Surra Man Ra'a

The educational contents derived from the addresses directed to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, are the divine education inspired by the words of God Almighty to the master of mankind. Being the leader, teacher and guide for all of humanity, and its source is the Book of Allah, which includes laws, beliefs, values, principles and morals, and is the source of its authenticity, the Messenger of Mercy, may God bless him and grant him peace, applied divine education as a practical and real behavior, and his noble companions, may God be pleased with them, embodied it in their work and conduct. It was a right upon us, indeed an inevitable duty, to derive what came in the Holy Quran of educational contents, with its origins, objectives, methods, principles and values, so that we may draw and be inspired by the miraculous Book of Allah, whose wonders never end, the educational lessons that help us to advance human behavior in a manner that is consistent with the divine honor of man. Education is the effective tool in reforming, modifying and correcting the trends of the young learner, and in a more comprehensive sense, it is a tool for changing his behavior, and educational institutions, the family and society bear the responsibility of raising the young on upright behavior, sound nature and the acquisition of all good morals. Then, these Quranic educational studies open horizons for the specialist in education. A broad and important educational mission that enables him to derive from it applied and scientific educational content. The Holy Quran is full of educational directives with all their contents and objectives, cognitive, emotional, skill-based, and psychological. The educator can transform them into practical programs that benefit him in the educational and pedagogical process. The educator must urge the young to love values, virtues, and lofty principles; so that he is committed to them and able to confront all the challenges that confront him.

This research is between the reality of the banking fees that banks put in loans, and the statement of its work and the laws that were enacted in it. Among contemporary scholars, they reached the permissibility of imposing it, in order to solve the problems that occur in imposing interest on loans.

It is a manuscript that contains a commentary on Imam Al-Baydawi’s interpretation of this verse - may God have mercy on him - in which Al-Allamah Al-Ansari clarified issues that Imam Al-Baydawi had researched، as he discussed the reports of some scholars who had addressed the interpretation of the verse or discussed Al-Baydawi’s interpretation of it. Based on the above، the researcher undertook the task of verifying and correcting the text، clarifying what needed clarification، identifying its scholars، documenting its texts، and beginning with identifying its author، the scholar Al-Ansari - may God have mercy on him. The manuscript is worthy of investigation، as it contains multiple discussions related to this verse، and reveals the diversity of scholars’ deductions from it، and how some of them responded to others، and the position of the author Al-Ansari on all of them.

The research on the topic is summarized by the term (Iblis) in the verses of the Holy Qur’an, and I showed in it the explanatory and graphic differences between this term and the word Satan or the jinn. from research

Social references play a major role in knowing the social history of nations and the prevailing customs in them; therefore, we see that these references emerged in the production of writers, whether poets or writers, as the customs and traditions that surround social custom in the societies of the Ayyubid era were characterized by a conservative religious character, as we see that any deviant social behavior is met with strangeness and disgust despite the openness of society in that period, especially since it represents an extension of the Abbasid era, which mixed in the Persians with the Arabs and at that time the melody in the language and flirting with boys and debauchery in actions became widespread, and what concerns us in this research is to focus on the references that are the basis and foundation on which the descendants rely on the customs of the ancestors and their social customs, which were previously mentioned, such as neighborhood, generosity, loyalty to the covenant, and others. Thus, the poets focused on including in their poetic production those social customs that represent (a treasure) in which every society boasts and raises its nose, especially since the Arabs love to boast about lineages

Early scholars worked to explain the meanings of the eloquent Qur'anic terms that were deemed unusual or obscure, and they sought to interpret the measure of their strangeness since the revelation of the Qur'an. Thus, the field of Gharib al-Qur'an (The Study of Obscure Qur'anic Words) emerged. The aim of this study is to clarify the linguistic standard for the strangeness of Qur'anic terms according to scholars of Gharib al-Qur'an. This was achieved by directing these terms linguistically, establishing the original linguistic standards, explaining the reasons for their deviation from these standards, and highlighting the changes that occurred to justify their perceived strangeness. The morphological standard was one of the most significant measures referenced by scholars in their works, as they explained the strangeness of Qur'anic terms through it. The deviation of a word from its original morphological standard, by appearing in an alternate form—such as the appearance of verbal nouns in forms that deviate from the norm, adjectives not conforming to their original standard, plural forms, and attributive forms differing from the standard—served as a justifiable factor for the strangeness of Qur'anic terms. This is the subject of this study.

This research deals with the book (Al-Muqtabas) between the descriptive and normative approaches. This is to determine the extent to which Al-Mubarrad was influenced in this book by the descriptive approach, which is the doctrine of listening that tends to take the apparent meaning of the language. And the extent to which he was influenced by the normative approach, which is the doctrine of analogy that is keen on interpretation and estimation.

Personification and embodiment are among the most prominent artistic and visual techniques employed by poets throughout the ages due to their profound expressive and semantic impact in enriching poetic imagery and imbuing abstract or inanimate elements with human or sensory qualities. Personification involves attributing human characteristics to non-human entities or abstract concepts, making them capable of feeling, reacting, and moving. This grants poetic imagery a unique, suggestive power that transcends ordinary language and moves toward creative figurative expression. On the other hand, embodiment manifests in giving abstract meanings a tangible and sensory appearance, rendering them visible as concrete entities with dimensions and shapes. This technique creates a space for the reader to contemplate abstract ideas within a visual framework, endowing poetry with imaginative and representational power that can transform meanings into vivid, living images. Poets, both ancient and modern, have excelled in employing these two techniques, demonstrating their stylistic flexibility and ability to surpass the limits of ordinary language—thus reflecting the unique nature of poetry as a linguistic art rooted in suggestion and implication rather than in direct statement and explicitness.

This study aims to critically examine the semiotics of passions within its major categories, exploring the emotional level from the perspective of the creative process, with its aesthetic and semantic specificity, and visionary horizons. This study uses a methodological approach that harnesses the concepts of semiotics of passions to join literary semiotics and the aesthetics of reception. This theory is invested in and pursued for emotions, passions, and bodily reactions within the context of critical reading, departing from the psychological-anthropological approach that dominates the semiotics of passions and the logical rigor that surrounds its concepts and descriptions of emotion, rendering it incapable of fulfilling the aspirations of a critical reading of literary texts. This methodological approach is applied to the selected sample, the short story collection (Aquarelle) by Ahmed Khaled Tawfik, due to its narrative content being based on the passion for horror.

France is one of the European countries that has a great and important position at the European and global levels, and its history in the modern era is full of events, perhaps the most prominent of which is the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, and the important events that followed, especially during the era of the National Convention, which took upon itself the rule of France after the dismissal of the King Louis XVI, and he abolished the monarchy and declared the republic, then the ruler of King Louis XVI, as his trial was one of the first trials in the history of France. Europe, on the other hand, to undermine and end the revolution, and that is what we will discuss in detail in this research.

The clear skies influenced the spread of the art of stargazing and planetary observation among the Arabs. Natural sciences such as tracking, wind direction, and soil quality also spread among them. The Arabs would locate their water by a specific star, and even linked their journeys to a star, which guided them to their destinations. Because the desert was vast, it required its inhabitants to know its locations and the homes of other tribes they could conquer. Poets in their ancient days had no better pastime than stargazing. Planetary and planetary science played an important role in the lives of pre-Islamic Arabs, as they were part of their culture and religious beliefs. Arabs worshipped celestial bodies and considered them deities representing the forces of nature. Astrology is based on two principles: examining the celestial spheres in relation to cosmic events such as peace and war, clear skies, rain, cheap and expensive goods, and their effective influence on people's actions and fortunes. Therefore, in this research, we will explain the celestial bodies and planetary science that interested the pre-Islamic Arabs, the reasons for this interest, and its impact on societies after the advent of Islam.

This study aims to explore the geopolitical dimensions of ancient civilizations that emerged in the Middle East, with a focus on Iraq as the cradle of the first organized human civilization. The research addresses the geographic factors that contributed to the rise of these civilizations, such as geographical location, climate, water resources, and topographic characteristics It analyzes how these elements supported the development of early political, economic, and cultural systems. The study also examines civilizational interaction among entities such as Sumer, Egypt, Persia, and Anatolia, highlighting conflicts and alliances that formed the roots of early political thinking. Findings indicate that ancient Iraq was a central launch point for civilizational development in the Middle East—not only due to its natural resources but also as the birthplace of early forms of administration and centralized governance. Furthermore, the strategic geographic dimension of these civilizations enabled them to exert significant influence over their surrounding regions. The study employs a historical-analytical approach supported by maps and comparative geographic data to present a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between geography and politics in the emergence of early civilizations .

This study aims to analyze the morphometric and hydrological characteristics of the Mirka Valley Basin, located in Duhok Governorate, using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques and relying on the ArcGIS Pro V3.0.2 software. The study examined the natural factors influencing the basin, in addition to assessing its geometric and drainage characteristics. The results of this study showed that the basin area reached 20.12 km², while the basin perimeter measured 21.37 km. The geometric parameters indicated that the shape of the basin closely resembles an elliptical form, which aligns with the actual boundaries of the basin in reality. The study also revealed that the area features rugged terrain, with a roughness index of 68.047 m, indicating a high probability of flash floods due to the presence of steep slopes, which contribute to rapid surface runoff. Additionally, the study found that the basin has a drainage network with low density. The longitudinal drainage density coefficient was recorded at 9.95 km/km², while the numerical density was 54.12 streams/km, indicating a limited formation of tributary channels due to the influence of solid terrain, which restricts their development. This study contributes to the establishment of a geographic database for the basin, which can be relied upon for environmental planning and sustainable water resource management in the region. Furthermore, the study emphasized the importance of utilizing modern geographic technologies, particularly GIS, in morphometric and hydrological analysis.

Personal data protection has become one of the most important human concerns in the digital age. Its essential role and significant importance have emerged on multiple levels, and its value has increased in various ways and means. The importance of data stems from its abundance and the ability to manipulate and employ it in various fields as needed. Sources of access to data have diversified with the invasion of digital technology into people's lives. This research aims to shed light on the tort liability resulting from the unlawful use of personal data in Iraqi law, in light of rapid technological development and the widespread dissemination of personal data across various digital platforms. To achieve the research objective, the researcher relied on the descriptive and analytical approach. The study concluded that Iraqi law, to date, lacks independent and comprehensive legislation that fully regulates the protection of personal data. There are no clear and detailed rules for data collection, processing, storage, and transfer, nor for defining the rights of data owners and the obligations of the parties dealing with them. The research also recommends the establishment of an independent oversight body with broad powers to oversee the implementation of the data protection law.

The constitutional judiciary is a fundamental pillar in building modern states and an indispensable partner in promoting democracy and protecting its principles. It is also the primary guarantor of the principle of the separation of powers, which is the cornerstone of building stable and just political systems. In democratic systems, where sovereignty resides with the people and is exercised through their elected institutions, there is an urgent need for an independent and impartial judiciary to monitor the constitutionality of laws and decisions issued by the legislative and executive branches. This ensures that neither branch exceeds its constitutional jurisdiction and safeguards the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens. This research aims to demonstrate the role of the constitutional judiciary in the separation of powers, using a descriptive and analytical approach. The research concludes that the constitutional judiciary is an effective tool for ensuring the rule of law for all, including the legislative and executive branches themselves. The research also recommends increasing public awareness of the role of the constitutional judiciary and its importance in promoting democracy and protecting rights.

This research aimed to identify the "impact of teaching using interactive electronic activities via the Wordwall program on developing motivation towards learning among first-year middle school students in the computer subject." The researcher employed an experimental approach, and the research tools included a scale measuring motivation towards learning. The research community included all first-year middle school students in secondary schools affiliated with the Department of Religious Education in the first semester of the academic year (2024-2025). A sample of (66) students from Sheikh Marouf Al-Karkhi Secondary School was intentionally selected. One of them represented the experimental group (33) students, and the other represented the control group (33) students. The research results showed that students in the experimental group, who studied using interactive electronic activities via the Wordwall program, obtained higher scores than students in the control group, who studied in the usual way, in terms of overall motivation towards learning. In addition, there were statistically significant differences in the motivation scale in favor of the experimental group. Based on these results, the researcher recommends encouraging students to use interactive electronic activities via the Wordwall program to implement educational tasks and benefit from the electronic drawing tools provided by these programs.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of semantic maps in developing geographic text comprehension skills among fifth-grade literary students. The study adopted an experimental approach, dividing a sample of 60 students into two groups: an experimental group taught using semantic maps, and a control group taught using traditional methods. The results showed statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group in the post-test. They achieved a higher academic average (17.46 compared to 13.02 for the control group), and also excelled in analytical, critical, and deductive comprehension. The results confirm that semantic maps enhance geographic comprehension by visually organizing information and linking concepts, supporting the theories of constructivist learning and cognitive processing. The study also made recommendations, most notably: adopting semantic maps in geography teaching, training teachers on their use, and incorporating them into the curriculum.

Lexical entries are one of the most important topics to be seen in lexicography, especially in practical lexicography. This research is also an attempt to identify the scientific principles to which a lexicographer should be attached when creating dictionaries in order to produce a scientific dictionary according to some scientific conditions. For this reason, we wanted in this research to show the importance of this topic in the Kurdish dictionary and to what extent our Kurdish dictionary implemented these principles and neglected some principles. This research is divided into two parts, the first part is called )Concepts, Definitions and Entry Frames), which describes in this section the dictionary entries such as: collection, selection, composition, number, type, and arrangement of entries. The second part is called )The Lexical Entries in the Kurdish Lexicography (for example. In it, he talks about the application of scientific principles to the entries in the specified dictionary. The most important result we received is that most of our Kurdish dictionaries are written without regard for the scientific principles that must be followed. The (Sindi) Dictionary also largely followed the scientific principles of the entries in creating the dictionary .

Roald Dahl's Fantastic Mr. Fox is often considered a charming children's story, but it also contains rich layers of meaning when analyzed through the lens of Marxist literary theory. This approach focuses on themes of class struggle, labor, and resistance to capitalist oppression. The text depicts a clear dichotomy between the bourgeoisie, represented by the wealthy and exploitative farmers Boggis, Bunce, and Bean, and the proletariat, embodied by Mr. Fox and his secret society. The story examines the oppressive mechanisms of the ruling class, the collective resistance of the oppressed, and the redistribution of resources as a means of overthrowing capitalist domination. Dahl's ideological critique of the greed and destruction of the capitalist class is evident in the exaggerated moral corruption of the farmers, while Mr. Fox serves as an invented, community-oriented proletarian hero. This analysis highlights the potential of the text as a site for exploring socio-economic dynamics and the triumph of collective resistance.