Journal of Al-Farahidis Arts

The digital world is witnessing an unprecedented escalation in the extent and development of cyber attacks, which requires more intelligent security solutions that adapt to the constantly changing technological environment. This research aims to explore the effective role of artificial intelligence technologies, especially machine learning algorithms, in dealing with advanced cyber attacks, such as intelligent phishing attacks, advanced malicious software, and zero-day attacks. The digital world is witnessing an unprecedented escalation in the extent and development of cyber attacks, which requires more intelligent security solutions that adapt to the constantly changing technological environment. This research aims to explore the effective role of artificial intelligence technologies, especially machine learning algorithms, in dealing with advanced cyber attacks, such as attacks on the Day of Zero, intelligent phishing attacks, advanced malware.
The research is based on a comparison method between a variety of smart algorithms used in intrusion detection systems (IDS), such as decision trees, artificial neural networks (ANN), support vectors (SVM), and deep learning algorithms. Estimating the performance of these algorithms according to the criteria of accuracy, detection rate, false alarm rate,

Virtual asset service providers and activities are of paramount importance, given the powers they possess to provide these services and businesses to their clients and facilitate trading. Providers are legal entities, such as companies, whose type and form are determined by legislation, which imposes oversight, monitoring, and legal obligations related to their activities. Modern technological developments have produced these diverse entities and technologies, which the world has long since begun to adapt to, benefit from, and provide legal protection for. Consequently, our country, Iraq, continues to lag behind in keeping pace with these important developments in the field of modern financial technologies and investment in this field, from which countries have begun to reap significant profits after enacting appropriate laws.

Artificial intelligence applications are of great importance today, given their integration into all aspects of life, possessing features that facilitate the flow of life and its advanced development.
I chose artificial intelligence (AI) technologies from the completion and selected. Recent decades have witnessed significant developments in various fields and at all levels, including those critical to good work. Therefore, the topics of artificial intelligence technologies are diverse, as they are an effective partner in representing and creating a system for commercial data and issues. They are therefore a means of controlling efficiency and accuracy, enabling access to all the services they provide on a wide scale across numerous electronic platforms for electronic printing.
Because intellectual property rights, and the reality of the situation, these applications are living beings in terms of existence and effectiveness, and are subject to limitations and rules that are closely linked to the inherent rights affected by the body of these elements, namely copyright ownership, which allows these excerpts to track the applications and systems they produce, and allows for their enhancement, or the monopolization and public visibility, and the author, the compiler, and the exclusive owner of what these boundaries produce. Therefore, it must directly address public interest, given the implications of studying AI technologies in the legal field, and address several questions and issues

The world today is witnessing a radical transformation in the way legal and commercial transactions are conducted, driven by the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence technologies. These technologies have increasingly permeated areas such as negotiation, contract drafting, and even execution—without direct human intervention. Smart algorithms are now capable of analyzing data, predicting optimal contract terms, and even consenting to contractual provisions through automated software applications, in what has become known as “smart contracts” or “automated contracts.”
The traditional method of concluding legal contracts—based on the classical model involving an offer and its acceptance in a physical or legal meeting—has evolved significantly. Initially, the two parties would exchange offer and acceptance after agreeing on the terms of the contract. Over time, the process progressed to electronic means, giving rise to electronic contracts, which have rapidly proliferated in recent years. These contracts are often concluded and executed remotely, either wholly or partially, via the internet. Most recently, a new method has emerged: contracting through intelligent digital platforms, most notably blockchain technology

This research aims to identify the main legal risks arising from the use of artificial intelligence technologies in banking services, through an analytical comparative study between Iraq, the United Arab Emirates, and the European Union. The research focuses on the protection of personal and banking data, the determination of legal liability for errors that may result from artificial intelligence systems, as well as the role of banking governance in mitigating the risks associated with digital transformation.
The findings reveal that Iraq lacks a comprehensive legal framework for the protection of banking and personal data, whereas the UAE and the EU have adopted advanced regulatory models, such as Federal Law No. (45) of 2021 and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which have enhanced transparency and reduced legal risks. The study further demonstrates that banking governance constitutes a fundamental mechanism for defining responsibilities, ensuring compliance, and employing artificial intelligence in a safe and ethical manner..

This study explores the legal and Sharī‘ah foundations for compensating victims of terrorism, with a specific focus on the Iraqi legal framework governing victim compensation. The research seeks to answer key questions regarding the legitimacy of compensation in Islamic jurisprudence, the extent of the State’s responsibility for public-order crimes such as terrorism, and the adequacy of Iraqi legislation—particularly Law No. 20 of 2009 (as amended)—in ensuring comprehensive and fair reparation for victims. Using an analytical–descriptive methodology, the study examines classical juristic principles related to liability (ḍamān), the role of Bayt al-Māl in cases where offenders are unknown or unable to pay, and the modern legal doctrines surrounding State responsibility. Legislative texts, judicial rulings, and previous academic studies were reviewed to build a comparative understanding between Sharī‘ah-based norms and contemporary Iraqi law.
The findings demonstrate that Islamic jurisprudence established solid and explicit principles for compensating victims of aggression, including unlawful killing and property destruction, which align with modern legal standards. Iraqi legislation has made significant progress in institutionalizing compensation, yet gaps remain—particularly concerning procedural delays, the narrow scope of eligible categories, and inconsistencies in financial allocations

The digital age is witnessing a profound transformation in the structure of human creativity, as artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly plays a pivotal role in generating literary, artistic, and technological works. This development raises critical jurisprudential and legal questions regarding the applicability of intellectual property (IP) rights to AI-generated outputs. This research aims to explore both the Islamic legal and Iraqi statutory perspectives on the protection of intellectual property resulting from AI applications, through a comparative legal-jurisprudential study.
The study begins by defining AI and examining its creative capabilities, then proceeds to outline the theoretical foundation of IP protection in Islamic jurisprudence. It demonstrates the legitimacy of such protection based on general maqāṣid (higher objectives of Sharia), particularly the preservation of wealth and recognition of authorship and innovation rights. The research also addresses the complex issue of attributing ownership over AI-generated works—whether to the developer, the operator, or whether such works are unownable—highlighting the diversity of juristic opinions on the matter.

The Islamic world is experiencing a rapid transformation in adopting artificial intelligence technologies, which has led to new patterns of value behavior within Islamic communities, reflecting on concepts such as: privacy, justice, responsibility, and moral decision-making. The problem highlighted by this study is that the value transformation caused by these technologies occurs outside traditional jurisprudential frameworks, which necessitates an approach to foundationalism that integrates the analytical social dimension with the jurisprudential and purposes-based methodology. The study aims to monitor the most significant value transformations caused by artificial intelligence and to clarify the extent of their compatibility or conflict with the Islamic ethical system. The study also compares the global principles of AI governance, such as accountability, transparency, and fairness, with the Islamic value system, to propose a comprehensive framework that balances technological advancement with legal compliance. The study adopts a foundational-social methodology and is based on the analysis of legal texts, overarching goals, and decisions of legal councils, in addition to reviewing global ethical policies for artificial intelligence. It concludes with the necessity of establishing a renewed legal-ethical framework to keep pace with value transformations, and to create a guiding jurisprudential code for decision-makers in the Islamic world, ensuring the disciplined use of artificial intelligence without violating ethical constants

This research examines the impact and role of artificial intelligence on human rights and public freedoms, given the widespread use of these modern technologies in countless diverse fields. Our research focuses on conducting a critical study of Iraqi legislation related to human rights, comparing it with international conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the two international covenants. It also examines the role of the Iraqi Constitution in protecting human rights and public freedoms, its consistency with the provisions of international conventions and agreements, and how to address privacy, considering it a fundamental right that cannot be violated. Eavesdropping on others is also prohibited, considering it a punishable crime. We also review the challenges posed by modern artificial intelligence technologies and their impact on human rights, such as the right to privacy, the protection and preservation of data from electronic hacking, algorithmic discrimination, and freedom of expression. It appears that Iraqi legislation still lacks a clear legislative or comprehensive legal framework that is consistent with modern technological developments and truly protects digital rights. Our research emphasizes the importance of alignment and harmonization,.

The research aims to demonstrate the impact of the reliance of public sector companies and private sector companies in the Iraqi business environment on artificial intelligence applications when preparing their financial reports and keeping pace with the business environments of competing foreign companies. The research problem was identified in the lack of application of artificial intelligence technologies when preparing financial reports in Iraqi production and commercial companies (public sector and private sector) The importance of the research is evident in the fact that it draws the attention of the administrations of Iraqi public sector companies and Iraqi private sector companies to the necessity of keeping pace with the scientific progress of accelerated artificial intelligence applications and working according to it in preparing financial reports. The research also assumed the existence of a direct relationship between the adoption of artificial intelligence applications in preparing financial reports and the speed and efficiency of their preparation The research results showed a lack of application of artificial intelligence technologies when preparing financial reports in Iraqi production and commercial companies (public and private sectors,

This research aims to answer questions regarding the potential and limitations of using artificial intelligence applications in the field of sustainable environmental development. It also examines the potential benefits, promises, and accomplishments these applications can add to future sustainable development programs, as well as the threats and risks associated with combining the two fields. It also highlights the need to find the best ways to overcome these challenges to secure humanity's future. The research relied in its methodology to achieve the above goal, on the descriptive and functional approaches, first to describe the nature of artificial intelligence and sustainable development by adopting the first approach (descriptive), and then to analyze the functions performed by artificial intelligence in serving the process of sustainable environmental development. The research plan was divided into three sections in addition to the introduction and conclusion. The first section addressed the definition of the concepts of artificial intelligence and sustainable development. The second section investigated the environmental reality in Dhi Qar Governorate, and the third section addressed the areas of using artificial intelligence applications in sustainable environmental development paths. The research reached a fundamental final conclusion

The current decade is witnessing a radical transformation in global crime-fighting strategies, with artificial intelligence (AI) becoming the cornerstone of building proactive and intelligent security systems. This comprehensive study aims to analyze the growing role of intelligent technologies in reshaping the crime-fighting landscape, while providing an integrated application framework based on big data analytics and predictive analytics. The research is based on a systematic analysis of over 200 scientific studies and case studies in 50 countries worldwide, covering the period from 2015 to 2023. The study employs a multidimensional methodology combining quantitative and qualitative analysis to provide a comprehensive view of the impact of AI on the security and criminal justice sectors..

This research investigates the complexities involved in translating the English legal modal verb shall into Arabic, with a particular focus on the challenges posed by both human and AI-based translation practices. The study demonstrates that shall, a modal verb central to legal discourse, carries dual functions of futurity and obligation, yet its legal force is often lost in translation. Human translators typically render shall in ways that preserve its obligatory meaning, employing verbs such as يلتزم and يمنح to reflect legal necessity and enforceability. By contrast, AI translation systems frequently substitute forms like قد and يمكن, which denote possibility or permission rather than obligation. Such mistranslations risk undermining the intended legal effect of contractual and statutory provisions, leading to potential ambiguity and misinterpretation.
To address these challenges, the study applies Skopos theory, which emphasizes the communicative purpose of the target text. Within the framework of legal translation, this theory provides valuable guidance by prioritizing obligation-based renderings in Arabic, thereby ensuring that the translated text fulfills its legal function. The findings reinforce the principle that legal translation is not a purely linguistic exercise but a functional and pragmatic activity, where precision and clarity are paramount

This study examines the intersection of digital hegemony, artificial intelligence, and cultural dissent in contemporary Iraqi narratives. This study argues that the expansion of AI technologies reproduces forms of intellectual hegemony that parallel analogous earlier structures of imperial domination, which ultimately compound crises of generative identity among Iraqi communities. By situating this discussion within postcolonial theory and critical cultural studies, the study demonstrates how algorithmic regimes reconfigure the politics of identity and representation. Gramsci developed the concept of hegemony that underpins the analysis of digital dominance. Said’s critique of Orientalism and Bhabha's hybridity are used to interpret forms of resistance. The situation in Iraq, exile, war, and fragmented identities, reveals a unique perspective on the struggle of cultural production against technological homogenization. Based on readings of Iraqi literature, cinema, and digital art, the study considers resistive strategies including memory as reclamation, hybrid narrative modes, and creative repurposing of AI tools. The study introduces the concept of “cultural sovereignty in the digital age,” calling for the localization of ethically guided AI practices. This contribution argues that Iraqi narratives do not only respond to digital hegemony but actively construct counter-discourses that transfigure belonging and identity. By connecting AI research to postcolonial Iraqi criticism, the work opens a new theoretical perspective that contributes to debates on digital colonialism and cultural sovereignty

Humor is widely regarded as a compelling aspect of everyday communication, offering nuanced, often playful insights into political, social, and cultural realities. Despite its significance, humor remains a challenging and under-theorized area in the field of machine translation. This paper principally opts for addressing this somewhat under-theorized topic through (1) presenting a thorough account of humor in terms of the definitions, major types, motivations, and communicative functions; and (2) pinpointing and defining the way exploited by AI-generated translation programs in translating humor to show whether the renderings arrived at are appropriate, effective, and to the point or otherwise. It is hypothesized that translating humor poses untold and still unsolved problems for AI-generated translation programs, as they do not possess the proper systematized and refined algorithms that enable them to efficiently process the SL message and adequately transfer their pragmatic content into the TL. In order to test the validity of this hypothesis, a body of authentic humorous texts is chosen, a translation model is adopted to subtly post-edit renderings as presented by the AI-chosen programs, data analysis is delicately conducted, and some reference renderings are recommended. Translation quality is assessed using the Translation Edit Rate (TER) metric, which measures the effort required to correct them

This current paper investigates the assessment of the machine translation of selected decontextualized sports idioms from English into Arabic. The idiom is a fixed expression whose meaning is not immediately obvious from looking at the individual words in the idiom. Machine translating of idioms is one of the most challenging tasks in translation, due to their cultural specificity and non-literal meanings. There are significant problems arise when these idioms are rendered by machine because this translation tackles the meaning without a context. This paper hypothesizes that the machine translation may give a literal meaning which is easily understood in Arabic. In this paper, Nababan\\'s model is employed to assess the accuracy of the machine translation for fifteen English sports idioms rendered into Arabic

The title of the research is “The role of The title of the research is "The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Developing the Literacy Skills of Iraqi Students Learning Russian." It highlights the difficulties faced by foreign students, including Iraqis, while learning Russian as a foreign language. These difficulties mainly include mastering correct pronunciation and writing. Naturally, within the digital learning approach, artificial intelligence is considered a modern tool and a qualitative leap in learning, especially learning foreign languages. The research divides the learning process into basic, intermediate, and advanced levels, and highlights the role of artificial intelligence at each stage

This study investigates the application of Conceptual Blending Theory (CBT), a foundational model of human cognition from cognitive linguistics, to the field of artificial intelligence (AI). As AI systems rapidly evolve to mimic human-like cognitive capabilities, understanding the mechanisms that underpin their creative and reasoning processes becomes critical. This research posits that CBT, as formulated by Fauconnier and Turner (2002), provides a powerful framework for analyzing how AI integrates disparate concepts to generate novel and meaningful outputs. The study employs a dual-method approach, combining a theoretical examination of CBT and AI with a practical analysis of AI-generated visual texts sourced from social media.
The analysis demonstrates that advanced generative AI performs sophisticated conceptual blending, selectively projecting elements from multiple input mental spaces to create coherent and evocative visual blends. Findings confirm that AI not only replicates the structural processes of human conceptual integration—composition, completion, and elaboration—but also produces emergent meanings with significant pragmatic and emotional resonance. This indicates a profound correlation between human and machine cognition, suggesting AI is bridging the gap in contextual understanding and creative improvisation.

This study examines how learners of English as a foreign language use language to create identity, stimulate motivation, and manage cognitive stress in AI-mediated learning contexts. The study emphases on the sociocultural backgrounds of the learners. The analysis involves a thematically sensitive discourse coding aligned with Self-Determination Theory, Sociocultural Theory, and Cognitive Load Theory. The study is grounded on semi-structured interviews with fifteen students from two university faculties. The findings reveal that learner strategies were to employ narrative discourses and evaluative language to confirm identity or reduce linguistic dominance. Students also use metaphors and temporal markers to describe cognitive load. Peer and teacher prompts, as well as AI tools, also reflect the learners' identities. It was revealed that contextual factors, such as ways of peer interaction, resource limits, and faculty norms stimulus the occurrence and understanding of these practices. The study shows that in AI-enhanced classrooms, language practise assists as a medium that supports sociocultural bonds and makes motivational dynamics more stable. These findings support the proposal of pedagogical approaches which are identity-sensitive, feedback designed linguistic approaches, and assessments which are aware of the discourse of AI tools in EFL contexts. The study is an attempt to add to the improvement of applied linguistics in the field of technology-mediated language acquisition, by focusing on the discourse as a way to access motivational experience and linking the micro-level linguistic practices to larger sociocultural processes

This study examines how learners of English as a foreign language use language to create identity, stimulate motivation, and manage cognitive stress in AI-mediated learning contexts. The study emphases on the sociocultural backgrounds of the learners. The analysis involves a thematically sensitive discourse coding aligned with Self-Determination Theory, Sociocultural Theory, and Cognitive Load Theory. The study is grounded on semi-structured interviews with fifteen students from two university faculties. The findings reveal that learner strategies were to employ narrative discourses and evaluative language to confirm identity or reduce linguistic dominance. Students also use metaphors and temporal markers to describe cognitive load. Peer and teacher prompts, as well as AI tools, also reflect the learners' identities. It was revealed that contextual factors, such as ways of peer interaction, resource limits, and faculty norms stimulus the occurrence and understanding of these practices. The study shows that in AI-enhanced classrooms, language practise assists as a medium that supports sociocultural bonds and makes motivational dynamics more stable. These findings support the proposal of pedagogical approaches which are identity-sensitive, feedback designed linguistic approaches, and assessments which are aware of the discourse of AI tools in EFL contexts. The study is an attempt to add to the improvement of applied linguistics in the field of technology-mediated language acquisition, by focusing on the discourse as a way to access motivational experience and linking the micro-level linguistic practices to larger sociocultural processes. .

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of smartphone addiction among primary school-going children and its association with behavior problems and learning difficulties. This study also attempted to explore the above-mentioned associations and the role of gender and grade level, which are demographics.
Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The target population was 250 male and female pupils aged 9 to 12 years, in grades 2 to 6, from Tikrit City between January and May 2024. A structured questionnaire consisting of the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV), behavior scale, and learning difficulty checklist was used to collect data. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Chi-Square tests to examine the association between the variables.
Results: The results revealed a strong and significant correlation between the extent of smartphone addiction and psychosocial/behavioral problems, as well as learning difficulties. Based on the results, it was observed that the grade level of the pupil was found to be the most significant factor in all aspects of addiction, behavioral problems, and learning difficulties. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between males and females in most of the areas. The results revealed that the problems related to the smartphone addiction escalate with every passage from one level of grades to another among the pupils throughout their school-going life. Conclusion: The conclusion is that the smartphone addiction is a serious threat to the behavioral and cognitive development of the pupils of the elementary school. The findings underscore that prevention and intervention efforts should prioritize the age and developmental stage as a key factor, given its crucial role in determining the severity of these problems