journal of Basic Sciences

The research addressed the evaluation of the efficiency of services provided by civil institutions for people with special needs (autism) in the city of Basra, using a set of evaluation indicators aimed at studying the reality of services in terms of their efficiency and distribution, and their suitability for urban expansion and population growth in the city. This research came as a result of the increase in people with special needs (autism). The situation in Basra requires a serious study of these institutions, given their importance in providing services to people with special needs, which should be accessible to all equally, in a manner that is appropriate and accessible, and that takes into account the circumstances of the families of people with disabilities.

The novel An La Shay’ Yahki (About Nothing Speaks) explores a range of themes such as poverty, politics, traditions, love, and ideology—each functioning as narrative agents that significantly influence the progression of events and the life of the main character. The work sheds light on the internal conflict in Iraq, portraying it as a highly complex struggle in which political, social, and intellectual dimensions converge into a single crucible, producing a web of intertwined and overlapping conflicts.
This novel serves as a historical, social, and political chronicle par excellence, highlighting the absurd practices, corrupt nature, and authoritarian ideology of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, which, during a previous era, entrenched itself in the state’s institutions, infested the corridors of power, and extended its grip over all government agencies.
The author presents all of this through the use of the technique of fragmentation—a narrative style that dismantles the traditional structure of the novel. Events, plotlines, characters, temporalities, and spatial settings are rendered in a fragmented and non-linear fashion. This technique reflects the complexities of real life and allows for a multiplicity of perspectives and experiences.

This study explores Hadith Qudsi as a unique form of divine discourse, distinguished from the Qur'an and Prophetic Hadith in terms of source, wording, and function. It highlights various definitions of Hadith Qudsi across Islamic schools of thought, particularly between the Imami (Shi'a) and Sunni traditions, and outlines its spiritual and ethical characteristics. The research also examines the methodologies used by hadith scholars to verify its authenticity and emphasizes its educational impact in strengthening the relationship between the servant and the Creator, promoting values such as repentance, mercy, and divine justice.
Research Objectives: The study aims to conduct a comparative and methodological investigation of Hadith Qudsi to clarify its characteristics, position, and how it differs from both the Qur’an and Prophetic Hadith. It also seeks to demonstrate its role in shaping spiritual and moral values within the Islamic framework.
Scientific Novelty: The research provides a unique academic contribution through a comparative analysis of Hadith Qudsi across Islamic sects, especially in terms of its sources and methods of authentication. Notably, it expands the concept to include narrations attributed to the infallible Imams in the Imami tradition—a perspective rarely addressed with such depth in previous studies.
Methodology: A critical, analytical, and comparative approach is employed, utilizing both Sunni and Shi'a sources, textual analysis of hadith, adherence to the principles of hadith verification (al-jarh wa al-ta'dil), and contextual interpretation.
Educational Impact: Hadith Qudsi plays a vital educational role by deepening faith and fostering a stronger connection with God through noble meanings of forgiveness, divine mercy, hope, and justice. These hadiths are particularly influential in spiritual upbringing and ethical guidance.
Conclusion: The study emphasizes the importance of integrating Hadith Qudsi into educational and theological curricula, and calls for expanded critical scholarship in this area, especially in intellectual environments seeking renewed moral and spiritual direction.

This study examines the conflict between humans and God in the biblical texts. It aims to study the confrontation between humans—whether prophets or peoples—and God (Yahweh) as described in the books of the Torah.
The study focuses on analyzing the nature of this conflict in its theological, anthropological, and political dimensions, and how the biblical texts express the human will to confront or contradict the divine will.
The Torah contains a number of texts that address the conflict between God and humans, represented by prophets and non-prophets (i.e., ordinary humans), on the one hand, and the Egyptian pharaoh, who symbolized the earthly god and the rest of the Egyptian pantheon, on the other. The biblical texts reveal the complex relationship between the gods and the other parties on the opposite side of the conflict, within a framework of tension and challenge.

This paper aims to study the characteristics of the basements (sardaab) of Mosul's Heritage residential buildings which were characterized by their basements. The aim is to address climate problems and provide an architectural environment conducive to people's lives in their homes. This research paper focuses exclusively on a residential house owned by Mr Hassan al-Araji, as a case study that illustrates the characteristics of Mosul's basements. A basement is an architectural space designed below the building's level, or even below the ground level of its central courtyard. A ‘rahra’ is a wide, shallow basement whose term is associated with the people of Mosul. It is more common than a sardaab in Mosul. Hardly any house is without a ‘rahra or sardaab’ or both may be present in a building. One of the most important architectural characteristics of the basement under study is its duality as it consists of two levels. The first is a roofed vault supported by small arches supported by semicircular arches resting on columns, some of which stand alone in the middle of the space, while others are integrated into its walls. The regular layout of the basement is noticeable, and some of the house's facilities are located above it. From the vault, the second level of the basement can be reached via stairs leading to a deeper space. It is distinguished from the first space by its irregular layout. Furthermore, it is designed below the ground level of the central courtyard of the house, and its space is defined by thick walls of stone and plaster. Its columns are integrated into the walls, with one column standing alone in the center. This is attributed to the small size of this level of the basement compared to the space of the first level. These columns are supported by semicircular arches. It is noticeable that the columns and arches of the basement of the house on both levels are covered with Mosul marble, a characteristic of Mosul's Islamic architecture.

This research seeks to uncover the role played by number in ancient Arabic criticism, particularly in the study of poetic purpose, its understanding, naming, divisions, and psychological motivations within the poet. Ancient critics were keen to use number in their critical discourse, as it helped them define the concept of poetic purpose and determine its terms. The term "poetic purpose" was not unique in the literary arena; there were other competing and alternative terms. Number also helped them classify poetic purposes, after critics had disagreed over their number. This division was not arbitrary, but rather linked to a methodological vision that sought to control the objective chaos in ancient Arabic poetry and criticism. Number also demonstrated the relationship between poetic purpose and the poet's psychological state. Each poetic purpose is based on a particular emotional state that dominates the poet and drives him to express and compose poetry. Hence, the use of number came to reflect the diversity of these poetic motivations within the poet. Number was not merely a tool of limitation; rather, it appeared in ancient Arabic critical discourse as a tool of understanding and interpretation, revealing an early critical awareness of the nature of poetry and criticism.

The research aims to identify the statistical significance of the average self-efficacy scores and its dimensions (ability, generality, strength) among students of Al-Hamdaniya University compared to their theoretical averages. It also seeks to determine the statistical significance of the average self-efficacy scores based on variables such as gender (males and females), academic grade (first and third), and field of study (scientific and humanities). The research population consisted of first and third-year students at Al-Hamdaniya University in the morning study for the academic year (2023-2024), with a sample of (500) students, representing (2.5%) of the original population. The researcher developed a self-efficacy scale, which comprised (42) items in its final form with five response options (very much applicable, applicable, moderately applicable, slightly applicable, and not applicable at all). The researcher assessed the scale's face validity, content validity, and construct validity, obtaining an agreement rate of (85%) and a reliability coefficient of (86%) using the test-retest method and Cronbach's alpha. To achieve the research objectives, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilized, and data were analyzed using (one-sample t-test, independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha equation). The research findings revealed that students of Al-Hamdaniya University possess a high level of self-efficacy, with a statistically significant difference in self-efficacy based on gender (favoring females), while no significant differences were found based on academic grade and field of study. In light of the research results, the researcher proposed several recommendations, including organizing seminars, conferences, workshops, and training courses at the university, as well as study groups for students on self-efficacy to enhance and develop it among students.

Praise be to God, Lord of the worlds, and peace be upon His servants whom He has chosen. As for what follows: This research focuses on words from the Qur’anic statement that indicate entry into something, and this meaning is inspired by the position, not from the word alone. Since the word was not specifically created in its origin for that meaning, then the morphological structure or formula upon which these words came was not specifically created for thatmeaning, which made it a subject of consideration and contemplation. The meaning of entering means entering into material or spiritual things. The meaning may indicate entering a place, such as (al-Muhtahar). He is the one who enters the barn, and is like “ascend” if he enters the upper part of the mountain, and the same is “badī” if he enters the desert and becomes a Bedouin, or entering in time is like “sobah” if he enters in the morning, and the entry may indicate one of the meanings as stated in Saying: (Ikbab) if he enters the Ikbab. We took this meaning into consideration. We did not find anyone - within the limits of our knowledge - who took a serious look at it He missed its meanings, and perhaps the reason behind that is that the significance inspired by it did not fall under a specific science of Arabic science. It is not restricted by a morphological structure, nor by a positive significance, nor by a grammatical structure. Rather, it is the product of verbal and moral clues and wondrous Qur’anic systems.

The current research aims to identify the relationship between the organizational climate and job creativity among primary school principals in Nineveh Governorate, The researcher used the descriptive correlational approach, as the research sample consisted of (100) principals of primary schools for general education in Nineveh Governorate. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher built two scales, one of which measures the level of organizational climate for school principals with a number of paragraphs. It reached (30) paragraphs, while the second measures the level of functional creativity in these schools with a number of paragraphs reaching (26) paragraphs. After applying the two scales, the data was processed using the SPSS statistical package program and appropriate statistical methods,The researcher concluded a set of conclusions, the most important of which are:
- The effectiveness of both scales, administered by the General Directorate of Education in Nineveh Governorate, was proven after they were constructed according to scientific procedures.
- Elementary school principals in Nineveh Governorate possess a high level of organizational climate and job creativity.
- There is a correlation between organizational climate and job creativity among elementary school principals.

The Arab Renaissance، beginning with Napoleon Bonaparte's campaign in Egypt in 1798 and continuing through the early beginnings of World War I in 1914، had a significant impact on shaping the initial nucleus of social and cultural life in Egypt. This، in turn، helped spark the emergence of Egyptian women's liberation movements starting in 1919. As this era represented a cultural renaissance and intellectual openness resulting from sending scientific missions to Europe، they were influenced by the thought of Western Enlightenment philosophers، and as a result، writers and thinkers emerged who contributed to advancing women's liberation in many areas، including education، work، and lifting the veil.
Hence، our study came to shed light on one of the pioneers of the women's renaissance in Egypt، namely Huda Shaarawi، whose name was associated with and appeared in the field of the development of the Arab women's struggle in general، and in Egypt in particular، through her contribution to the emergence of a female class that had been hidden behind walls and veils، and which appeared in a tangible way since she mobilized women to carry out demonstrations and popular movements against the British occupation during the 1919 revolution.
The study، in general، aims to get to know Huda Shaarawi، her lineage and education، and then to go into the reasons and causes of her feminist perspective. In addition to that، there is a requirement that stipulates how feminist thought was harvested within her country، i.e. her activity in the Egyptian Feminist Union، arriving at her position on the principle of education and her conception of the concept of the veil، and finally how her feminist activity was manifested outside her country، i.e. in Western and Arab countries through her activity in the field of her attendance at international women’s conferences to shed light on the conditions of women and their general rights in their societies.

kanat alkitabat alnasawiat qadiatan 'iishkaliatan muhimatan tatatalab alkathir min aljuhd waltanzir , lanaha artabatat bitaqdim ruaa jadidat mukhalifat lima qadamah alrajul fi kitabatih biwasfih mhymnaan ealaa alsaahat al'adabiat walthaqafiat , falatalama taearadat alkitabat alnasawiat 'iilaa 'iisa'at qira'at 'aw 'iilaa duef alaqbal baed 'an hasaraha alrajul fi suratayn la thalith lahuma al'uwlaa 'akhlaqiat wal'ukhraa tatajasad fi aljasid fa'ahmalat nusus wawudieat fi surat mushawahat , fasawt almar'at almaghib fi altaarikh al'adabii yed khatwatan eilmiatan fikriatan jariyatan fi zaman altalaqiy
al'amr aladhi 'adaa 'iilaa khalq tasawur 'aw antibae salbiin ean nitajat almar'at wasuratiha aliajtimaeiat , walakina al'akthar jur'atan wamawdueiatan , astihdar sawt almar'at fi 'iitar sawt alakhar min 'ajl 'iithbat sawtiha , wa'ana alriwayat 'iidha kanat hadha alshakl almunfatih , fa'iina qira'at alriwayat alearabiat lam taktaf bi'ustinsakh alwaqie watakrar namadhijih ,bal tatmah 'iilaa jaeliha mumayazatan fi khitabiha wasighatiha. walaeala 'ahama muktasabat mustalah alkitabat alnisayiyat 'iieadat qira'at al'ajnas altaebiriat fi althaqafat alearabiat aetmadaan ealaa nusus almar'at alati jaraa taghyibuha fi mukhtalif 'ashkal altaarikh aladibii watama tajahuluha eind alhadith ean aljins alriwayiyi fi alzaman alearabii walnazeat alnasawiat fi alriwayat dirasat naqdiat aistukhdimat fi albahth muqadimatan watamhid wathalath mabahith walmuqadimat qad dhakarat fiha ahumu alqadaya bimawdue albahth wabayan 'ahdafih

The current study sought to shed light on attachment patterns and reveal the correlation between them and their perception of the risks of drug addiction. It also examined their level of awareness of these risks and the presence of statistically significant differences according to the gender variable. A descriptive correlational approach was used, and the study population consisted of (2,057) male and female secondary school students. A random sample of (300) students was selected, comprising (150) males and (150) females. To achieve the study objectives, the Dumas Attachment Patterns Scale (2023) was adopted, consisting of (36) items distributed across three patterns (secure, anxious, and avoidant). In addition, the Al-Hasnawi Addiction Risk Perception Scale (2024), consisting of (40) items, was adapted to become (37) items, also distributed across three dimensions (perception of health, legal, and social risks). The results showed that the secure attachment style was the most common among the sample members, and that there was a positive and significant correlation between secure attachment and perception of addiction risks, while the relationship was negative between anxious and avoidant attachment and risk perception. The results also revealed a relatively high level of risk perception, particularly in the health dimension, and differences between males and females in risk perception, in favor of females.The researcher recommends integrating attachment dimensions into counseling and prevention programs, promoting emotional education, and improving adolescents' risk perception mechanisms.

Agriculture faces numerous challenges, one proposed solution to these challenges is the use of safe and environmentally friendly biotechnology. In the present study, the effect of bioproduced silver nanoparticles on improving the growth of Zea mays SF1280 F1 was investigated. Experiment at greenhouse was conducted during the 2024-2025 spring season in Wasit province on Zea mays SF1280 F1. Silver nanoparticles were used at concentrations of (0, 20, 40, 60) mg.L-1, with 12 treatments (4 concentrations of silver nanoparticles × 3 replicates). The experiment involved foliar application. Vegetative characteristics were measured, represented by the fresh and dry weight of the root and shoot system, percentage of water content, root length, plant height, average stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, and physiological characteristics represented by estimating the chlorophyll index using the SPAD method and the percentage of nutrients (NPK) in the roots and leaves. The experiment results showed that the concentration of 40 mg.L-1 of silver nanoparticles achieved the best improvement in the growth of Zea mays plants. There was a significant improvement at P≤0.05 compared to the control group. The percentage increase for average weight of fresh and dry roots and leaves was 20.76%, 13.35%, 23.74% and 13.90%, respectively. In addition, the average water content of roots and leaves increased by 1.99% and 1.69%, respectively. The same treatment recorded an increase in the average root length, stem length, stem diameter, number of leaves and leaf area by 11.77%, 14.64%, 34.78%, 18.60 and 56.11%, respectively. In addition, an increase was recorded in physiological characteristics, including the average chlorophyll content by 3.78% and the average nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in leaves and roots by an increase percentage to 22.58%, 32.53%, 26.21%, 18.55%, 25.74% and 19.37%, respectively.

This research deals with the evidence of solidarity as a verbal evidence among the grammatical evidences that contribute to revealing the meaning and directing the parsing, through studying its applications in the book Al-Bayan fi Gharib I'rab Al-Quran by Abu Al-Barakat Ibn Al-Anbari. The research seeks to highlight how Ibn al-Anbari relied on this evidence in his grammatical and semantic interpretations, and to reveal the extent of its presence in his explanations and directives, while examining its effect in determining the grammatical functions and linking them to the Qur’anic context.
The study's importance lies in its attempt to link modern theory with traditional scholarship, by reading the concept of solidarity as a contemporary linguistic tool that helps deconstruct ancient grammatical discourse and understand its mechanisms in light of modern linguistic analysis methods. It also seeks to demonstrate the interpretive and functional value of this concept in Quranic studies, and the precision it adds to understanding the Quranic text and appreciating its eloquence.
The objectives of this research are:
1. To uncover the role of the conjunction in Ibn al-Anbari's grammatical guidance in his book Al-Bayan fi Gharib I'rab al-Quran.
2. To demonstrate the extent to which Ibn al-Anbari relied on it in favoring certain grammatical aspects and interpreting meanings in his book Al-Bayan fi Gharib I'rab al-Quran.
3. To highlight the scholarly value of this traditional effort when read in light of modern linguistics.
The research adopted the descriptive and analytical approach in tracing Ibn al-Anbari’s texts and analyzing his evidence, while employing the comparative approach when necessary to clarify the points of agreement and difference between him and other grammarians and commentators, which allows for the construction of a clearer vision of the position of the evidence of solidarity within the system of grammatical evidence in general, and how it interacts with other evidence in serving the Qur’anic text.

The research aims to analyze the development architectural style for residential Unit in the city in the context of morphological changes which it went through during the different stages of its growth ، The research deals with studying the relationship between the architectural style of the dwelling and the Urban morphological characteristics with a focus on how the architectural design is affected by economic and social , cultural and planning factors over time .
Urban growth was divided into specific time periods during which the distinctive residential modals of each period were studied and analyzed in terms of from , intended use , spatial organization , and patterns of response to the environment and climatic factors . The research methodology is based on spatial and temporal analysis using geographical analysis tools such as field studies and comparison between historical and contemporary architectural plans , The research concluded that the residential architectural style is not merely a reflection of aesthetic taste , but rather a direct response to morphological changes and structural factors in the urban environment . The research also showed that understanding this development could contribute to developing more integrated and sustainable planning and architectural strategies in the future . The residential units in the first phase(1812-1935) were characterized by simplicity and small size , Reflecting rural life and an agricultural-based economy , Urban planning was haphazard and unorganized , During the second phase(1936-1960) with the increase in population density and the improvement of infrastructure and community services , while there are still irregular residential areas . In the third phase(1961-1990) there was a noticeable improvement in infrastructure and community services , and the emergence of organized residential areas with a developed urban character . While the fourth phase(1991-2020) the phase of transformation and renewal , was characterized by the diversity of housing patterns between the old neighbor hoods and the new planned areas , and the shift from random construction to planned construction , with attention to architectural design and Urban coordination .A significant improvement in serviced , infrastructure and the quality of life within the residential unit in terms of space , building materials and modern household appliances while the fifth morphological stage after 2020 was characterized by great interest in the architectural style of the residential units , from preparing the building map , designing the dwelling , building materials , and using decorations , engravings , and lighting to providing all means of comfort and safety within the dwelling , The research reached a set of results, as the growth of the city’s population and the development of transportation methods contributed to the growth of the city and the emergence of new residential neighborhoods with a modern urban character. Likewise, the standard of living improved for a wide segment of the population, which was reflected in the patterns of housing from the inside and outside (facades) Attention to the smallest details and the use of the latest designs, building materials and Eastern and Western decorations. The difference in people’s outlook and tastes for building homes was also reflected in their variation in terms of design, building materials, doors, windows and colours, as there is no complete match between one home and another in all aspects.

Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa, is an obligate of all nucleated cells, causing toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis is a widespread communicable disease worldwide. Toxoplasmosis represents the most common recurrent primary opportunistic infection. T. gondii infection can also occur in patients with immunosuppression, autoimmune diseases, organ transplants, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The current study aimed to investigate the infection with Toxoplasma gondii among a group of students of the Sabaa Abkar Colleges Complex, Al-Mustansiriya University (College of Basic Education, College of Law, and College of Tourism Sciences) and evaluate some factors associated with infection such as gender, presence of cats, and smoking status. The study included collecting 275 blood samples for the period from the beginning of October 2023 to the end of March 2024, with ages ranging from 18-30 years. Information was taken from all study samples, including gender, residence, presence of cats, etc.
All samples were tested using the Latex Agglutination Test (LA) and Rapid Cassette IgG, IgM Test to diagnose Toxoplasma gondii infection. The results of the latex test showed that 110 samples (40%) were positive, while 165 samples (60%) were negative. The results of the IgG test showed that 65 samples (24%) were positive, while 210 samples (76%) were negative. No positive results were recorded for the IgM antibody. The study also included some epidemiological factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection, including gender, as the prevalence of females was higher than males, with a percentage of 68% for females and 32% for males for the latex test. As for the IgG test, the percentage of females was 69%, which was higher than the percentage of males, which was 31%. According to the housing situation in light of the results of the latex and cassette tests for IgG, the highest percentage of infection with Toxoplasma gondii was in Baghdad, where it reached 74% according to the latex test and 38% based on the cassette test for IgG. The distribution of the examined samples under study and their percentages according to the presence of cats in the house or not, According to of results the latex and cassette tests for IgG, were not significant at a significance level of 0.05, as the chi-square value for the latex and cassette tests reached 0.024 and 0.003, respectively. The results of the distribution of the samples under study and their percentages according to the smoking status, showed the results of the latex and cassette tests for IgG, showed a significant difference between smokers and non-smokers, at a significance level of 0.005, based on the chi-square value, which reached 2.69 for the latex test and 2.52 for the cassette test.

This study investigated the effect of implementing targeted pedagogical strategies on enhancing the academic self-efficacy of Kurdish EFL students. To accurately measure this relationship, a student self-efficacy scale (mainly adapted from Morgan-Jinks Scale) was employed to assess students\' perceived confidence in their academic potentials. During the 2023-2024 academic year, three different strategies- brainstorming, cooperative work, and debating - were integrated into teaching academic skills module to 62 first-year English Department students at Salahaddin University. The self-efficacy scale was administered twice: once as a pre-intervention and the second time after the full implementation of the strategies. Further qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews with ten students. The collected data were subsequently analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and the interview responses were analysed thematically.
The quantitative findings unequivocally revealed that the integration of these three strategies significantly boosted first-year students\' self-efficacy in academic skills. Momentously, while all the three strategies demonstrated marked efficacy, among them cooperative work emerged as the most potent catalyst in positively promoting students’ self-efficacy.

The goal of this study is to investigate teachers' awareness of the importance of using CLIL in teaching scientific subjects and to explore the extent of teachers' proficiency in skills of integrating language and content in teaching scientific subjects in everyday classroom. To collect data, 52 teachers were tested using a questionnaire to assess the level of their performance. Data analysis was conducted by using SPSS software according to T-test formula. Fisher Equation has also been used to extract the weighted mean and the percentage weight for each item. The data were analysed descriptively and the findings of the study indicated that most teachers are really unaware of using CLIL as an important approach in everyday instructions although they conduct some of the skills or techniques. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that using CLIL approach should be taken into consideration for its vital role to improve learning process. Integrating all aspects in CLIL has significant influence to develop both the content (the subject matter) and the language simultaneously.

Leukodystrophies are rare genetic disorders that affect the brain's white matter, making diagnosis and management difficult. One type, leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter, shows a variety of neurological symptoms with different levels of severity. Advances in diagnostics, like identifying genetic mutations in the EIF2B gene family, help uncover the genetic mechanisms behind the condition. In this case, a 5-year-old Iraqi boy with prenatal symptoms, including seizures, intrauterine growth retardation, decreased movements, and oligohydramnios, was examined through exome-sequencing and magnetic resonance imaging. A novel mutation (hg38: chr1-44941633-T-C; c.327A>G; p.Ile109Met) in exon 4 of the EIF2B3 gene was identified, causing a substitution of Isoleucine with Methionine. In silico analysis predicted the potential effects of this mutation. This case highlights the significance of finding a novel mutation, contributing to the understanding of vanishing white matter genetics and showing how advanced sequencing techniques can improve diagnostics and personalised treatments for genetic disorders.

This study explores the potential link between dyslipidemia and strabismus in children under the age of ten, aiming to determine whether lipid metabolism abnormalities may play a contributory role in the development or persistence of ocular misalignment. Strabismus, a condition characterized by the misalignment of the eyes, is typically investigated from neurological or muscular perspectives. However, recent evidence suggests that systemic metabolic factors—especially lipid disturbances—may affect extraocular muscle function and ocular nerve integrity.
A descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was conducted involving 90 children (60 diagnosed with strabismus and 30 healthy controls). Blood samples were analyzed to assess total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL (high-density lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), and VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein). Results showed statistically significant elevations in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL levels in the strabismus group. In contrast, HDL concentrations were significantly lower in this cohort relative to controls. These results raise the possibility that dyslipidemia could impair the microvascular perfusion with concomitant ocular muscle dysfunction or stress in optic nerves. Pathophysiological processes such as arterial stiffness, inflammation and increased blood viscosity can reduce blood supply to muscle tissue that controls the position of the eye, and thus may contribute to strabismus. There are significant differences in the lipid profiles of strabismic children that reflect the genetic, nutritional, and environmental impact.
The findings of this study highlight the necessity for inclusion of metabolic screening with particular reference to lipid profiling in the workup and management of pediatric strabismus have suggested that early recognition of the lipid abnormalities may offer an opportunity for preventive measures in affected children, leading to specific therapy that might enhance visual and systemic outcomes for these children.

This study investigates the distributional characteristics and higher-order moments of the product of multiple independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) standard normal random variables. While the distribution of the product of two normal variables is classical, generalizing to n-fold products presents analytical and computational challenges. We derive exact expressions for higher-order moments—such as variance, skewness, and kurtosis—and demonstrate their exponential growth with dimension. A key mathematical contribution lies in the transformation of the multiplicative process via the logarithmic function, allowing the application of the Central Limit Theorem and approximation of the product as a signed log-normal variable. We also apply the Large Deviation Principle to describe rare-event probabilities of the log-product. These theoretical results are supported by a robust simulation framework that empirically validates the asymptotic behavior, highlighting how the product distribution becomes increasingly heavy-tailed and sharply concentrated near zero as n increases. Our findings offer insights into multiplicative processes and provide practical tools for applications in finance, signal processing, and neural networks. Future directions include generalization to correlated and non-Gaussian variables, and advanced tail approximations.

The purpose of this study is to prepare activated carbon with good adsorption properties that can be used in water and air purification. Activated carbon was prepared from the fruits of the Xanthium spinosum plant by chemical treatment with different proportions of potassium hydroxide. Its physical properties (density, moisture, ash) and adsorption properties were measured by adsorption of methylene blue dye as well as iodine for all prepared samples. During the results of the adsorption of methylene blue dye and iodine, the two best models (S3, S4) were taken and the surface area and pore volume were measured through BET examination. This examination showed that the model (S3) had the largest surface area and also the largest pore volume, and these measurements were completely consistent with the adsorption properties in terms of the adsorption of methylene blue dye and iodine for the models (S3, S4).

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) together with the Internet of Things (IoT) in smart healthcare represents a promising direction for innovation. Recent progress in Deep Learning techniques has significantly advanced the automation of diagnostic and classification systems. Furthermore, the emergence of 5G wireless networks has provided faster and more reliable data transmission, accelerating the deployment of intelligent healthcare solutions.
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the critical importance of such systems. Voice disorders affect a large number of individuals worldwide, yet early detection can make them highly treatable. In this study, we introduce a smart healthcare framework for the detection of voice pathology. Voice and electroglottography (EGG) signals are recorded using IoT-enabled devices, including microphones and EGG sensors. These signals are converted into Mel-spectrograms and analyzed through pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The extracted features are then integrated using a bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) network. The proposed framework is evaluated with the Saarbrücken speech database. Experimental results indicate that bimodal inputs provide better performance than unimodal ones, achieving a classification accuracy of 95.65%.

This study presents a rigorous and in-depth comparative analysis of the Chebyshev Collocation and Spectral Galerkin methods for solving nonlinear singular initial value problems, which are fundamental in modeling astrophysical phenomena, with a focus on the Lane-Emden equation as a model test case, by applying both methodologies, performance was evaluated based on precise metrics including accuracy, rate of convergence, computational efficiency, the results unequivocally demonstrate the superiority of the Spectral Galerkin method across all critical performance aspects, the method achieved true exponential convergence for smooth solutions, reaching a precision approaching machine accuracy using significantly lower approximation degrees than the collocation method. Furthermore, the Galerkin method exhibited superior robustness and a higher algebraic rate of convergence in cases where the solution is less regular, while maintaining excellent numerical stability and better-conditioned algebraic systems, we conclude that the integral nature of the orthogonal projection in the Galerkin method endows it with a structural advantage