Maaen Journal for Medical Sciences

Abstract
Background: Recurrent and spontaneous seizures are a symptom of the epilepsy. It affects up to 65 million individuals
globally, with lower-income nations accounting for 80 % of cases. Since medicinal plants have special therapeutic
qualities, they are frequently used to manage and cure epilepsy and convulsions. Because they have fewer side effects
and stronger therapeutic results, medicinal plants are becoming more and more popular worldwide as a result of
increased research and clinical use. The pharmaceutical industry is now concentrating heavily on the creation of novel
plant-based antiepileptic/anticonvulsant drugs.
Aims of the study: Study the role of coriander sativum extraction in the modulation of inflammatory and oxidative
parameters in rat model of epilepsy.
Material and methods: Twenty-five adults male Wistar albino rats, approximately 12 weeks of age, were split into 5 groups at
random, each group consist of 5 rats. The 1st control group received (IP) normal saline, the 2nd group is the epilepsy induction
group (each rat received (IP) PTZ 40 mg/kg every 48 h), and the 3rd group received 200 mg/kg of coriander orally by gavage,
and 40 mg/kg of PTZ was subsequently administered intraperitoneally (IP) every 48 h for seizure induction. The 4th group
received 200 mg/kg of levetiracetam intraperitoneally (i.p.), followed by 40 mg/kg of PTZ administered intraperitoneally (i.p.)
every 48 h to induce seizure. Brain tissue was collected and homogenized. The samples were then saved in Eppendorf tubes
and centrifuged for 600 s at 14,000 x g. The supernatant was carefully collected and saved in a freezer at ¡20 ◦C and then
thawed at 2—8 ◦C for a biochemical test for evaluation of inflammatory and oxidant parameters by ELISA test.
Results: There was a significant P < 0.05 increase in the level of IL-10 in the coriander-only treated group and in the
(coriander þ PTZ) when compare to PTZ group, while there was no significant difference between the
(coriander þ PTZ) and (levetiracetam þ PTZ) groups. There was a highly significant reduction (P < 0.01) in the level of
TNF-a in the coriander only, coriander þ PTZ, and levetiracetam þ PTZ groups when compared to the PTZ group,
while there was a non-significant difference (P > 0.05) between the coriander þ PTZ and levetiracetam þ PTZ groups.
There was a highly significant (P < 0.001) reduction in inactivity of MDA for all treated groups (coriander only,
coriander þ PTZ, and levetiracetam þ PTZ) when compared to the PTZ group in addition to that, there was a significant
(P < 0.05) increase in SOD activity in the coriander only, coriander þ PTZ, and levetiracetam þ PTZ groups when
compared to the PTZ group. While there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the activity of SOD between the
coriander-only group and the coriander þ PTZ group. About the behavioral evaluation coriander exhibit highly sig-
nificant reduction in both severity and duration of the seizure when compare to PTZ group.
Conclusion: Coriander extract showed the ability to reduce the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-a in epilepsy induced
in a rat model at the same time it can increase the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Coriander sativum
extract exhibits antioxidant activity via MDA modulation and elevated levels of antioxidant SOD. And it has the ability
to reduce the intensity and duration of the seizure.

https://majms.alkafeel.edu.iq/journal/vol4/iss4/5/
Abstract
Aim of the study: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of various decontamination protocols in removing contamination of saliva from the surface of zirconia and enhancing their cleanliness to enhance optimal bonding. Material and Method: Fifty-six multilayer (ML) monolithic high translucent zirconia discs (DD cubeX2 ® ML;10 mm × 2 mm) were fabricated through milling and sintered in according to the manufacturer's guidelines. The specimens were then air-abraded with 50 µm aluminium oxide particles after being polished with silicon carbide abrasive paper. The samples were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 10) based on the cleaning technique used after being contaminated with human saliva: water rinsing, phosphoric acid application alone, phosphoric acid mixed with ethanol, and Ivoclean treatment. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to examine the surface morphology and elemental composition in order to evaluate the cleaning effectiveness of each treatment. Results: EDS analysis showed significant reductions in carbon (C%) and increases in zirconium (Zr%) with all cleaning methods. The HsPO4 + Ethanol treatment was the most effective, reducing carbon to (8.52±0.27%) and increasing zirconium to (66.88±1.15%). One-way ANOVA confirmed significant differences in C% and Zr% (p < 0.001), with post-hoc tests showing significant improvements in surface composition, enhancing zirconia's bonding potential. Conclusion: Phosphoric acid combined with ethanol was the most effective in decontamination of zirconia surfaces, Ivoclean also performed well, though small zirconia agglomerates were noted. Water rinsing demonstrated the lowest effective. Effective cleaning is crucial for optimal surface preparation and reliable bonding.