Islamic Sciences Journal

All praise is due to Allah, who revealed His Book as guidance and mercy for all worlds. May blessings and peace be upon the best of Messengers, Muhammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh, his family, his Companions, and all who follow them with excellence until the Day of Judgment.
This study aims to analyze the patterns of Qur’ānic inference in the chapter on Adab al-Dunyā (Worldly Conduct) by Imām al-Māwardī, as presented in his renowned work Adab al-Dunyā wa al-Dīn. The research focused on collecting the Qur’ānic verses cited by al-Māwardī, documenting them, and then examining their meanings and the strength of his deductions within the intellectual and ethical context of the chapter.
This research effort, entitled “Patterns of Qur’ānic Inference in the Chapter on Worldly Conduct by Imām al-Māwardī through his Book Adab al-Dunyā wa al-Dīn*,” is a humble contribution compared to what the scholars of this Ummah have offered in the service of knowledge and religion. We ask Allah to make it beneficial and accepted.
The study comprises two main sections: the first explores the biography of Imām al-Māwardī (may Allah have mercy on him), while the second is dedicated to examining the Qur’ānic citations in the chapter on worldly conduct.
And Allah is the Grantor of success

This study investigates the meaning of the original nature in the manuscript of (Matalib al-Wusul fi Khulasat Nawadir al-Usul) by Sheikh Ali Zadeh Abdul-Baqi bin Muhammad bin Ibrahim (d. 1159 AH). It is divided into two sections; the first one focuses on the author of the manuscript and the commentator, and it's devided into 3 subsections: The first discussing the author, Imam al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi, the second subsection discussing the commentator, Ali Zadeh, and the third: the methodology in authenticating the manuscript. As for the second section, it involves the actual critical edition for the text under investigation, from which these panels are selected such as panel /17v/ to panel /19r/. Moreover, this study is based on the scientific investigation methodology. Finally, it is concluded with results supported by hadith explanations, noting that this manuscript was not printed or published

The concept of a bequest is an ancient one, dating back to pre-Islamic times, when wealthy individuals would spend their money as they pleased without restrictions, which diminished the value of bequests. With the advent of Islam, the bequest was redefined with conditions that had not existed before, becoming contingent upon the death of the testator. The bequest was legislated to meet the needs of people and assist the poor, with a legal wisdom that prohibits bequests to heirs, preventing them from receiving the testator's wealth twice. This means that a person who receives money does so once through the inheritance they are entitled to by law and again through the bequest that the testator may have designated for them.
Islamic law also stipulates that a bequest may not exceed one-third of the estate without the heirs' consent, thus safeguarding their rights. The virtues of Islamic law also include providing means for people to benefit in this world and the hereafter, as a bequest can accrue rewards for the testator even after their death. The bequest in Islam is characterized by justice and mercy, ensuring that heirs receive their rightful share of the estate, which is the largest portion. Ultimately, Islam is considered a system that guarantees the rights of all, making the topic of bequests a matter of significant interest. Therefore, I was motivated to present a comprehensive study on this subject

This study addresses the objective dimensions in the prohibition of interfaith marriages between Judaism and Christianity within a comparative framework. It demonstrates that both religions have taken firm stances regarding marriage between followers of different faiths. Judaism strictly forbids marriage between followers of different religions, citing the protection of religion, race, and the unity of the people, as well as the fulfillment of the divine promise. In contrast, Christianity rejects marriage between believers and non-believers, considering it a threat to Christian faith and the sacred sacrament of marriage. However, it shows relative flexibility in cases of sectarian differences, with strict conditions in place

The title of the research: [The Hadiths of the imperative verb in the book Sharh Mashariq al-Anwar by Muhammad ibn Mustafa Muslih al-Din al-Qawjawi, famously known as Shaykh Zadeh (d. 951 AH) (Study and Verification)]. Due to the importance of this commentary, which deals with the blessed Sunnah, we, the sons of this immortal nation and the descendants of these great ancestors, saw it as necessary for us to strive for what they strived for in order to complete their mission and preserve their works from extinction and loss after the occurrence of the many calamities that befell the Islamic world, which exceeded imagination in terms of apparent and hidden hatred and many conspiracies. For this reason, we sought to preserve one of the works of one of the great scholars. The reason for our choice of this commentary is that its author elaborated on the arts of Islamic jurisprudence and the various legal rulings, so he produced the commentary in an organized manner, and simplicity, ease, and refinement appeared in it in terms of composition, so it came with the diversity of issues and legal rulings that he spoke about. The research plan for this study consists of an introduction and two main sections. The first section focuses on the author and contains two subsections: Subsection 1: The author's biography.
Subsection 2: The author's academic background.
The second section focuses on the work itself and also contains two subsections: Subsection 1: A description of the manuscript, its methodology, and its significance.
Subsection 2: An analysis of the edited text.

Scholars of Sufism, jurisprudence, and Islamic philosophical thought have collectively contributed essentially to developing a comprehensive ethical system integrating theoretical foundations with practical applications. This study aims to uncover the features of the ethical conception in the thought of both Imam Al-Ghazali and Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al-Kilani by tracing the intellectual and epistemological foundations each started from, analyzing the central values forming the core of their ethical systems, and then conducting a critical comparison revealing points of convergence and divergence between them. The research is divided into three main sections, each including three topics, followed by a conclusion summarizing the primary findings. Among these findings: the ethical systems of both Imam Al-Ghazali and Sheikh Abdul Qadir Al-Kilani originate from a common Islamic reference framework, where the Quran and the prophetic Sunnah form the basis of every virtue and ethical behavior. Imam Al-Ghazali combined the philosophical rational method with Sufism, focusing on the analysis of the self and the ranks of virtues, while Sheikh Al-Kilani emphasized the practical, educational, and sermonic approach to applying ethics in daily life. The key recommendations include advocating reliance on blending Al-Ghazali’s intellectual depth with Al-Kilani’s practical approach in designing modern ethical education programs, and developing curricula and educational programs aimed at fostering honesty, sincerity, humility, asceticism, patience, and reliance on God within students and society.

This study examines the theological ruling on the vision of God Almighty in the after life, as articulated by Imam Taj al-Din al-Hamawi (may God have mercy on him). The research demonstrates that the believers’ beholding of their Lord on the Day of Resurrection is not only permissible but also supported by transmitted textual evidence and rational arguments. Additionally, the study addresses and refutes the objections raised by opposing viewpoints.

This study aimed to investigate the narrations of the successor (tabi'i) Amr bin Maymun Al-Awdi in the book Sunan Abi Dawood, through a comprehensive critical hadith analysis that included sourcing the narrations, verifying the chains of transmission, and identifying the subtle isnad nuances and derived benefits. Six of his hadiths were analyzed, five of which were found to be authentic (sahih) and one was hasan in the studied sample. The results showed that his narrations were predominantly authentic, his chains were sound, and his transmitters demonstrated strong accuracy, with minor verbal variations that did not affect meaning or ruling.
The study confirms the standing of Amr ibn Maymun al-Awdi among the tabi‘in, the confidence hadith scholars place in his narrations, and the importance of giving his narrations attention in service of the Prophetic Sunnah.

This research addresses the commentaries of Sheikh Khalil bin Hassan bin Muhammad al-Tirawi (may God have mercy on him), known as "Qarah Khalil," who died in 1123 AH, on Minqari Zadah's work concerning the issue of arbitration. The study includes a critical edition and investigation. It also covers the personal and scholarly life of Sheikh Qarah Khalil and the methodology followed in the verification process. Sheikh Qarah Khalil wrote and commented on this arbitration issue, explaining the ethics of discussion, the proper manner of arbitration, how to deal with opposing opinions, and the respect and reverence owed to scholars.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the Seal of the Prophets and Messengers, our Prophet Muhammad, and upon his family and companions.
This study, titled “The Traditions Reported from Lady Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) in Tahdhib al-Lughah by al-Azhari (370 AH): A Collection and Study – Selected Examples”, aims to collect and analyze the narrations attributed to Lady Aisha found in al-Azhari’s linguistic encyclopedia.
The first section discusses the life of Imam al-Azhari and his work Tahdhib al-Lughah. The second section examines the selected reports from Lady Aisha. Each narration was verified according to the main sources of Hadith. Priority was given to Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim if the narration appeared in them, followed by the four Sunan works in order of authenticity, then the remaining canonical collections, Musnads, Mu‘jams, and other Hadith compilations. The chains of transmission were analyzed, and judgments were made based on the reliability of the narrators when not explicitly graded by recognized Hadith scholars.
The research concludes with key findings related to the authenticity and linguistic value of these narrations within al-Azhari’s work. The study ends with a list of consulted sources.
May Allah accept this humble effort and make it beneficial to those who read it.

The topic of impediments to legal capacity, with drugs as a model, is a complex subject that combines foundational and jurisprudential aspects on one side and legal and social aspects on the other. This research aims to shed light on the concept of legal capacity in Islamic Sharia and civil law, and to clarify the impediments affecting it, with a focus on drugs as one of the most dangerous acquired impediments influencing a person's fitness for legal responsibility and transactions. The introduction defines legal capacity and its types, explains the impediments and their categories. The first section addresses the stance of Sharia and law on drugs regarding definitions, rulings, and history. The second section studies the impact of drugs on legal capacity in its three aspects: criminal, civil, and religious, comparing Islamic jurisprudence with positive laws. The third section presents judicial applications, religious edicts, and modern laws addressing this phenomenon. The study concludes that Islamic Sharia preceded positive law in criminalizing drugs and linked their prohibition to preserving intellect, while positive laws focused on protecting public order and health. The research emphasizes the importance of strengthening the role of religious and legal institutions in confronting this plague and enhancing comparative studies that highlight the capability of Islamic jurisprudence to address contemporary issues

The issue of women's work is one of the contemporary issues that sparked a great controversy, and it is one of the jurisprudential issues in which the opinions of advanced jurists varied, and perhaps the reason for their lack of exposure to this issue is the difference in the nature of work in advanced times, compared to late times, as well as the change of social standards governing work and its nature, and the economic and organizational conditions that differed from before. Until women's work has become one of the rights guaranteed by all contemporary systems in the world, while early scholars regarded women's work as a duty that involved hardship and burden for her, and therefore we find that the contemporaries who wrote about this topic have prolonged talking about it.
This research examines the jurisprudential rules related to the subject of women’s work, the rules upon which the legal ruling is based, as explained by the jurists in clarifying them, their meanings, and the origins of these rules. It then discusses the evidence for these rules, the manner in which that evidence indicates their meanings, and the branches derived from them. Finally, the study presents a number of classical and contemporary applications that establish the regulations governing women’s work in light of these jurisprudential rules.

The research titled “Distribution of Duties in the Noble Prophetic Sunnah: An Analytical Study of the Hadith ‘Each of You Is a Shepherd, and Each of You Is Responsible for His Flock’” explores the prophetic tradition that emphasizes responsibility within society according to one’s position and capability. It highlights how tasks are distributed among individuals and discusses the great responsibility placed upon women regarding their husbands, children, and other obligations mentioned in the noble Hadith. The structure of the study consists of three sections:
The first section presents preliminary definitions; the second section discusses the distribution of duties; and the third section provides an analytical study of the aforementioned Hadith. Finally, the research concludes with a summary of findings and a list of sources and references

In this study, I examined the life and scholarly contributions of one of the prominent figures of Islam—Imam Muhammad ibn Ibrahim, known as Ibn al-Hanbali (may Allah have mercy on him), who passed away in 971 AH. I also edited and verified a portion of his manuscript "Dhibālatu al-Sirāj ʿalā Risālati al-Sirāj", specifically the section dealing with the children of the fourth category (awlād al-ṣinf al-rābiʿ).
The book "Dhibālatu al-Sirāj ʿalā Risālati al-Sirāj" is an extensive scholarly encyclopedia on inheritance law (farāʾiḍ) within the Ḥanafī school of jurisprudence. It is considered a significant and authoritative reference in the madhhab. Therefore, it was necessary to bring this valuable work out of the realm of manuscripts and into the world of printed publications, making it accessible to researchers and allowing its benefits to be widely disseminated.
After studying the life of the author, I undertook the task of verifying and analyzing this part of the manuscript. This included clarifying obscure terms, authenticating the hadiths it contains, identifying notable figures and technical terms, and referencing the original sources cited by Imam Ibn al-Hanbali (may Allah have mercy on him). All of this was done in accordance with the rigorous methods of scholarly manuscript verification. All praise is due to Allah, Lord of the Worlds.

This research explores the life of Al-Farabi (may Allah have mercy on him) and the mawquf (suspended or attributed to companions) hadiths documented in his work Diwan al-Adab. The study employs an inductive-analytical methodology in examining both his biography and the hadiths. A total of (2 ) hadiths were analyzed, following scientific principles of hadith criticism and authentication. The study reveals that Al-Farabi’s Diwan al-Adab includes a substantial number of noble Prophetic traditions that warrant rigorous scrutiny and academic attention. Like other classical linguistic works, Al-Farabi's book contains some weak narrations, emphasizing the need for scholarly review and clarification for readers.
The research structure begins with an introduction addressing the significance of the topic, the reasons behind its selection, previous studies in the field, and the adopted methodology, and it is organized as the following; The first section is dedicated to his personal life, while the second focuses on his scholarly contributions

This study investigates the theological and intellectual legacy of Imam Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī, a pivotal figure who emerged after the conclusion of the first three virtuous generations of Islam. His rise coincided with the proliferation of various Islamic sects and doctrinal schools, some of which adopted extreme rationalism in their theological formulations. Imam al-Ashʿarī distinguished himself by his clear and principled defense of the beliefs of Ahl al-Sunnah (Sunni orthodoxy). His extensive knowledge of competing theological factions allowed him to engage in rigorous debates, through which he offered well-informed refutations. Over time, his school of thought—known as the Ashʿarī school—became one of the most influential traditions in Islamic theology, widely embraced by Sunni scholars.
The present research centers on a manuscript that highlights the virtues and selected doctrinal perspectives of Imam al-Ashʿarī. Upon discovering the manuscript, I divided it into three distinct studies. This paper constitutes the second part. The manuscript has been critically edited, with authenticated ḥadīths and explanatory footnotes provided for historical figures and theological terms mentioned therein. The study is organized into three main chapters. Chapter One presents the lineage, name origin, birth, and early upbringing of Imam al-Ashʿarī. Chapter Two delves into his theological and intellectual contributions. Chapter Three provides the edited text of the manuscript itself. Through this analysis, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of Imam al-Ashʿarī’s thought and his enduring impact on Islamic theology