journal of kufa studies center

Lebanon suffered from a state of scientific backwardness, especially in the areas of southern Lebanon (Jabal Amel), since the Ottoman era and then the occupation and the French Mandate even in the post-1920 period of the declaration of the establishment of a Lebanese state, where formal education was almost non-existent and education was heavily dependent on Western missionary schools, as well as traditional education (Katatib and Mullahs) who taught the villagers to read and write.
Beydoun sought to dedicate efforts to improving the educational reality through his parliamentary role in the Lebanese parliament, his constant demand for the opening of public schools and the employment of teachers as well as making education compulsory.

The research entitled The New Economic Policy in the Soviet Union (1921-1928) included two topics, the first topic entitled The New Economic Policy in the Soviet Union (1921-1925) dealt with the nature of the economic policy committed by the Bolshevik government to save the collapsed Russian economy while adhering to Marxist principles and ideas, and the second topic entitled Economic Measures in the Soviet Union (1925-1928) and the most important economic stages followed in economic construction. The study concluded that the policy of the NEB marked an important turning point in the life of the Russian people, regulated the economic relations between socialist industry and small-scale peasant production based on private property, regulated economic relations on the basis of trade, and led to the reduction of peasant individuals who did not own arable land, as well as an increase in investments between 1921 and 1927 by 8 million rubles.

The study of military bases is of great importance as it determines the features of the positive and negative effects on the political, economic and social aspects of the host state, as well as highlighting its importance and ability by showing its power over the state's public facilities and determining the resulting effects .

The prophecies took a clear and precise approach for the purpose of convincing their people of their messages for which they were sent. In order for these messages to be acceptable to the recipients, they had to show them that they were truly sent by Allah, may He be exalted, so they presented evidence after evidence in different ways.
The messages were different, some of which were heavenly, such as Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Some of them were not heavenly, such as the Sabaean religion, the Hindu religion, the Manichaean religion, the Mazdakian religion, and the Magi.
There is no doubt that the Prophets started from one Siraj and from one method, which is Islam, which is Tawheed, but people distort religions according to their whims and interests. For this reason, Allah sends the Messengers to guide their people. The Prophets did everything in their power to reform their people and bring them to the path of truth. They are always confronted by tyrants who always stand against prophecies, because they do not want to lose what they are in terms of power, prestige and money, and they do not want to allocate a part of the money to the poor .
The Prophets used to follow a soft method of persuasion to convince their people without using force or coarseness. We see them being kind to the poor and showing pity on them, and asking them only to do what they can. I hope that I will be successful in this and my last research, that praise be to Allah, the Lord of the Worlds, and peace and blessings be upon the Master of the Messengers.

The Imam (peace be upon him) believes in the freedom and dignity of man and is based on the Islamic humanitarian principle with regard to human beings and their rights, he believes in the right of man to live in peace and freedom, and in this framework, we find the Imam (peace be upon him) respecting the other opinion and acknowledging the principle of dialogue, and one of the dimensions of this freedom is political freedom, and the freedom of opposition is attached to it, and the Imam (peace be upon him) has set conditions for this opposition so that it is in the right framework .
To talk about political opposition is to talk about opposing the approach taken by governments in exercising power and the political orientations on which they are based .
But was the opposition that appeared like an octopus when Imam Ali (AS) took power based on opposition to an unrighteous political reality?
In fact, all the parties that appeared to oppose the Imam (peace be upon him) did not object to the approach followed by the Imam (peace be upon him) when he assumed power, but rather they had expedient goals and greed to take over the reins of affairs. Not to mention the short period in which the Imam (peace be upon him) took over the reins of affairs, five months of which had not passed and there was a war. The camel and then the war of two rows.
The Imam (peace be upon him) followed the Islamic principle in all his actions and words before and after assuming power, and he did not compromise on the truth for an inch, this limitation and lack of appeasement with the truth cost the Imam (peace be upon him) a lot in his life, and he became his opponents, who worked secretly and openly to undermine his caliphate, in order to covet money and power and love them, and even to the point that his life was the price of these positions.
The research focused on the reasons that created the opposition, the most prominent people in opposing Imam Ali (peace be upon him), and how he dealt with them, in addition to what his companions and group were directed to deal with the other side .

The importance of studying the security repercussions of the Syrian crisis on Iraq comes from the importance of the general scene, which indicates that the region is going through labor that may lead to radical shifts in its political and geographical form and in the balance of power. Iraq's problem lies in the fact that its security interests take precedence over all other reconciliations, and Iraq has maintained its relations with Syria despite the state of tension that has accompanied relations between the two countries over the past years, and is currently intervening towards achieving some cooperation with Iraq, especially on the issue of Controlling the border between the two countries .
Accordingly, Iraq began to think seriously about the nature of the security challenges reflected by the Syrian crisis on its regional neighborhood, especially when it took a different turn from the direction from which the Syrian protest movement started and portrayed the conflict as sectarian To take the necessary measures to face the new internal challenges as armed groups in Syria represent a threat to Iraq's internal security, or what is known as "soft security".

The research is based on the study of the analytical methodology to know the chains by following methodological steps with the introduction of symmetrical, suspended and paired chains whose knowledge requires achieving the safety of the chain of narration from pests and diseases, in addition to studying the chains within the knowledge system that characterized the books of hadith at the front, and finding scientific results that serve the academic research in order to achieve the cognitive goal of showing the sober narrative heritage and the depth of the chain of narration in the Imami heritage.

The research dealt with the question: Is there an ancient attempt dating back to the Middle Ages among Muslims for a practice that falls at the heart of terminology, and the research started from a positive answer to this question, represented by the philosopher Al-Farabi, where he produced logical terms in a practice based on starting from the choice of a linguistic word that includes a connotation that shares a conceptual part of the chosen term, and the research adopted the method of comparative semantic analysis between linguistic connotation and idiomatic connotation in explaining the mechanism adopted by Al-Farabi in The research has concluded that al-Farabi was a terminology scholar who practiced the process of deriving the term according to specific foundations, which can be considered the first founder - at the level of application - of terminology .

The study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal analysis of the rates of air pollution with gases during the period of the health ban of the Corona pandemic and afterwards by taking different samples of air pollution with gases from the study area and making a comparison with them. Identifying the most important sources of air pollution with toxic gases in the residential areas of the city and their variation during and after the prohibition , and measuring the rates of air pollution with toxic gases emitted by them, considering that this increasing type of pollution has become important because of its negative effects on the surrounding environment and on the human being.
The concentrations of toxic gases that play a role in the spread of the problem of air pollution in the study area were measured to determine the level of air pollution with gases resulting from the activities of different populations in the study area. The recorded levels were compared with some criteria, and it was found that the percentages recorded during the ban were within the permissible limit of the health level most of the time compared to other days.
The field survey and the geographical distribution of air pollution samples in the study area showed that there is a significant decrease in the levels of gas concentrations during the period of the health ban compared to the normal days after the ban due to the decrease in the movement of the population and various activities, as well as the reduction of traffic in the study area, and these are considered as positive effects of the Corona virus.

The subject of this research is the impact of climatic and environmental factors on the political changes of Mesopotamia in the third millennium BC, as the researcher started with the flood disaster, which myths and material and written sources indicated its impact on the end of the era of Jamdat Nasr and the beginning of the age of the dawn of dynasties, while the end of the era of the dawn of the third dynasties and the emergence of the Akkadian state contributed to another environmental disaster, namely the spread of the problem of salinity, which had an impact on the shrinking of the capabilities of the city-states and the collapse of their economic and social structures The need for the emergence of a unified state capable of gathering the capabilities of all the cities and regions under its control to serve the general population necessitated, and then came the other factor, which was the factor of drought and drought, which had an impact on the demise of the rule of the third dynasty of your, the last ruling Sumerian dynasty in Mesopotamia .

This study aims to identify the level of application of the dimensions of total quality represented by (commitment of senior management, focus on customers, collective participation and continuous improvement) from the point of view of university leaders at the University of Kufa, in addition to showing the impact of applying the dimensions of total quality on the effectiveness of strategic sovereignty, and the researcher designed a questionnaire that included 28 items to collect the raw data from the study population, which amounted to approximately (100) items, and focused by selecting a random sample of (90) individuals from the community, and the The number of retrieved forms valid for statistical analysis is (80) forms, and the descriptive-analytical method was used with the help of the statistical package program (SPSS) to draw the results, the most prominent of which was: that the continuous improvement dimension had a role in the effectiveness of strategic sovereignty, as this is evident through the university's tracking of the continuous improvement approach in its educational inputs and operations in accordance with the needs of the surrounding environment. The university under study.

Modern technology has put the departments of economic units and the audit profession in front of great challenges, as the department must develop appropriate control procedures commensurate with the development of information technology, which forced the audit profession to develop its tools and methods, and the research aims to identify the extent of the auditor's ability and efficiency to practice cloud auditing, and to achieve this goal and the difficulty of field application in the Iraqi environment for several reasons. The researchers relied on conducting a survey study in the Iraqi environment, through a multi-axis questionnaire, directed to specific categories that included specialized academics in Iraqi universities, auditors and the auditing profession in general, and the researchers relied on the descriptive-analytical method in clarifying the theoretical aspect, analyzing the results of the field research, and testing its hypotheses using the statistical program (SPSS) They reached many conclusions, most notably the difficulty of applying cloud auditing in the Iraqi environment, due to the incomplete scientific and practical ability of the auditor in the Iraqi audit environment to practice cloud auditing and the lack of interest in information technology and its reflection on the audit profession in the Iraqi environment. The researchers made several recommendations, the most important of which is that it emphasizes the need to hold training courses and scientific seminars specialized in training audit cadres and developing their capabilities in order to keep pace with the developments of the audit profession, as well as urging the regulatory authorities, professional organizations and universities to take their active role in completing more studies in the field of cloud auditing.

The issue of the miracle of the Holy Qur'an has occupied a prominent place in the unification of the movement of critical and rhetorical authorship among the Arabs, as the Holy Qur'an and the attempt to prove its miracle graphically was a motivating topic for rhetorical authorship among the masses of Muslim scholars of all backgrounds and backgrounds, including linguists, writers, organizers, and heads of sects, each with the means of culture and what is available to him, all of whom have one goal or one goal, which is to prove the graphical superiority of this text over the rest of the system to which the Arabs were guided Say. The style of the Holy Qur'an was miraculous in comparison to the linguistic methods of expression that the Arabs were familiar with in terms of poetry and prose, and in its style, this miracle was revealed in an Arabic language that challenged the people to come up with its example.

Some of the narrations of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) concerning the affairs of slaves were the driving force behind scientific research on an important issue of fundamentalism, which is the significance of the prohibition on the corruption of treatment, as the different repetitions of these narrations had an impact on the outcome of this fundamental issue. This is perhaps an important reference to the important role of customary memorization in presenting the many scientific issues in the various legal sciences.

The current research dealt with the aesthetics of color reduction in nature drawings, with the aesthetic values contained in these drawings by adopting the technique of reduction, simplification, and color change. The problem of the current research was summarized with the following question: What are the aesthetics of color reduction in nature drawings? The research was divided into four chapters, the first chapter included the definition of the research problem, its importance and need, and the purpose of the research that was summarized (by defining the aesthetics of color reduction in nature drawings). The first chapter also included a definition The limits of the research, and the definition and definition of the most important terms contained in it. The second chapter, which is the theoretical framework of the research, is divided into two axes:
1. The first axis is about me (the concept of beauty among philosophers).
2. The second theme is about (the aesthetics of nature drawings).
It also included the indicators of the theoretical framework and previous studies .
While the third chapter included the research procedures, from the research community, the research sample, the research methodology and the analysis of the research sample. The fourth chapter included the results of the research, among the results of the researcher:
1. Philosophical results, including: Nature artists invested in natural scenes in their works after reformulating them with their own visions and aesthetic experience, agreeing that art first imitates nature and then transcends it through formal and chromatic reduction.
2. Technical results, including: Color reduction gave an aesthetic value to the landscape as it took it out of the familiar shape of the eye and known to the general public to an artistic form that carries aesthetic values.
The chapter also included the conclusions of the research, and one of the conclusions were: - The color reduction gives the artist the freedom to deal with nature in his drawings, as it comes out of the framework of literal restriction and textual imitation.
The fourth chapter also included: - Recommendations and focused on paying attention to nature in the drawings of fine arts students and art education departments, and allocating green places that simulate landscapes to be studied in the subject of planning, colors, and pictorial construction by students.
The most important of these suggestions: the color between scientific theories and aesthetic values in impressionist paintings.
Then comes the fourth chapter: the Index of Sources.

The research dealt with the knot and its mechanisms in some of the stories (what Youssef said) because of the truthfulness of the experiences that the stories went through, and the distance from falsifying or obfuscating the facts, so that the message of literature was clear, extending its reformist bridges between the creator and the receiver. The text is a special world that the recipient understands, including the signs and objective data that control its direction, but it is based on the need for readers themselves to arm themselves with a certain level of culture to understand the text through rooting and analyzing the topics it touched on, and revealing the energies of expressing the The issues and the writer's attitudes towards them and the deepening of their experiences through the knot that made the text a crisis reality that the recipient feels as a present and not as an imaginary image, so the knot was characterized by its growing narrative starting from the presentation and passing through the events and the climax to the resolution of the knot. It became clear to us that the writer presents the reader with a world cast with an interesting narrative character in which the narrator moves from the real world to imaginary worlds parallel to it. In its essence, it is a critique of it in an artistic and literary way that conveys facts and fantasies in a form that elevates textual literature to imaginary worlds, combining literary and linguistic on the one hand and poetic stylistic on the other hand, and those who look at the semantic depth of the artistic beauty of the stories will see that this tight literary style was not spontaneous, but rather has artistic connections that bind each other, and we will see this through the study of the knot in (What Youssef said).

If the poet sees that his society rejects freedom of opinion and restricts him from all literary trends, he begins to resort to imagination, through myth, symbol and mask, so he speaks and expresses what he wants and no one understands what he wants, except for what he wants, and the educated society like him, so he is not subjected to any kind of restriction, so these myths have become a state of The smuggler to which the poet resorts, and those legends that the poet creates through his verses increase the splendor of the poetic image, and clothe it with pomp and violence, and there may be many references from which the poet derived myths, including Greek, Persian, Arabic, Islamic, and others, as this work shows.

Compensation is the final outcome of the insurance process after the realization of the insured risk, and disputes arise between the insured and the insured (the insurance company) when the risk occurs and the insured is not compensated, and these compensatory disputes develop into lawsuits filed by the insured against the insurance company.
The research aims to identify the role of lawsuits against insurance companies in resolving compensatory disputes, as the research assumes a role between lawsuits as an independent variable and compensatory disputes (compensation) as a dependent variable, and the researcher took the research sample from the Iraqi General Insurance Company as it is a government insurance company that was established in the fifties of the last century, and has a long history in practicing insurance activity. The research period was set at (2009-2019) and the researcher relied on the data extracted from the records.

The duration of the study was set from October 1959, because this period was represented by the victory of the United Democratic Front, which represented the students belonging to the Communist Party, and important events included the holding of the third congress of the General Union of Students in January 1960, as well as the holding of the sixth congress of the World Union of Students in Baghdad on January 12, 1960. The research also touched on the establishment of the Baath Party of the Student Vanguard in the first two editions in 1960, to compete with the General Union of Iraqi Students, represented by communist students, and to demand elections for elections, and the Iraqi authorities announced that they would not hold the elections and the Communist Party controlled the Iraqi Union of Iraqi Students for two years until 1961, which is the end of the study and research. The study concluded that the conflict and competition between students led to the weakening of the educational movement in Iraq during this period, and the political motivation was the main factor of the conflict, especially There are two currents, namely the nationalists, the Baathists, and the communist current, which belongs to the mechanism of most of the students, and was supported by the government, especially Abdel Karim Qassim, but the role of the Ministry of Education was neutral in most of these conflicts and called on students to stay away from them, in order to preserve the scientific sobriety of learning in the country.

The research study is one of the geographical researches that investigate the impact of climate on poultry farming in Al-Hira district, as it was represented in collecting information related to the research from Arab and foreign books, sources and messages that are related to this study, as well as collecting data for the micro-climate cycle (2012-2018) for the study area with field visits. Through it, they came to identify the impact of climate as well as to know the reasons for the increase in the incidence of these diseases for poultry through the influence of climatic elements such as ( solar radiation, temperature, wind, relative humidity, and rainfall), the high temperature leads to an increase in the incidence of Camburo disease and chronic respiratory disease, while its decrease leads to the incidence of infectious bronchitis, influenza, and umbilitis. The study also found that the rate of infections and their geographical distribution have a direct relationship with the average temperatures and relative humidity inside and outside the field.