Journal of Physical Education

Football from popular task the referees the most important elements this game through this study shows the importance of physical training mental and its effects the level of performance for referees and especially woman referees which entered the game in the newly in our country was used physical exercise mind through films and means to assist through visualization some of the cases do the articles of law and also exercises the evolution of the level of performance of the rulers of woman the research sample 12 of referees certified by the Iraqi central football and referees committee achtbarien was chosen for this study including mental cognitive test approved by the referees committee the second test questionnaire to assess the level of performance.

The objective of the research was to identify the impact of rehabilitative therapeutic exercises on the muscles involved in the injured tennis elbow and the skill performance of the backhand stroke in table tennis. It was hypothesized that there would be statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test results of the rehabilitative therapeutic exercises for the muscles associated with the injured tennis elbow and the skill performance of the backhand stroke in table tennis. The researchers addressed theoretical studies that encompassed various topics related to the research subject. An experimental methodology was employed, and the research population consisted of a group of third-year students suffering from tennis elbow at the College of Physical Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, during the academic year (2012 - 2013), totaling (7) students who practiced table tennis. The sample was selected intentionally from the original research population of (145) students and was divided into a single group comprising (7) students. The duration of the therapeutic exercises and skill training was (8) weeks, with (3) sessions per week. Upon completion of the program, post-tests were conducted, and appropriate statistical treatments were utilized to derive the results. Subsequently, the results were presented, analyzed, and discussed. The researchers concluded that the therapeutic exercises played a complementary role in enhancing the skill performance of the backhand stroke in table tennis. Among the key recommendations was the necessity of developing rehabilitative programs for injuries in other sports.

The functional devices and the cells and tissue of the body of whatsoever kind by the athletic activities and the kind and heaviness of the training but the responses are diverse with unmeasured or unknown ranges in certain cases. The research, therefore, aimed at setting a training program with different tensions and knowing the effect of this program on each of the growth hormone and the anaerobic, and capacity within Track and Field Athletes Of long distances (12 km) and see the effect of the program on each of the growth hormone and capacity anaerobic, phosphogenic and claticklong distances (12 km suburb). A deliberate sample of (6) runners was chosen and the experimental method used for that being the way to solve this problem. Several means and equipment were used the most important of which was a training program with different tensions from (70-95-100 %) of the susceptibility of running for a period of eight weeks and four training units per week time each module ( 60-70 m) and after getting the results by doing the statistical treatments. Several conclusions were reached, the most important of them are the following: 1. The training program prepared for eight weeks and four training modules and a time of (60m) help to increase growth hormone to protect the body's cells and its continual energy . 2. The training program, prepared for the impact on both capacity and anaerobic, phosphogenic and clatick ,is the program that contributed to the continuity in the production of energy. The most important recommendations were the following: 1. Making a similar study for different exercises. 2. Making a similar study for different ages.

The research included five parts, in 1st part, the researcher mentioned of the importance of research, presentation of the problem, and installs the objectives mentioned areas of research. 2nd part has included theoretical studies which were in regard to the subject. 3rd part, the researcher dealt with the research methodology and procedures, the research method was a survey, then she across the research sample with details and the method chosen, then she mention to equipment and the tools which used to research and measurements of height, weight, and direction. At the end of this part the researchers mention the means of statistical which used in the search. Part 4th the researchers offered from the results obtained through them and they analyzed and discussed these results. In Part 5th the researchers showing conclusions obtained from the analysis and discussion of results and finally the researchers mention some of the recommendations that came on regarding what the researchers concluded.

The research includes five sections are: Part I: Definition of research. The sports psychology a science which has received study and research to reach the scientific facts that contribute to the development levels of sports as it tries to study in a scientific manner the behavior and experience of the individual and its mentality associated with the activity sports on various fields and levels and try to description and interpretation and unpredictable to benefit from the knowledge and information gained in practical application. The Football game depends on several pillars of which (referee, coach, player ... etc) and that the most important of these staff are the rules and the laws of the game and applied by the crew arbitration author of four referees (r. Square, judgments assistants, the fourth official) from here illustrated the importance of assistant referees in football in the game for them to maximum effect in the course of the game. Assistant referees are exposed to pressures and emotions psychological prevent occurrence of responses to mental and physical fast, Anxiety psychological one manifestation of emotions psychological, which may affect the degree and clear on the performance of the assistant referee during the match and going concern during and before the game for many reasons, including (the public, the players, the technical area, the nature and circumstances game, etc.). And the performance of the assistant referee and by virtue of its close proximity to the technical area and the associated the public platform concerned, which may lead to a not of self-confidence and thus contributing to the error and the failure to perform the functions entrusted to him and which affects the assessment of the degree of Assistant Referee. From here came the importance of research to know the worry of the situation and its relationship to the performance of assistant referees in football. The problem of searching: through the experience of the researcher as a player, such as the youth teams and the young and the University of Baghdad and the arbiter of first grade participant in the leadership of Premier League matches found that the assistant referees make mistakes affect the outcome of games, and that these errors were the result of differing level of anxiety before and during the game as well as the background owned by the assistant referee addition to the researcher noted the lack of presence of the studies concerned with psycho with the assistant referees, as well as the lack of the existence of training programs and psychological science for the purpose of psychological preparation with the assistant referees to reduce psychological distress multiple and take advantage of the concern the situation to be a facilitator for them, that all of these variables contribute to the deterioration of performance of the assistant referees and increase the error rate in the games, and the researcher will address part of these problems which concern the case with assistant referees in football. Research Goals researcher aims to: 1. To identify the level of concern at the situation assistant referees in football. 2. To identify the level of performance of the assistant referees in football. 3. Identifying Keywords concern among case when assistant referees and the level of their performance in the games. Part II: theoretical studies and similar. This door on several issues related to research and researcher reviewed by , the literature relating to the concern of the situation and concepts related to it, referring to the assistant referees in football , and then to address the concerns in the field of sports and assistant referees in football , as well as similar studies related to the search topic. Part III: research methodology and procedures of the field. This included door approach used by the researcher , a descriptive approach in a manner of mutual relations and in studies connectivity , and a description of the research sample , and included a description of the form scale concern the situation and the evaluation form assistant referees and the statistical methods used by the researcher. Part IV: Results, analysis and discussion. Ensure this section view and analyze and discuss the results obtained by the researcher through two scales users. Part V: Conclusions and Recommendations. Through discussion of the results researcher reached several conclusions where he found that there is a relationship between the concern of the situation and the level of performance of the assistant referees in football and through his studies have been identified at the level of concern of the situation and Msnoy performance to them, has been to reach a set of recommendations, including the need to develop programs for referees assistants specializes in the development of psychological qualities to them.

The importance of research is to analysis effort of free player and his activity according to statistic numbers and rate that coaches make them in training course to achieve win of match. The aims are: 1. Knowing the performance level of defense skills for free player of teams that participate in aljamhoriaa championship for men of wheelchair volleyball . 2. 2-Knowing the relationship between defense skills (reception , defense of playground) for free player with arrange to participated teams in aljamhoriaa championship for men of wheelchair volleyball . The two researchers suppose the teams that have free player are best in arrange than those do not play in this system for wheelchair volleyball. The two researchers show the role of free player and importance of defense skills in wheelchair volleyball games .They use descriptive program analysis style because it suit to a problem ,the sample of research , tools that used ,form of notes , spotting experience and statistic means to output results. The results are: 1. There is relation between level of free player and arrange of teams of championship. 2. There is some teams that do not play in free player system. 3. The best free player is not necessary to be one of win team. 4. Most teams depend on one free player and that makes physical and psychology effort that leads to weakness in success the defense while the new law allow two players. The two researchers recommended to: 1. It is necessary to find more than one free player in team and in training for defense aspects. 2. 2-Be specialization enough time to daily training courses in order to construct defense plans that depend on the major role of free player.

The introduction and the importance of the research, addressed the development that is happening in the world through the scientific revolution in sports science and the role of the devices in raising the level of the sports and the output achieved, as well as the diversity in the use of means of training in the different modern sports , especially in soccer . The problem of the research lies in the need of a design to development the response speed. The objectives of the research are: Designing a device to develop the motor and the speed of response speed and setting exercises by the device. There are statistical differences between the pre and post tests of the two sets of the study in favor of the pre tests and the experimental group. The Research domains domain represented by the(20) young players of Al-Nafot soccer team which . The researcher used the experimental method applied on (20) players divided into control and experimental groups. It included exercises, experimental experience, pre test, statistical means, and post test. The statistical processing results and its analysis sorted in tables were shown. It is concluded that the use of devices and visual stimuli has an important and positive role in the development of the motor speed of response. Which is recommended in this study

The research aims to identify the relationship between the organizational strength and organizational identity with the principals of junior high school, as the researcher used the descriptive approach, and included a sample of directors of junior high school (male / female) for the Directorate of Education Karkh first, totaling (20) director and director, as it has been selected in a manner Random, as the percentage of the sample (8.58 %) of the research community's (34) Director / and director of Karkh first, as it has been preparing a questionnaire consisting of two measures (organizational strength and organizational identity) that have been Aaddha advance after some modifications to fit the school environment, the questionnaire has been distributed for research managers Preparatory schools, then the researcher used the statistical bag of Social Sciences (spss) to address the results of her research, and the researcher concluded that there are significant correlation between organizational strength and organizational identity among junior high school principals.

The study examined the game of basketball being one of the games that you play in a short time and small space imposed on players master the various skills and was the greatest attention focused "on the skill of shooting jump which is one of the most difficult skills and used at different speeds depending on the circumstances of the game and the defensive, while the importance of the research was to subjecting national team players basketball to study in order to obtain the values of variables bio mechanics depending on the speed the players after the performance steps approximate and accompanied by differences in these values depending on to their speed, and because of the large number of changes that occur in the game and the different speed of the players in the starting to the basket a moment ago correction and surrounding this skill of influences and blurred vision have trained in different some of the values of variables bio mechanics accordingly "to change the speed coming out players and maybe of errors in the process of correction, there Quicken appropriate maximum to ensure you get the best performance and otherwise cause a failure in the process of correction, The study aimed to identify the differences in the values of some variables bio mechanics in approaching the stage and at different speeds when shooting jump performance. It has been used in the study descriptive approach to five players from the national team basketball as it has been to give each player ten attempts to lead correction as quickly as desired by the After selecting the area where the process of correction and after the analysis process bio mechanics by analysis program Dart fish on the variables of the study, as showed differences in the values of these variables depending on "the speed of the players when performing correction by jumping from where angle body and the time of flight and the maximum height in addition to the angle of flight the ball and this shows that these differences were a result of the amount of momentum coming out of players and that affect the values, the most important recommendations that came out the study is to emphasize during the exercises to be approaching the speed increased commensurate with the requirements of correction in addition to the site that inappropriate speed caused a change in some of the variables that are supposed to be controlled during the correction jumping basketball

The study aimed to identify the top of the electrical activity of the muscle rectus femoris of the two men and the momentum of the two men for takeoff during the beating overwhelming volleyball and get to know the relationship between the top of the electrical activity of the muscle rectus femoris momentum of the two men for takeoff during the beating overwhelming Volleyball The study was conducted on a sample of ambition of the Air Force Club Volleyball Men for the season 2011/2012. ). اThe researcher used the descriptive approach my style Relations connectivity for being one of the most curricula suited to the nature of the research problem as Astkhm researcher some setups and Aladawat for the implementation of the search experience , including a the (EMG) and a the (FOOT SCAN) and some software to analyze the results of which (Dart Fish) pouch statistical (SPSS ) study has come to some conclusions , including: low summit electrical activity of the muscle rectus femoris of the two-step first and third in the stage approach , which impacted negatively on the transfer speed of the leg forward. high summit of the electrical activity of the muscle rectus femoris for the second step in the process of approaching that worked on the speed of the transfer of leg forward. low speed sprint three steps , which negatively affected the momentum for being heavily dependent on the speed of approach and in length

The research aims to identify the impact of assistance exercise similar to the performance of the bench press in the arm's strength relative of a sample of player's power lifting and was a research sample is composed of a team Club Sedea sports power lifting within the weights legal sport's power lifting where the sample was divided into two groups and are random , after selecting test of research and conduct assistance exercise the experimental group researcher found several results was the most important: influenced assistance exercise in a positive way to the experimental group, where the results were significantly between tests before and after and in favor of the dimensional ratios of evolution with the experimental group is higher than the control group, where the ratio of the experimental (17 %), while the control group was (7). The results were randomized between posttest for the control and experimental groups at maximum power (the relative strength of the arms)

The objectives of the research study of the relationship between the possibility of voltage distribution through the speed used in parts of the distance the five and the impact in the overall achievement of the race 500 m rowing kayak, either hypotheses there is a statistically significant relationship between the speed and effort of rowing some parts of the race and the speed and effort of achievement overall, and has been used Researcher descriptive approach to suitability Tabiat problem the researcher to choose a sample search as you deliberate, because of the availability of the possibility of control of the variables of research and on this basis it has included a sample search on 8 Jaddavin representing 30% of the community of origin of the 30 young player . , and which concluded with their researcher and a relationship with Link large differences between the speed and effort users profanity parts of the race and the speed and effort overall achievement him do Aljaddavin young Ge expertise to make the speed and effort prohibitively high in the first part of the race of 500 meters , which would negatively impact the speed of parts of the race as well as the achievement of the final, the best way that has been deduced is the way systematic Atosea effort evenly over parts of the race.

The research covered five chapters: The first chapter provided guarantees and the importance of research and the research problem under study and research objectives , namely: - Knowledge of the effect of the active teaching learning to learn the skill clapotement change the direction in basketball. - Knowledge of the effect of the active teaching learning to learn Mharhaltahedev jumping basketball. Either research hypotheses are - There are significant differences between the results of the tests and the results of the tribal posterior tests for the two experimental and control groups to learn the skill clapotement change direction in favor and post tests. - There are significant differences between the results of the tests and the results of the tribal posterior tests for the two experimental and control groups to learn the skill of jumping and scoring tests in favor of a posteriori - There are significant differences between the results of the post tests for the two experimental and control groups to learn the skills of clapotement change direction and scoring jumping and in favor of the experimental group. The areas included Human and temporal and spatial. The second chapter guarantees the address to the teaching and learning basic skills active basketball clapotement change direction and scoring jumping. The third chapter guarantees the research methodology has been used experimental method and the research sample , one of the students of the first phase , Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Basic Education Mustansiriya University and repealed the number of the sample (40 ) students were divided into two experimental (20 ) students and the control group (20 ) students , as well as ensure that the tools and means eBay used for research and tests of skill and scientific bases for Alaachtbarat tests and tribal and ensure the application of active learning and teaching post tests and statistical methods. The fourth quarter has included display and analyze and discuss the results of the tests before and after the experimental and control groups for skills clapotement change direction and scoring jumping. The fifth chapter guarantees the conclusions reached by the researcher , namely: 1- According to the teaching of active learning has a positive effect on learning and skill development level of performance in my skills clapotement change direction and scoring jump of students at the sample. 2- The presence of statistically significant differences between the experimental group learned that according to the teaching of active learning and control group and the experimental group. 3- Results show the effectiveness and progress in accordance with the teaching of active learning in learning the skills of clapotement change direction and scoring peaceful

When measuring this lactic acid to evaluate the training load and to know the intensity of it. Sources showed that there is a physiological difference in the time of its concentration in the blood to take a sample of it to show the percentage of focus. Given the importance of the index of lactic acid in training, the importance of research appear in determining the most appropriate period of time to according to the times multiple is (3, 5, 7 and 10) minutes, to monitor the concentration of lactic acid in the blood after the effort competition to run 400 meters during the specific preparation stage for junior. The problem with research in the length of time in the concentration of lactic acid, which set up is multiple and whichever is the most appropriate is unknown therefore You must select a period of time suitable for monitoring the concentration of lactic acid in the blood during the three months of the specific preparation for the run 400 meters, either in terms of the sample is consist of (5) players . And used the statistical bag (spss) for the extraction test results and The researcher reached to the highest concentration that appeared in the fifth minute and the concentration of lactic acid in blood increases during the progress of the training process.

The importance of research on the effectiveness of the long jump and the requirements of building some of its elements in accordance with the basis of new scientific, linked using the types and forms of power performance motor own, the research problem has touched researcher and through his experience as a former coach and teacher Article athletics Note that there is a decline in the level of achievement of these efficiency and lack of access to required levels and the reason is that most of the approved training curriculum focused on some of the traditional scientific bases Limited. The objectives of the research, the goal todevelop a training program based on the mutual influence of external forces (gravity, friction, center) in the internal forces contribute to the development levels of Iraqi young players effectively. The second objective is to find out the effect of exercise training program in some capacity and physical and biomechanical variables all levels of development to achieve the long horizontal of the Iraqi young players in the effectiveness of the long jump.

The research aims to identify the effect of exercise for developing explosive power forward in the development of correction by jumping from the corner, and the researcher used the experimental method of a design the two experimental groups with pre and post tests for the appropriateness of the nature of the problem, the researcher has chosen the way intentional research community and they are players of center angle and the number (10) , were divided into two groups, the first group is the experimental group consisting of (5) players, which was implemented training curriculum prepared by the researcher upon, either the second group is the control group, consisting of (5) players, which continued training on a platform of the coach, and the researcher conducting parity between the two sets of research, the researcher concluded that the exercises to jump forward and to the top was effective in the development of a correction of the angle, and the exercises to jump forward was more effective than exercise jumping to the top in the development of correction from the corner.