Journal of Juridical and Political Science

This research aims at shedding the light on the role of contact, by internet, in the education in terms of its definition, functions and effectiveness. The knowledge breadth of societies, development of education philosophy and the change of teachers' role tempt pedagogical to pay attention to the new instructional techniques. These techniques are addressing some of main problems that educational institutions faced and increasing their products through the rise of education rate which may be realized by providing equal opportunities for all individuals wherever they are and at any time taking in consideration the individual differences among learners. In the late of twenty century and in the early of twenty one century, the internet web pervade economical, social, cultural and political aspects of life due to its distinctive services it provides. This network is turned into a clarification device that provides information and photos in short time and little effort for teacher and learner altogether. Importance of the research lies on the significance of internet which is one of education requirements that teacher must know including the e-mail, conversations and other electronic programs . Also, the significance of instructions for their impact on societies as the performers of scientific and educational objectives that Institutions of Higher Education are seeking to realize. The current research wants to identify the role of contact services (with internet) in education development in Faculty of Education at Al-Mustansyria University and tries to:1- Identify the role of networks in education development. 2- Know which kind of networks is more widely used in teaching.3- Sign the differences of internet use for teachers according to gender variable. The research sample consists of (200) of both genders with (100) of females and (100)of males. The two researchers come up with the following set of results:1- Using the internet shall become an urgent necessity for the development of Higher Education Institutions.2- Using the internet in Higher Education shall increase opportunities for getting unique outputs.3- The application of using the internet shall push up the desire of learning.4- Using the internet in education shall promote the Higher Education level and contribute to country advance . Both researchers have come up with set of recommendations as a complement for this research as follows:1- Utilization of internet network shall be popularized in education.2- Concept of communication by internet shall be spread among all employees of Institutions of Higher Education.3- Institutions of Higher Education shall pay more attention to provide an educational environment enhanced with electronic devices in all Universities . Both researchers suggested a number of researches as follows:1- Conduct comparative studies among Foreign, Arab and Iraqi Universities on using the internet to know the Deficiencies to be overcome in future.2- Conduct a study on using the internet and its relation with social level.3- Conduct a study on the impact of using the internet on the curriculum for various stages.

The Law of Eshnunna is regarded the first Sami laws in ancient IRAQ, For it had preceded the Hammurabi Law, and being one of its sources.The Eshnunna law had not been searched, in detail, in the Arabic language, particularly, Form its legal aspects, ther fore intended to search it through a descriptive approach including analysis and comparison . The following are the primary contents, characteristics and conclusions of the Eshnunna law:1-It lackes clearly a general theory, legal formulation, and subject unity as all ancient Laws.2-It was adopted writing as an evidence instrument, and not as element in contract. Also, had adopted the principles of consent and pacta sunt sevanda.3-It has mixed between criminal responsibility and civil responsibility as in amercement.4-It has included the discrimination between society classes.5-It has determinated the prices and wages that were not existed in other ancient laws.6-It has stated some contracts (Sale, lease, loan, deposit, …..) also, it has stated the following crimes with its punishments (negligence, larcency, trespass, treason, kidnapping, …).

I have studied in this research Al-Estishab; which os probable judgement with theremain of a thing in presence. Because it has been provef previously being denial or proof and because it is suspected being uchanged. I have also spoken about Al-Estishab syntactically and semantically. And its pillars, conditions, types and degree of its evidence. Moreover, scientists' doctrines their evidence and Al-Estishab in the modernized issues such as "Brain death".Islamic Shariah is valid in all places and times and it accommodates all developments that arise in human life. The researcher has concluded some results; the most important is the Estishab one of the Shri3ah evidence that aims for the realistic application for the Shari3ah totals and purposes on the partial new development events in light of the surrounding conditions. And Al-Estishab is used when there is no other evidence. The study recommended that more studies be undertaken to understand the reality of contemporary applications of Al-Estishab.

The research is divided into an introduction and three sections and a conclusion stated in the introduction the importance of the rules of jurisprudence and my plan in the search and the difficulties that I faced in writing Search In Section I knew the rules and wordy relevant evidence and the importance of the rules of jurisprudence, and the second section, speaking for al-Qaida mother in verdicts certainties ((certainty not disappears doubt with applications contemporary)) In the third topic: the rules of jurisprudence certainties sub and applications of contemporary. has used the principle of induction and rooting in the writing of research where Astqri books of fiqh rules and Ataatbaha to set and adjust the fork of them judgments certainties and its response to the assets that were unearthed them and to branches and drawn Scientists them with male contemporary applications as much as possible and gave the maximum my best and that the destination more important when writing Find. Valttabiqat are contemporary branches of doctrinal fall under the rules of jurisprudence and mentioning renewed jurisprudence increasingly suit and splendor in light of economic developments and informatics, technical and other taking place in the world, and these developments and incidents must have from the provisions of doctrinal devised scholars of every era of the sources of Islamic jurisprudence original and dependency . And this jurisprudence fall under the rules of jurisprudence, therefore they have to be renewed studies of jurisprudence in every age and this makes the Islamic jurisprudence richer and more accurate and more sophisticated with the development of jurisprudence evolving jurisprudence Judgements jurisprudential supply the rules of fiqh verdicts to keep the rules of jurisprudence manholes for scholars and students of forensic science and the basis for the culture of Muslims in every place and time . to abounded jurisprudence colorful became necessary to classify and count to make it easier for owners of jurisdiction reviewed and the science students take advantage of them and the muftis reliable.

The research addresses a study on the policy of legal rule to clarify the meaning of legitimate policy, and clarify the meaning of the incest's marriage to kinship between women and men. The intended meaning of marriage is intercourse in general i.e. (to sleep with a woman).The cause of this prohibition in Islam is to cut the ties of kinship. There was permitting for some heavenly religions and other incest marriage, and it came to the worst of what is so-called as a marriage and other violations. Legal judgment to those who committed this crime is murder with sword in order to be judged as a deterrent to others and that because he committed the most heinous crimes in our Islamic society.

There is no doubt that the contracts today are no longer in the way, which was held out immediately and be limited to the issuance of offer and acceptance that adds the status of consensual, but that the requirements of public interest and the need to protect the credit of the contracts led to find another type of contract specified by a certain characteristic which is an official or formal. The legislator thinks that there is a need to such character, so it is necessary for us to seek the meaning of this formalism in Islamic jurisprudence and law which we've done in this research. We found that the intended formality here may be a legal one required by law that contract could not be concluded without it or it may be a formal agreement imposed by the will of contractors, or it may be a legislative formality imposed by the Islamic legislator for some act is being correct.Whatever the case is, the violation of this formalism may lead to the nullity of the legal act such as the violation of the formalism drawn by the law, and sometimes to the corruption of the act of the violation of the formalism painted by Islamic legislation.According to the authentic opinion in Islamic jurisprudence, the marriage contract is a formal contract as it is required, for being a legal contract, to be associated with the consent and the acceptance at the Council of the contract and the presence of two witnesses who can hear and understand the words of the two contracting parties together at one time in the House of the marriage contract. Iraqi legislator of the Personal Status Law has made the registration of the marriage contract by the court as necessary formality needed to prove this contract which is undoubtedly an official device made by legislator to prove this contract at dispute or denial before the court. The time and the place of this contract is determined by the presence of the two contracting parties and witnesses at the real House of contract, or at the House of the constructive contract in case that one of the two contracting parties is absent, and the moment of the declaration of acceptance of the Council at reading the book or the Board of conveying the message legally, and from the moment of knowing the positive acceptance and receiving this acceptance by him legally. Of the formal contracts, as shown to us, that the Iraqi civil law addressed is the insurance or official mortgage contract by making the registration of the mortgage in the office of real estate registration as a necessary formality for holding the contract, otherwise this contract will be invalid. The moment of signing this contract is determined by the time and the place where the binder is practicing his competence in this regard with the presence of the mortgaged and mortgagee in the House of the mortgage contract.

After the victory of Justice and Development Turkish Party (AK) in the legislative elections taken place in 2002, the U.S. administration, headed by George W. Bush, the son, hastened, two months prior to the party assumption of the government headed by Recep Tayyip Erdogan, to contact the European leaders on the sidelines of the Brussels summit, urging them to give Turkey an appointment to start its accession to the European Union, while the Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan emphasized in return, in more than one occasion, that the United States is a natural partner for Turkey in its quest to achieve its strategic objectives and to have the support of Turkey on combating terrorism in its true sense. Besides, playing an important role in the development of energy resources of Caspian basin and its developed relationship with various countries of the Balkan Peninsula, has made itself a key to the establishment of cooperation in the region. And so, the U.S. President, Barack Obama, does when he called for the admission of the Turkey in EU's membership on the sidelines of the top twenty meetings of 2009 which reveals that Turkey has no longer been just a bridge between the East and the West, but also it has become a pivotal state due to the policy of the Justice and Development Party, that earned this strategic importance in American policy . In light of this policy pursued by the Justice and Development Party , the subject matter will be dealt with according to two axes , the first discusses the dimensions of Turkish - U.S. relationship, while the other focuses on the perception of variables and strengthening the common between them. In addition to the conclusion and the most important results.

It is an obvious matter that the Judicial immunity of diplomatic envoy is very important for providing a space of freedom to get to know serenely and being away from the intervention of the state to which he is delegated. International Custom is set to grant the envoy an immunity and is being confirmed by relevant international agreements. But, this advantage has been misused to escape from submission to justice. Some countries intended to hide this advantage from their citizens who commit crimes so they fail court appearance.However , the international community was aware of this, so it states Article 27 of the Statute of the International Criminal Court that not to counting on the official capacity to undergo the court's jurisdiction, and thus diplomatic status will no longer be a barrier from being subject to the jurisdiction of International Criminal Court if the diplomatic envoy committed the crimes set in the Statute of the international Criminal Court.

The information crimes are considered of more prevalent topics on the international, regional and local levels currently. This crime has taken, as result of the negative using of technology and technics related, significant space of interesting in that side, because the magnitude of effects resulting from this modern phenomenon in all areas of life to some extent.In the time that these crimes found resonance with people who are interested in fighting them, we haven’t found that they have agreement or semi-agreement on specific term or definition or classification determined to refer to the non-social and illegal actives which could fall under the title of this crime.So, determining points mentioned above and issues related which can be arisen in the light of that term, such as determining the role played by a computer and technic systems and their relationship to the human factor, represents the fundamentals of the establishment of a legal strategy for combatting these crimes.In this study we have examined concept of the information crime which contains: defining of the information crime, determining characteristics of the information crime and clarifying types and features of cybercriminal. While the second part of this study has contained: determining accurate and clear classification of the information crime, displaying the relationship and the role of the information technologies and a computer in committing the crime. And a need of that technique to the human factor in fulfilling these illegal behaviors.

The medical profession is one of the professions of humanity, so the doctor respect for the human body because of its sanctity and the preservation of the lives of people while in performance of his duty, because the medical profession imposed on the doctor and the legal and moral duty is to make honest efforts in the treatment of patients.The development of medicine in recent times where he became a principle prevailing is that for every disease drug has also become the most diseases affecting the teeth within the reach of scientists of modern medicine did not stop medicine at the treatment of diseases, but extended to achieve the wishes of the teeth, even if not sick doctor performs operations for people, as opposed to these developments to the science of medicine there are negative effects this development, the most important medical errors that fall from some doctors indictable patient antibiotics indiscriminately without taking into account the patient allergies or forgetting a piece of gauze in the bowels of the patient causing damage caused to the patient.That the responsibility of the doctor by which you are accountable must be available where the pillars of the legal responsibility is wrong and the damage and the causal relationship between fault and damage is also the responsibility of the doctor around the question Is it the responsibility of nodal all this will we are considering the subject of our research entitled (the responsibility of the doctor Civil for his mistakes professional), where you divide the topic into two sections the first allocated to the Elements of medical liability in the three demands of the first corner error and the second of the damage and third causality the second section legal responsibility of the doctor and the rule achieved in demand for the first dedicated to the legal nature of the responsibility of the doctor and the second rule check that responsibility with the finale included the most important findings and recommendations.