Kut University College Journal for Humanitarian Science

The current research aims to find out the effect of the K.W.L.H strategy in acquiring historical concepts among first-grade intermediate students in history, and to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher formulated the following hypothesis:
There are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group students who study history with the K.W.L.H strategy and the average scores of the control group students who study the same subject in the traditional way in the acquisition of historical concepts test.
The researcher chose the General Directorate for Education of the Third Rusafa, and in a simple random way, the average of the brothers was chosen for the boys, and parity between the two groups was conducted with some variables, and the researcher prepared a test (conceptual acquisition) after confirming its validity and stability, and at the end of the experiment, the test was applied (conceptual acquisition) and the results were Research The students of the experimental group who studied history with the K.W.L.H strategy outperformed the students of the control group in the test, acquiring concepts, and at the end of the research the researcher recommended a number of recommendations and proposals.

Ibn Malik al-Andalusi is considered a grammarian among the scholars of his time. However, he was not among those who worked on documenting Arabic grammar, as the era of grammatical standardization had passed by his time, especially since he was a grammarian from the 7th century AH. Nevertheless, we find him using the dialects of Arab tribes, which he selected from the works of linguists who preceded him. Therefore, this research addresses the dialects of Arab tribes mentioned in Ibn Malik al-Andalusi\'s works and how he described grammar through these dialects. The tribes frequently mentioned in his works are the Hijazi and Tamimi dialects, in addition to other dialects that he did not name specifically but mentioned in general with the grammatical rule. Hence, this research comes with an introduction, a set of sections, a conclusion highlighting the main findings, and a list of sources and references.

Sociology has become one of the indispensable sciences today to study the general characteristics of all types of social phenomena in addition to studying the mutual relationships between these phenomena.
Sociology is similar in its importance to the social sciences to the importance of mathematics to the natural sciences, as it is impossible to study natural science, for example, without some knowledge of mathematics. Likewise, it is not possible to study economics or political science, for example, without ignoring sociology.
Sociology is a new academic trend growing among other social sciences, including economics, politics, anthropology, history, and psychology, but its founding ideas, in any case, have a long history and can be traced back to a mixture of human knowledge and knowledge. common philosophy.
Sociology as it now emerged as a scientific formulation in the early nineteenth century as an academic response to the challenge of modernity. The world became more and more integrated and interconnected, while the lives of individuals became more individualistic and isolated. Therefore, sociologists have tried to understand the transformations that have taken place in social groups, trying to develop a remedy for social disintegration.

Obstacles The present study aimed to identify the obstacles hindering digital teaching among Social Studies teachers from their own perspectives. To achieve this objective, the researcher employed the descriptive method and developed a measurement scale consisting of (28) items, which were constructed based on relevant literature and previous studies addressing the topic. After completing the development of the instrument, it was reviewed by a group of experts and specialists to verify its validity, and its reliability was confirmed using appropriate statistical procedures, allowing it to be adopted in its final form. The instrument was then administered to the main research sample, which was randomly selected in a manner suitable to the target population. The sample consisted of (200) male and female teachers of Social Studies in secondary schools (morning classes) affiliated with the Wasit Directorate of Education, including (128) male teachers and (72) female teachers. After collecting the data, the researcher used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the data and interpret the results.
The findings indicated the presence of several obstacles to digital teaching, which were attributed to factors related to the teacher, the student, as well as the school administration. These three dimensions collectively represent the main sources of challenges encountered in the implementation of digital teaching among Social Studies teachers.

The research aim to identify the effect of training program based on positive thinking of trend 4th students literature branch in math, the following zero hypothesis were formula to achieve the objective : There is no statistically significant teams at echelon of (0.05) among mean scores of empiricism group teaching in using training program based on positive thinking & the mean of control group schooling according to natural method in trend cubit .In order to verify validity of two hypothesis, Researcher conducted an experiment for whole semester (2024-2025). Experiment confined to 4th students literature branch. He depended on the partial design experimentalism and control groups with posttest. School chosen for the experiment is Al-Qassim prep for boys. sample included(54) students who were subdivided into two subgroups contains (27) students per group. Two groups were matched in variants intelligence test, previous achievement, knowledge test& tribal direction. Researcher requirements were determine study content, analyzing them , formulate behavioral targets for both combos, building a cubit for trend including (30) items. After termination of teaching items according to plan prepared for the two groups the post test was applied and the post test of acquire test on demo of two demos. Thus, the zero hypothesis of studying acquisition were rejected. Quester recommended the necessity of using training program based on positive thinking in reaching math on different levels of education.

This research addresses the phenomenon of misuse of social media as one of the most prominent challenges of our time. These platforms are no longer merely tools for communication and information exchange, but have often transformed into arenas for disseminating negative behaviors and unethical practices. This is evident in the violation of privacy, the spread of rumors, and hate speech.
The study also concluded that the misuse of these media poses a real threat to social and intellectual security, and that the fundamental reason lies in a lack of awareness regarding the use of these sites and the absence of adequate ethical and legislative controls. This topic has also received widespread attention in academic and social circles due to the negative effects this phenomenon has on individual behavior and societal stability.
This research also concluded with a set of recommendations emphasizing the need for electronic or digital education, updating laws related to cybercrimes, and activating the role of educational and media institutions in spreading the culture of responsible use of social media platforms.

This research aims to study the phenomenon of singular sound repetition in the supplications of the two Imams al-Askariyyayn (peace be upon them), through a semantic analysis that reveals the aesthetic and spiritual dimensions of this phonetic technique. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to trace the patterns of phonetic repetition and its semantic functions in the text, with a focus on individual sounds and their role in deepening spiritual meanings and intensifying faith-based emotions. The research seeks to uncover how sound repetition is employed in constructing meaning and intended significance, and how it contributes to enhancing the internal rhythm of the supplication, thereby creating a psychological and spiritual impact on the reader or speaker.

The United Nations is the only global platform that enables all countries of the world to meet, discuss common challenges, and seek collective solutions that benefit all of humanity. Its duties and functions are derived from the United Nations Charter, which serves as its constitution. It allows its members to express their views through dialogues held in the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, and the Security Council. In addition, there are many committees and bodies within the organization that work to solve problems, conclude agreements, and conduct negotiations.
This research is divided into four main sections:
The Establishment of the United Nations, which outlines the two phases of its formation: the phase of declarations and the phase of conferences. The Objectives and Principles of the United Nations, focusing on the organization’s goals and the principles it upholds in the international community. Membership in the United Nations, discussing the process of joining, the types of membership, and the conditions for admission. The Organs of the United Nations, covering the General Assembly, the Security Council, and the Secretariat.

The research problem lies in clarifying the relationship between the characters in the sermon, the symbolic manifestation of these characters, and the connotations associated with them, which limits understanding the structural and semantic relationship of the text. The importance of the research lies in its ability to shed light on the symbolic dimension of the characters and reveal the multiple functions they perform within the text, thus enhancing understanding of the moral, social, and political values ​​reflected in the religious and literary discourse of Imam Ali, peace be upon him. The research aims to identify the symbols and connotations associated with the characters, analyze the structural relationship between the characters and their functions within the text, and reveal the dimensions that are not apparent in the text. The research relies on the structural approach to text analysis by analyzing the texts, dividing the sermon into its basic elements, classifying the characters according to their symbolic functions, linking these functions to the general structure of the text, and the interaction of the characters with the general meaning of the sermon. It is expected that the research results will show that the characters carry multiple symbolic functions that reflect human, social, and political values, that the text supports the interaction of the characters’ symbols with the general meaning of the text, and that the structural perspective can reveal the extent of hidden characters and their mutual relationships, which provides an effective tool for studying religious and literary texts in general. Deeper and more objective. It is characterized by a high level of composition, eloquence of expression, clarity, and clarity, and the harmony of the words and phrases within a single sentence and sermon. The text's movements are integrated, and the separation and connection are simultaneously present. The sermon's content and vocal rhythmic beauty are also distinguished. It avoids the need for mobilization, unlike other sermons. Its purpose is to clarify the pain and sorrow that are occurring in the conscience of Imam Ali (peace be upon him).

The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based training program in reducing test anxiety among sixth-grade preparatory students. The researcher adopted a one-group pre-post experimental design. The study sample consisted of 40 students from the sixth preparatory grade. A training program was developed and implemented over the course of 12 sessions, focusing on enhancing present-moment awareness, emotional regulation, and acceptance of exam-related stressors.To assess test anxiety levels, the Sarason Test Anxiety Scale was used, which comprises 38 items distributed across three dimensions: cognitive, behavioral, and physiological. Post-test results revealed statistically significant differences compared to the pre-test, indicating that the program effectively reduced students' test anxiety levels.

This study aims to the statement of the impact of consensus and quota on trends of the Iraqi parties and its attitudes and priorities, the importance of this study is stemming from the size and kind of the results that are entailed on following the consensus as an approach to governance in Iraq and an attitude to the political forces and influential parties in the Iraqi decision industry, tne main research problem is summarized in a hypothesis that ، due to the Consensus، the Iraqi parties were largely restricted in this equation of building its insights , derictions and its approach in dealing with the crucial issues , so that resulted in obstructing the functioning of the political system in Iraq perfectly, and obstructing the electoral programs implementing of these forces and parties, this study has come up with an important results and the most prominent is that the consensus has come for many reasons, some of them are related to the Iraqi society structure and its demography, and the other one is related to a previous information that formed the Iraqi opposition trends abroad for the previous regime, and reasons related to an international orientation especially the American occupation and civil governor Paul Bremer, other important outcomes resulted from adopting consensus, the most prominent is obstructing the formation of governments after every election, the difficulty of achieving a political majority ,The absence of the role of the political opposition, the emergence of party dictatorship, the dominance of traditional forces and weakening the role of small and emerging parties , these results support the validity of the research and study hypothesis.

The research aims to measure the level of passion and objectification among the sample members, as well as to identify differences between the sexes and find the relationship between the two variables. Using statistical tools and appropriate tools, it was found that the sample members enjoy passion and objectification, but in favor of females, with a correlation between the two variables, and this indicates that there is a great role for passion in building family relationships. The researcher selects a sample of 400 professors, 200 males and 200 females, all of whom are married and work at the university as professors, Statistical packages: SPSS-- T-test -- Pearson correlation-standard deviation-SMA.

Vocabulary development is essential in any language proficiency, but one of the most common problems for learners is retaining learned vocabularies over time. The current study investigates the effectiveness of multimodal glossing on vocabulary retention on EFL Iraqi students. Ninety participants were randomly divided into three groups: Group A who received L2 (second language) definitions along with L1 (first language) translations, Group B who received L2 definitions with accompanying pictures, and Group C received only L2 definitions. A pre-test was provided to the three groups to assess vocabulary knowledge, followed by a treatment involving specific reading passages tailored to each group's glossing method. Finally, a post-test was administered to evaluate vocabulary retention. Statistical analyses, including two-variable variance and t-tests with a paired sample t-test, were used to examine the gathered data. The findings revealed that Group B, which received glosses that included pictures, demonstrated the highest retention rates for vocabulary.

This investigation focuses on the key roadblocks that hinder the students from acquiring the English language through the English language in the outlying rural areas of Iraq. For this purpose, 150 students were taken as the research sample from different primary and secondary schools located in the rural areas of Iraq. The students were selected to provide a representation of the intended demographic, i.e., they were a cross-section of rural learners. The students had to fill in a questionnaire developed for the purpose of the study that was structured so as to recognize and analyze the various linguistic, environmental, and instructional issues these students were facing. The findings disclose the specifics of the major obstacles to the acquisition of the English language in the countryside that revolve around but are not limited to the lack of qualified English teachers, which is a continuation of invalid exposure to English only in the school atmosphere, and the lack of learning materials like textbooks, audiovisual aids, and internet connectivity. The data demonstrate the difficulty of pronunciation for the pupils, the acquisition of vocabulary, and reading comprehension, mainly due to the limited exposure to the English language and the practice and the interaction that the students had. This conclusion is based on the students' responses to the questionnaire items.

This study analyzes the Mistake Magnification Effect (MME) on translators’ behavior-a cognitive bias in which translators over-amplify their perception on the severity of errors, particularly those that are produced by automatic translation systems. To do so, we conducted an experiment with 20 professional translators and translation students that investigated how translation errors are perceived, processed, and revised; amplified changes between text editing. Based on eye-tracking, think-aloud protocols, and error analysis models, we demonstrated that translators view minor, predictive MT errors as more severe than human errors, which has implications for translation quality assessment and training. The study contributes to TQA by offering empirical evidence on cognitive biases in perception of errors and recommends practical suggestions to improve translation pedagogy and machine translation (MT) post-editing workflows.

The student-centered teaching (SCT) approach, also known as learner-centered or child-centered teaching, is characterized by student participation and a focus on tailoring teaching methodologies to individual student needs, learning styles, skills, and goals. It involves clear skill instruction, reflection on learning and how it is achieved, student control over learning, and collaboration within the classroom community. The benefits of SCT include increased student engagement, improved learning outcomes, and the development of lifelong learning skills. However, it can also face barriers, including the need for extensive planning and preparation, the potential for unequal participation among students, and the need for teacher training and support. Technology can enhance SCT by providing access to a wide range of learning materials and resources, facilitating communication and collaboration, and allowing for personalized and flexible learning. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research examines quantitative data from pre- and post-assessments of critical thinking alongside qualitative insights from classroom observations and student interviews. Results show that, in comparison to traditional lecture-based methods, student-centered approaches greatly improve analytical thinking, problem-solving, and metacognitive reflection. Active participation, peer cooperation, and practical knowledge application are important elements influencing this improvement. However, difficulties were observed, including student opposition to self-directed learning and differing teacher readiness. The study ends with suggestions for how teachers might successfully include student-centered practices, with a focus on formative feedback and scaffolding techniques to optimize the development of critical thinking.