Journal of Engineering and Sustainable Development (JEASD)

Milk is one of the essential and necessary nutrients and maybe a basic substance in some places and all stages of human life. Milk is rich in many important elements for life and durability. Toxins and heavy elements may enter the milk and then into the human body due to pollution, and mercury is one of these pollutants. This product, despite being important, the production process is accompanied by a lot of liquid waste, which may lead to significant environmental damage. All small tests and misilianiuse works as well as the test of characteristics have been achieved according to American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA), and Water Environment Federation (WEF). Mercury concentration has been achieved according to HACH procedure. In this topic, the membrane distillation process has been used to remove mercury, and the results were the ability of the membrane distillation mechanism to remove mercury 89.044% at the start of the operation, which would decrease due to obstruction. The temperature affects work efficiency and removal by MD, but to some extent, when removal reaches the maximum temperature of 15 ° C. The study came out with a set of recommendations, including a broader study on the possibility of cleaning the membrane used in this mechanism when a blockage occurred without stopping the work of this mechanism. Emphasis should be on what was found more than what was done.

In the medical field, due to the development of neuroimaging, several new methods of the biometric field have been attending and favorable candidates for the identification of people. These methods are part of "covert biometrics" that involve the use of measures of clinical and medical images to identify them. The prime motivation to use an invisible (Hidden biometric) is the fact that attacks of a system can be very hard to deal with. This privacy strongly contributes to the increased strongest in the topic of person's verification and identification. In this article, he extracted a brain signature, called a "brain fingerprint" from brain (MRI) Magnetic Resonance Image, obtained from 30 healthy subjects as images (1739), these real data sets from Yarmok Medical Hospital. These brainprint in this work are considered to be a hallmark of the brain. The objective of this proposed work which is design a robust, accurate human identification using human brain print, the brain classification based on several phases, included Data acquisition, Feature extraction processing depend on linear discrimination analysis (LDA) to gain important and interesting features of every image calculated by (number of features in the class). The proposed system shows rise detection precision with the features extracted based on LDA with automatical classifier learning by K nearest neighbor (K-NN) and logistic regression (LR) from the LDA method gained with the LR algorithm of (93%) while LDA method gained (91%) with K-NN.

Major dams on Tigris River were designed and constructed as multi – purposes reservoirs. Since the flood event may occur for a specified period of the year, simulation model could be developed for rapid release decision according to time series reservoir inflow. This study deals with the application of HEC – ResSim version 3.1 in order to simulate and evaluate the behavior of the reservoirs system represented by Mosul, Dokan reservoirs, and Samarra barrage during the flood period 1987-1988 which is considered as a flood period. The release function of date was applied as an operating rule in order to provide safety reservoir storage accompanied with downstream release control. The results obtained from simulation of operating alternatives had been compared with the historical recorded data for the same time of simulation period, and exhibit flood control caused by specifying reservoir outflow with an appropriate limits yields appreciable matching between reservoirs' rule curves and computed pool elevation for both reservoirs. The simulation plots revel the ability of the existing projects to assist in sizing flood risk during flood event, and the storage level in the reservoirs reached a suitable elevation according to the time period of inflow, storage, and release values with the ability of Samarra barrage to divert excess flood water towered Tharthar Lake.

The results of a research program conducted at the University of Mustansiriayah in Iraq to analyze the qualities of concrete created with crushed bricks and crush concrete are presented in this paper. To make a suitable aggregate, these materials were crushed. Some aggregates were treated, while others were not. The properties investigated were the workability and the density of fresh the aggregates of crushed bricks and crush concrete were treated in some mixtures and others were not treated. The properties investigated were the workability and the density of fresh concrete, and the compressive strength and tensile splitting strength behavior of hardened concrete. Different replacement ratios (0, 50%, and 100%) were investigated. The concrete rustles produced with recycled aggregates were compared with a reference concrete produced with natural coarse aggregates currently used in Iraq. Using surface treatment with silicate solution, when comparison to RCA50 and RCA100 samples, TRCA50 and TRCA100 compressive strength improved by roughly 5.05 percent and 5.9 percent after 28 days, respectively. And came closer to concrete with natural aggregate R, and improved 3.25% and 4.6% in TBR100 and TBR50, respectively compared. With the BR100 and BR50 respectively, they added a cross resistance of R for TRAC100% when silica fume was added, approaching R at TBR100%. Aggregates indicate that this type of concrete can be used in various precast applications.

In this research the punching shear behavior of Self-Compacted bubble RC slab was investigated after burning it in real fire test until reach 300 C° and cooling it by air and water Experiment results show that using self-compacted concrete improves the cracking pattern and punching failure zone due to improvements in the microstructure of the concrete and how it fills voids and makes contact with the plastic ball. The ultimate load increased by (13) % when using SCC with the same fć, and the effect of water cooling was reduced compared to its effect on normal concrete due to SCC's lower permeability, but the effect of spalling made self-compacted concrete more sensitive to high temperatures.

This paper proposed the integration of the wind energy system (WES) with the grid consists of a wind turbine, a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), a switch-mode rectifier (SMR) and a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI). Optimal torque control (OTC) method is applied to the converter on the generator side for maximizing the power coefficient under the change in wind speeds. To synchronize the WES with the grid, another controller is applied to keep dc-bus voltage at constant value and to regulate active and reactive power transmitted into a grid. A system of WES connected into a grid is created and tested in the MATLAB/SIMULINK platform version 2019b. Comprehensive simulation results are used to analyze and verify the excellent performance of the suggested two- control strategy on the machine and grid side.

The provision of the international codes does not cover clearly the design of non-prismatic reinforced concrete beams and the design has been left to the experience and judgment of design engineers. In the present paper, four beam specimens were cast and tested, one of which was poured as a prismatic beam (reference beam), while, the others were poured with non-prismatic sections. Virtual strengthening with bonded CFRP strips was adopted as an alternative technique instead of the real lateral reinforcement (stirrups) to evaluate the degree at which the load-carrying capacity of tested beam specimens was enhanced. Finite element method, as a numerical solution by ANSYS software, was adopted to simulate all the tested beam specimens which presented as three-dimensional problems. Experimental results show that the degradation due to tapering was varied between (50-94%) and (53-81%) for the ultimate and cracking load respectively, in comparison with the reference beam. While the analysis results indicated that the adopted technique plays important parameters to enhance the performance of the strengthened beams and the presence of CFRP increased the strength in the case of stirrups-less beams.

When a reinforced concrete beam does not have enough shear strength and / or little amount of secondary rebar are reinforced, the "shear failure" is possible. Such type of failure is not acceptable in civil engineering due it does not indicate any prior notice before the complete failure of the intended structural member. One of the most popular solutions to overcome such shortcoming is the addition of steel fibers due to the ability for enhancing mechanical properties and ductility. Wide beams are such beams that have high width if compared with its thickness, such structural members are frequent in many reinforced concrete building systems and may also face "shear failure" during its service life. The current study investigates the structural behavior of the Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Wide Beams by proposing an experimental program comprising casting and testing of twenty beams specimen. The effective shear spans to depth ratio ratios were 2.5 and 3.5, respectively. Two nominal strength levels 30 MPa "Normal strength concrete" and 60 MPa "High strength concrete are also included. The types of steel fibers used are the "End Hocked" as well as the "Staggered" in 0.5% and 1.5% volume fractions for each one. The results showed that the addition of steel fibers enhances the consequent mechanical properties and the relevant structural behavior of wide beams to a serious concern. Furthermore, the addition of steel fibers modified the shear failure mode to "flexural". The first cracking load increased in "Normal strength" from 21.95% to 73.73% by adding "End Hocked" and from 12.19% to 45.45% by adding "Staggered" while such range reported 15.95% to 45.76% for "End Hocked" and 7.25% to 28.81% for "Staggered" in "High strength". Additionally, the ultimate load increased in "Normal strength" from 19.75% to 65.98% by adding "End Hocked" and from 10.52% to 43.81% by adding "Staggered" while such range reported 13.5% to43.57 % for "End Hocked" and 7.25% 29.29to % for "Staggered" in "High strength"

The sunlight mainly affected the development of this life on the surface of the globe, most people love and enjoy the sunlight and its warmth, but fear its harmful effects from sunburn and long-term damage to the skin due to excessive exposure to the sun, and thus people began to seek for protection from the sun's rays. To avoid the pain of sunburn and its harmful effects, and since the internal workers are protected from the sun's rays, outdoor workers are more exposed to ultraviolet rays and are more exposed to adverse consequences from the effects on the eyes and skin, although most of the body is protected by clothing, it is not sufficient, the size of the risks depends. On the skin and the increase in skin cancer incidence based on several factors, climatic factors or according to the sensitivity of the personality to ultraviolet rays, this is wholly related to personal habits related to sunlight. This research paper measured ultraviolet rays on Baghdad's outdoor workers, although temperature and UV index. At the beginning of November 2020, the results showed that exposure to ultraviolet rays is significantly related to temperature, UV index, and cloud cover, where P-vale is less than 0.001. Farther more, there is increased exposure to UVB as well as UVA.

A Human Leg Robot (HLR) is a type of manipulator robot that has non-linear, quality, time-varying behaviors and uncertainty in parameters. Therefore, it must be controlled. The purpose of this work is to design an optimal Improved Proportional-Integral-Derivative (IPID) controller for this robot to improve its performance in tracking the desired path. Two schemes of IPID controllers are suggested to enhance the performance of the traditional PID in controlling the human leg robot and following the desired path. The Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) is considered to optimize the IPID parameters. The performance of the suggested IPID structures has been compared to traditional PID methods. The simulation results show that the efficiency of these schemes was enough to handle the tracking problems of the HLR.