Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most important etiologic factor for gastric cancer. It is one of the most common human pathogens, which colonizes in the mucus layer of the gastric epithelium in more than 50% of the population. The study include 78 samples of gastric cancer in addition to 42 blood samples. The results from 78 gastric cancer samples showed that gastric cancer can occur red at any age, but it increases in older ages and the incidence of H. pylori infected positive gastric cancer (HIP-GC) is higher than of H. pylori infected negative gastric cancer (HIN-GC). Male is the predominant in both groups and female affected by H. pylori more than male and the intestinal type was the predominant type.

The present study was designed to evaluate the frequencies of micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in buccal mucosa cells of Iraqi women with breast cancer. This case –control study included 20 primary diagnosis breast cancer patients. They were recruited at The Oncology Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. From January to February 2016. As control 20 apparently healthy women were enrolled in the present study. Each participant was interviewed personally about her date of birth, marital status, habits and health state, occupation using a comprehensive questionnaire. Buccal smears were taken from all participants after asking them to rinse their mouths with tap water. The analysis of micronucleated cell and nuclear anomalies were done under a total magnification of X1000, 2000 cells per subjects ( patient and control group) were scored and the results are represented as the number of micronucleated ,binucleated and karyolysis cell per 2000 cells. The scoring of the level of the micronuclei in exfoliated cells of oral mucosa showed a significant increase (P = 0.0001) in the breast cancer patients in relation to control. The mean score of micronuclei for the breast cancer patients was (19.20 ± 1.36 ) it was twofold higher than that of healthy women (control group).The frequency of binucleated cells was higher in breast cancer patients than in control, the difference was statistically significant (P > 0.05). The number of Karyolytic cells was also elevated in breast cancer patients, but this increase did not attain a significance. Increased frequency of binucleated and micronucleated cells in the buccal mucosa of breast cancer patients shows the genomic instability may be correlated with breast cancer. The results suggest that The Buccal Micronucleus Cytome (BMCyt) assay serves as a sensitive tool for studying genomic instability in primary cancer patients.

Infertility in otherwise healthy males be caused by a variety of disorders. These include acquired, as well as heritable conditions. Genetic causes of male infertility are of special interest to reproductive biology, because these disorders can be passed on to the offspring, single nucleotide polymorphisms are considered as one of reason of male infertility Androgens are critical steroid hormones that determine the expression of the male phenotype. Their actions are mediated by a single androgen receptor (AR) which, upon ligand binding, translocate to the nucleus to regulate the expression of androgen-responsive genes. Mutations in androgen receptor gene may lead to a disturbance in the function of the androgen receptor which, in turn, can lead to several forms of infertility. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of rs962458(SNP1), rs6152(SNP2) and rs2361634(SNP3)and test their associations with severe oligozoospermia risk .This study was conducted using 50 severe oligozoospermia patients and 50 apparently healthy subjects (Control). The frequency of GA genotype of SNP2 was significantly (p≤ 0.05) increased in patients versus control (10 and 0%, respectively, OR=0.561, X2=4.329),while the frequency of GG genotype of SNP2 was significantly (p≤ 0.01) decreased in patients versus control(84 and 100%, respectively, OR=0.871, X2=6.524). The results of TAA and TAG haplotypes were not significant. The frequency of TAG/TAG haplotype combination was significantly (p≤ 0.01) decreased in patients versus control(78 and 100%, respectively, OR=1.072, X2=8.35),while TAG/TAA haplotype combination frequency was significantly (p≤ 0.05)increased in patients versus control(14 and 0%,respectively, OR=0.664,X2=4.69). In conclusion, both GA genotype of rs6152A>G and TAG/TAA haplotype combination may be correlated with severe oligozoospermia risk in Iraqi patients.

This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical significance of mRNA expression of lung-specific X protein (LUNX) in specimens obtained from Iraqi patients. In the present study, whole blood was isolated from 140 individuals distributed into four groups as follows; Group 1: 40 Samples from smoker patients affected by lung cancer, Group 2: 40 Samples from non-smoker patients affected by lung cancer, Group 3: 30 Samples from smokers apparently healthy individuals and Group 4: 30 Samples from nonsmokers apparently healthy individuals. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of LUNX in the peripheral blood were analyzed using reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction (RT‑PCR). The expressions of LUNX mRNA in these groups were 11.0 folds of that in group 1 compared with group 4, 10 folds of gene Expression in group 2 compared with group 4 and 3.0 folds of gene expression in group 3 compared with group 4, using GAPDH as Housekeeping Gene. Statistical results showed that there was a high correlation between the LUNX gene expression and lung cancer; where the correlation coefficient was 0.879 and a low correlation between LUNX gene expression and smoking; where the correlation coefficient was 0.446. The results indicate that the mRNA expression of LUNX could yield a first picture to the early detection of lung cancer in the peripheral blood and thus is of significant clinical value for the diagnosis of lung cancer.

This operation five early cyclic imides bearing biologically an effect components were
Syntheside. 9,10 dihydro anthracene 9,10 endo α,β Succinic anhydride was synthesized then used in the
synthesis of target imides. Two nitrogen containing hetero cycles namely pyridine and quinazoline are
selected as biologically active components to be used in this work beside two β lactam antibiotics namely
Ampicillin and Cefotaxime in addition to active folic acid. The new cyclic imides were synthesized by
two step s in the first one 9,10 dihyro anthracene 9,10 endo α,β Succinic anhydride was introduced in
reaction with 4 amino pyridine,1 amino quinazoline 2 one, Ampicillin and Cefotaxime producing the
corresponding N --(drug) or N --( 9,10 dihydro anthracene 9,10 endo (α, Succinamic acid
with acetic anhydride which in turn were dehydrated . I n the second step via reaction involving acetic
anhydride and sodium acetate anhydrous below reflux conditions producing the target N --(drug) or N
(heterocycle) ,10 dihyro anthracene --( endo α,β Succinimides. N --(folic acid 9,10 dihyro
(anthracene 9,10 endo α,β) Succinimide was synthesized via direct reaction between folic acid and 9,10
dihydro anthracene 9,10 endo α,β Succinic anhydride in glacial acetic aci d under reflux. Results of
antimicrobial activity evaluation of the newly synthesized imides showed that the new imides exhibit
very high antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria and fungi.

Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum is one of the Schistosomatidae family that causing cercarial dermatitis in humans, heavy infestations and considerable economic casualties in production of animals like; sheep, goats and cow. The present study were designed to detection of O. turkestanicum in sheep at the molecular level by using 28S rRNA gene. Worms were collected from Maysan province/ Southern Iraq. Adult worms were observed in the mesenteric veins of infected sheep and identified as O. turkestanicum by traditional methods. Adult flukes used to extraction of DNA from tissue and applied on conventional PCR program to amplification of DNA. Size of PCR product were analyzed by 1% gel agarose was 1009bp in matching with specific DNA ladder (10000bp). Confirmation of molecular diagnosis of O. turkestanicum by using sequencing technique. The sequencing of the amplified PCR products were 100% identical between the adult blood flukes and Gene Bank. The conclusion is the molecular techniques are more accurate to detection of adult O. turkestanicum in compares with ordinary methods.

The interest of current research was to determine the effect of different types of vaginal douching (which are commercially available in pharmacies and legally prescribed by gynecologist to female patients with vaginal yeast candidiasis on Candida species). From ninety seven vaginal swab samples which were collected in the presence of specialized Gynecologist, sixty seven samples were positive, while thirty samples were negative. Candida isolates includes different species as follows, Candida albicans 46 isolates (68.65 %), C. tropicales 11 isolates (16.41 %), C. parasilopses 7 (10.44 %), and C. kyfer 3 isolates (4.47 %). The inhibitory effect (inhibition diameter) of douches was ranged from 50 mm in Gyno Baking Soda to 5 mm in Women Care, while some types of douches had no effect at all. Finally, it was concluded that despite the inhibitory effect for many types of douching on yeast isolates, such douches were cannot be used as a treatment for yeast vaginitis since they may increase the risk of yeast vaginal infection.

Acanthamoeba castellanii and the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum are members of
Amoebozoa. Both microorganisms were applied as model organisms in different biological studies. A.
c astellanii metacaspase ( Acmcp) and D. d iscoideum paracaspase (Ddpcp) proteins have been recently
discovered. Determining the function of Acmcp and Ddpcp provides a valuable information about their
role in more complex organisms. T his study aims to clone the Ddpcp gene in the Acanthamoeba
e xpression plasmids. T he Ddpcp gene was insert ed in a plasmids containing the TBP Promoter Binding
Factor (TPBF) gene promoters from A c astellanii and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as the
reporter gene . The promoters for Acanthamoeba TPBF gene was used to drive constitutive expression of
EGFP protein in stably transfected Acanthamoeba Recombinant TPBF is able to bind DNA and activate
transcription as the natural Acanthamoeba TPBF. The results showed a sucssesful constract of production
of recombinant Ddpcp gene in pTPBf plasmid that will be able to use later to provide a val ua ble
information about the function of Ddpcp in the Acanthamoeba parasite

Total of (104) urine samples were collected from patients suffering from urinary tract infection with different age groups from five hospitals in Baghdad (Ibn- Albalady, Al Yarmouk, Medical city, Baghdad hospital and Al-Kandy) from the period of the beginning of September to the end of December 2015. All samples were examined by traditional methods based on cultural characteristics, biochemical test and API 20 strep. The results showed the revealed of 50 isolates to Enterococcus and this confirmed by polymerase chain reaction technique based on amplification of species specific genes. PCR were performed for E.faecalis and E.faecium in order to confirm the presence of Esp gene which coding for Enterococcus surface protein using specific primer for gene, the results showed Enterococcus contain a proportion of 54% of Esp. Biofilm production was detected in E.faecalis and E.faecium by use two methods: Congo red agar method and microtiter plate method, our results showed 22(44%) of Enterococcus isolates was strong biofilm production, 25(50%)as moderate and 3(6%) as week biofilm production. By use Congo red method, in microtiter plate method results showed that 20(40%) of bacterial isolates was detected as strong, 26(52%) as moderate and 4(8%) as week biofilm production.