is clear in keeping pace with the development that has befallen the international treaties that regulate relation between countries has continued to increase .the Vienna Convention on the law of trea ties of 1969 played a treaties and the procedures for regulating them. In order for an international treaty to becom effective and binding on the parties, the procedures for implementing these treaties differs from one country to another according to what is stipulated in the constitution of those countrie Consquently , the legal value of the treaty differs.there are countries countries that have equated the treaty in value with ordinary legislation. And there are countries that have made it less valuable than ordinary legislation.
There are countries that require specific procedures in order for it to become Effective according to what is stipulated in the constitution of those countries.

Abstract
This research aims to study the sources of the phonetic lesson in the ancient Arabic linguistic lesson by presenting them and analyzing the methodology of dealing with them among the early linguists. The ancient phonetic efforts were distinguished by their reliance on hearing from the mouths of eloquent Arabs, the Holy Qur’an, recitations, and pre-Islamic poetry, in addition to what was mentioned in dictionaries and grammatical texts, such as the book “Al-Kitab” by Sibawayh and “Al-Khasa’is” by Ibn Jinni, These sources were analyzed within their cognitive and temporal context, and the methods of phonetic inference among the ancients were compared to the mechanisms of phonetic analysis in modern linguistic studies. The research showed that the ancient phonetic view was mixed with logic, grammar, and intonation, which gave the phonetic lesson a non-independent character, despite it containing precise signals that the ancients preceded many modern hypotheses.
The research concluded that these sources, despite the limited tools in that era, represent an important nucleus for the science of phonetics in the Arabic heritage, and call for a new reading that combines their original data with contemporary linguistic concepts .

Summary

The purpose of this research on the book "Ghuniyat al-Talabah bi Sharh al-Tayyibah" is to highlight two main objectives: first, to identify the words that were recited with two different forms from a morphological perspective; second, to study each form and the resulting morphological terms. The research also explores whether the variety in recitations leads to differences in meaning. I relied on existing studies in morphology as well as modern studies on morphological segments, which are among the features that distinguish one language from another — each language having its own specific segments. I studied this through books on grammar, morphology, and semantics, benefiting from the insights of modern linguistic studies in addition to the works of earlier scholars. All of these aspects greatly assist researchers in analyzing and studying any morphological phenomenon.

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of integrative teaching between mathematics and science through digital projects, as one of the modern approaches that combine interdisciplinary knowledge with the use of digital technologies in education. The research problem arises from the observed gap in teaching mathematics and science separately, which limits students’ ability to apply knowledge to real-life situations and complex problems that require both conceptual and practical integration. The study adopts a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest for two groups: an experimental group taught through integrative digital projects, and a control group taught using conventional methods. The research sample consists of 60 middle school students, equally divided into the two groups. Three main tools were employed: an achievement test measuring the comprehension of integrated mathematics and science concepts, a critical and creative thinking scale, and a questionnaire assessing students’ attitudes towards digital projects. A set of applied digital projects was designed (e.g., creating digital simulations of chemical reactions and building mathematical-scientific applications to calculate energy and motion) and implemented with the experimental group. The results revealed statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level between the mean scores of the two groups in favor of the experimental group in the achievement test. This indicates that integrative teaching using digital projects enhances academic achievement. The findings also showed a significant improvement in the experimental group’s critical and creative thinking skills compared to the control group. Furthermore, students expressed highly positive attitudes towards digital projects, reporting increased motivation and the ability to connect their learning with real-world contexts. The study concludes that integrative teaching through digital projects provides an effective model for creating an interactive learning environment that fosters both knowledge and interdisciplinary skills, while also highlighting the importance of incorporating technology into education. The research recommends training teachers to design and implement integrative digital projects and developing curricula that align with this instructional approach. Future research is suggested to explore the effectiveness of this method across different subjects and educational levels.

Summary
This study explores the artistic comparison between al-Busiri’s Burda and Safi Aldin Al-Hili’s Badi'ia as two prominent models in the tradition of prophetic praise poetry. Although united by their devotional purpose, the two poems differ stylistically. The research focuses on analyzing their artistic structures in terms of language, emotion, imagery, and rhetorical composition, while highlighting the aesthetic features that distinguish each poetic experience.
Through comparative analysis, it becomes evident that both poems draw from the wellspring of prophetic praise, yet each poet pursued a distinct artistic path: al-Busiri relied on emotional sincerity and deep Sufi expression, whereas al-Hili emphasized rhetorical craftsmanship and formal brilliance. Nevertheless, both succeeded in presenting a refined artistic image of the Prophet's stature, reflecting the diversity of poetic approaches in expressing religious meaning.
The study affirms that Arabic poetry—across all themes—possesses a remarkable ability for stylistic variation and creative shaping, reflecting its richness and flexibility. It also highlights the poet’s genius in coloring spiritual experience without compromising its core emotional and human essence.

Abstract
Islamic law commands the preservation of the mind, stresses its preservation, and protects it from everything that disturbs it, so that the Muslim can fulfill the legal duties in the optimal manner, and the enemies of the Islamic nation continue - throughout the ages and times - to work to corrupt members of Muslim society. By various means and methods, they are spending dearly and preciously in order to export all kinds of temptations and corruption to the people and youth of this nation. Perhaps the most dangerous weapon they have succeeded in exporting is drugs and intoxicants of all kinds, as they are one of the most important means of corruption and destruction, which the enemies of the nation have succeeded in promoting among the people of Islamic societies. It is no secret the extent of the great damage, in various fields, that is caused to societies in general, as a result of their falling into the mire of alcohol and drugs, and individuals and groups must confront such a deadly invasion, which they spread in the minds of young people. And luring them with money.

Research Summary
The Ingrami Constitution granted women the right to exercise all political and other rights, including the presidency of the republic or the liberal one.
There is no doubt that today, many ministries have been created, with the Ministry of Social Affairs becoming a ministry that empowers women to assume such ministries. Women may also assume membership in the Legal Council, provided this does not contradict Islamic law or violate its principles. However, the conditions for this are not to have a majority of women in the general assembly of the state, as the majority has prevailed. Generally speaking, a nation that entrusts its affairs to a woman has never prospered. It is clear that a woman is not obligated to lead men in prayer, whether in the mosque or elsewhere. It is permissible for her to lead women in prayer, standing among them.

Abstract
This research explores the morphological evidence in the book (Explanation of the Detailed Treatise on the Art of Grammar, also known as Al-Takhmir), examining the concept of morphology and its linguistic and technical structure, clarifying the evidential controls in terms of the morphological scale and the meanings of the weights. Furthermore, the study considers how the transposition of a word from one morphological form to another can generate a range of new meanings. Therefore, morphology is a science on its own, comparable to, and perhaps even surpassing, grammar in importance, as it focuses on the structure of the word itself. Accordingly, the central issue addressed in this research -this modest proposal- revolves around morphological structure and its semantic value in the context of multiple meanings.

Abstract
This study aims to examine the morphological phenomena related to the dual and plural forms in Qur’anic readings, focusing on the second quarter of the Qur’an within a morphological-semantic framework. The research is based on surveying the instances of variation between dual and plural forms in both canonical and anomalous readings, and on analyzing how these morphological shifts influence meaning and enrich the semantic dimensions of the Qur’anic text.
The study proceeds from the premise that Arabic morphological structure is not merely formal, but carries deep interpretive meanings. The variation between dual and plural forms is not simply linguistic diversity, but contributes to constructing multiple layers of meaning and reveals rhetorical and contextual purposes. The research also addresses the phenomenon of iltifāt (stylistic shift) between number forms—such as transitions from dual to plural—and highlights its effect in energizing discourse and capturing the listener’s attention.
The findings demonstrate that Qur’anic readings represent a rich linguistic reservoir and a living interpretation of the text. The study shows how morphological transformation between dual and plural forms can deepen the understanding of the Qur’anic message and broaden its semantic range. The research recommends expanding this line of study to include other morphological phenomena that have interpretive impact in Qur’anic readings.

Research summary
In my research entitled \"Majma\' al-Ahkam fi Fur\' al-Fiqh al-Hanafi by Mustafa ibn Idris al-Barusawi from the Beginning of the Manuscript to the End of the Book of Purification / A Study and Investigation\"، I studied and investigated one of the most prominent Ottoman jurisprudential works. \"Majma\' al-Ahkam\" is one of the books that combines the precision of Hanafi jurisprudence with clarity of presentation، and it demonstrates the author\'s skill in arranging jurisprudential issues in a systematic manner. My aim in this study was to highlight the scientific value of the book within the Hanafi jurisprudential heritage، while analyzing the author\'s approach to presenting jurisprudential issues in the Book of Purification، and documenting and verifying the text according to the rules of approved scientific research.
The most important findings of the research are that \"Majma\' al-Ahkam\" is an important reference in Ottoman Hanafi jurisprudence. The research demonstrated the author\'s precision in transmission and arrangement، while adhering to the Hanafi methodology. Furthermore، it contributed to reviving an important jurisprudential heritage that has not received its due study and investigation.

Research Summary
The phenomenon of the hamza has attracted the attention of scholars, both ancient and modern, because it is based on a sound whose form, description, and relationship to other sounds, particularly long vowels, have been disputed. It is one of the well-known phonetic phenomena in Arabic speech, receiving considerable attention and the attention of linguists and scholars of tajweed. It has occupied a significant portion of phonetic studies. There was a great deal of disagreement about it between grammarians and readers, as well as between the ancients and the moderns, and it was singled out for a flood of books and research that dealt with it in its conditions, forms and phonetic characteristics. The phenomenon of the hamza was originally one of the most prominent phonetic phenomena that differentiated the dialects of the central and eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula from the dialects of the Hijazi environment, and this phenomenon remains a linguistic legacy that is in circulation to this day. We must begin our discussion of it by defining it, and examining its origin, characteristics, conditions, and forms.

Research Summary
The research deals with issues of fasting that are considered jurisprudential issues with recurring trials in the month of Ramadan. It is based on the most important legal evidence from the Qur’an and Sunnah after presenting the statements of jurists from various Islamic schools of thought and clarifying the points of agreement and disagreement. Jurists permitted breaking the fast when necessary to avoid harm and protect one's life. However, they differed on what is required after breaking the fast. Some of them held that it is only obligatory to make up the fast, others held that it is necessary to combine making up the fast with expiation, while some were satisfied with the ransom.
I concluded that the legal objective is to achieve a balance between performing the obligation of fasting and maintaining human safety, and to provide legal alternatives that take into account the condition and circumstances of the person obligated to fast. This confirms the validity of Islamic law for all times and places.

Abstract
Liability is a condition for the validity of all verbal and physical actions. Without it, the action has no legal or religious effect. Therefore, legal and religious action are linked to legal capacity, both in its presence and absence. It combines the concepts of discernment, perception, and will, among other things.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the study is organized into two sections: the first defines the general terminology of the study, while the second section focuses on the concept of guardianship.

Abstract
Islamic jurisprudence in general, and jurisprudence of new issues in particular, are among the most important sciences concerned with organizing the life of the Muslim. The diligent jurists played a great role in dealing with new developments and life events for which there was no previous explicit text.
Among the most prominent of these imams was the distinguished jurist Abu Al-Qasim Ibn Ahmad Al-Barzili Al-Balawi (841 AH), who represented a vital turning point in Maliki jurisprudence in the Islamic Maghreb, as he was not merely a transmitter, but rather a jurist with vision and diligence in his time. This research examines the rulings on mosques, as houses of God, and addresses their decorations, lighting, and the management of their funds. This highlights the importance of these places in the lives of Muslims.

Abstract
The invention of television has marked the inauguration of a new cultural era in which the visual media took over and substituted the written modes of literary expression. From the mid-fifties onwards, TV has become one of the major media used to present or adapt modern and classical literary works. In Time, TV succeeded in developing its special modes of visual –oriented literary expression in accordance with its special demands &limitations as a medium of mass communication received by an average mass audience in domestic surroundings. During the sixties, the art of televisual dramatic writing crystallized and developed so increasingly that TV drama became an individual art apart from the art of theatre drama.
Nevertheless, the recognition of television’s endless potentialities and the huge impact it can have on every field of education and literature has not saved the medium from the calls of hostility and condemnation accusing it of being the enemy of literature due to its being a cheap and vulgar medium, which cannot present artistic or literary works of real value.
This paper investigates the complex relationship between television and literature. It explores how television has influenced the narrative structures and thematic content of contemporary literature and the reading habits and preferences of audiences. The paper examines specific examples of how television has incorporated literary elements and inspired new literary genres and subgenres. Furthermore, it analyzes research on how television viewing patterns potentially affect audience engagement with literary works. The paper concludes by discussing the potential for a symbiotic relationship between television and literature, where both mediums can benefit from cross-pollination and adaptation.
The present paper demonstrates that TV is a cultural phenomenon that has changed the way we perceive art & literature and the diverse ways it has, positively or negatively, influenced modern literature in general and drama in particular.

Abstract
Harold Pinter examined the circumstances in which humanity found itself utterly despondent and in adverse situations during the latter part of the 20th century. Many households faced significant distress as individuals confronted threats, turmoil, suffering, fear, pain, communication failures, identity struggles, and numerous other challenges. In today's world, countless families bore the burden of hardship stemming from World War II, affecting not only London but nations globally. Pinter portrays dysfunctional British households and a deeply troubled society in his work The Homecoming.
The conflicts that emerge among the members of a family in post-war London serve as the focus of the narrative. It symbolizes the condition of humanity in a secular scientific landscape, which has ultimately left