Rafidain journal of science

A simple, fast and precise high performance liquid chromatographic method for the assay of trimethoprim in the presence of sulphamethoxazole has been developed. The procedure is based on using acetonitril: water: acetic acid in the ratio of 30:69.9:0.1 (v : v : v) as a mobile phase, flow rate (1ml/min.) and uv detector (254nm.).Each analysis required no longer than 10 minutes. the detector responses were linear in the range of 0.05-120µg/ml for trimethoprim with a relative standard deviation of 0.49-0.971% and a relative error of 1-2.5% .
The proposed method was also applied satisfactorily to the pharmaceutical preparation.

Some new derivatives of 1,3,5-oxadiazine-4-one (7-9) and 1,3,5-oxadiazine-4-thione (10-12) were synthesized using two different diamides (N, N′-Diaroyl urea /thiourea Compounds (1-6)).
N, N′-Diaroyl urea /thiourea compounds (1-6) were prepared by the reaction of urea and thiourea with benzoyl chloride and substituted benzoyl chloride respectively under basic conditions. Cyclodehydration of the diamides under acidic conditions afforded the 1,3,5-oxadiazine compounds.
All compounds were identify by physical and spectroscopic methods

The single-and multi-parametric linear regression analysis is applied for the study of the influence of different factors on the kinetic of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. The rate constants of the addition of eight N-( substituted) maleimides on phthalazinium-2-dicyanomethanide(Butler et al., 1996) is correlated as dependent variable with the electron densities of the carbons involved in the addition reaction, the frontier orbital energy levels, and the steric energies of the transition states and products as independent variables. Results of the analysis revealed that all mentioned factors affect the rate of the reaction, but to different extents. The steric energy of the transition state and the electron density are the most influencing factors; the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the steric energy of the products come next. The energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital has the least influence on the reaction

The research was concerned with a development of spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of dapsone. The method was based on the reaction of diazotized dapsone with phloroglucinol as azo coupling reagent in basic medium, to form an intense yellow coloured, water-soluble and stable azo-dye which showed a maximum absorption at 435 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 10-250 μg/25ml, i.e.,0.4-10 ppm with molar absorptivity of 4.79 × 104 L.mol-1. cm-1 and Sandell’s sensitivity index of 0.005 μg.cm-2, a relative error of + 0.12 to -0.34% and a relative standard deviation of ± 3.96 to ± 0.85% ; depending on the concentration level. The method does not require temperature control or solvent extraction and has been applied successfully to the determination of dapsone in pharmaceutical preparation (Tablet).

UV Derivative spectra were used for the direct quantitative determination of Prednisolone in absolute ethanol, the quantification was accomplished according to the integrated area under the peaks. The zero-order spectrum of Prednisolone show an absorption band at  = 242nm, with molar extinction coefficient max = 13770 lit. mol-1. cm-1, the determination range was (0.36-50.46) g/ml with R2 =0.9998 and relative standard deviation RSD =1.28 %.
The determination ranges were (0.10- 72.09) g/ml, (0.36-72.09) g/ml for first and second-order derivatives respectively with R2 = 0.9999, 0.9998 and RSD = 1.53%, 2.55% respectively.
This indicate a more sensitive and accurate results as compared with the zero-order method. These methods were applied for the direct determination of the PRISOLONE tablets.

Ninivite is a silica rich rock, which has a very high surface area, that may exceed (800g/m2). Low grad ninivite is characterized by high absorption, adsorption ability and may act as an ion exchange to remove heavy metals. Efforts of applications under study are in the field of waste water treatment. Washing operation of ninivite with distilled water to reduce impurities; such as gypsum; and increasing silica ratio rendered it to be inefficient to removing mercury from its effluents. In the mean time the adsorptive materials such as alum and iron sulfate, are also washed out. It was found that the unwashed, raw, low grade, ninivite was outweighing washed one, using different concentrations of mercury(0-200mg/L) and at different pH values (1.6, 7.4, 9.5, and 10.6). Optimum removal efficiency of mercury concentrations of 75mg/L and 175 mg/L were at a pH of 9.5 and7.5 respectively

Amidoxime (2) was prepared from the reaction of carbonitrile (1) with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride. Compound (2) treated with either acid chloride or anhydride at room temperature to obtain O-aroyl and O-acetyl amidoxime (3a-c). However, on heating compound (2), oxadiazole derivatives (4a-c) were obtained, respectively. 1,2,4-Oxadiazole-5-one (5) was obtained from the reaction of amidoxime with phosgene. Amidine (7) also prepared from imidiate reaction with ammonium chloride.
A number of heterocyclic compounds (8-10) were also prepared by the reaction of imidate (6) with either amino derivatives or azide. Imidate (6) was prepared from the reaction of carbonitrile with ethanol in the presence of hydrogen hydrochloride gas

The measurement of dose distribution for any radiotherapeatic device is essential for good treatment planning. Therefore, dose distribution were measured for the field size [F.S = (10x10)cm²], then we use mathematical equation according to Fermi-Dirac distribution law after modified it, in this equation two parameter (k) and (n) are directly related to the field size (a), and the depth (d). So we can contract a theoretical curve by calculating (k), (n) and putting them in to this equation.

The study included the isolation and identification of Staph. aureus from different cutaneous infections in the emergency unit, and out patients of dermatology clinic both within the Mosul Medical City. (247) samples were collected, (155) of them were of
Staph. aureus at a ratio of (62.7%). The highest rate Staphylococcal infection ( 76.1%) was isolated from impetigo while the lowest rate ( 37.5%) was isolated from infected wounds. The inhibitory effect alcoholic and aqueous, petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, and acetone of Lowsonia Inermis leaves against the isolates of Staph. aureus. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) determined for these extracts.
The results indicated that the acetone extract showed the best effect on bacteria and the MIC was (0.5 mg/cm3) and the MBC equal to (1.0mg/ cm3) against the tested bacteria. The MIC and MBC differs according to the type extract and the region of isolation .
The Acetone extract was chosen to test its effect in vivo , this extract showed good results in treating the experimental wounds which were artificially infected with Staph. aureus using the Albino rabbit as experimental model for maximum period of twenty days

The study included isolation and identification of the causative micro-organisms of cervicitis, vaginitis.
A total of (202) samples (wet vaginal swabs, high cervical dried swabs) were collected from women aged between (16-<45) years suffering from vaginitis or Bacterial Vaginosis and having clinical symptoms and were diagnosed by the consultants of the general hospital in Mosul during the period September 2003 - May 2004.
The percentage of the presence of pus, red blood, epithelial, clue cells, Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis were determined and was considered as the primary indicator for cervicitis and vaginitis.
The results also showed that Bacterial Vaginitis and Yeast Vaginitis were predominates of the population examined especially for the age group (16-40) years old suffering from abdominal pain and increased vaginal discharges.
The results showed that Candida albicans was dominant then Escherichia coli, Staph. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoinae, G. vaginalis, Strept. spp., Oligella spp. Isolated for the first time in Iraq.
Mobiluncus spp., Streptococcus faecalis, Staph. epiderimdies, Staph. saprophyticus, Proteus mirabilis, Actinomyces, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacteriod fragils, Sarcina lutea, Enterobacter, Alcalgenous spp. and Neisseria gonorrhoea.
Antibiotic sensitivity of isolated microorganism were tested and the results indicated that Ciprofloxacin as the most effective while Ampicillin had no effect

The present study was conducted, to estimate the cadmium and zinc metals in soil of different regions of Ninavah province (Al-Rashedia, Al-Shreghan, Al-Kuba, Al-Gofran) and the effect of accumulation and the consequence of its accumulation on plant physiology and growth on different plants structure in spinach plant.
The result showed a significant increase in cadmium and zinc concentration in soil and plant structure planted in al- Rashedia in comparison to other regions. That caused a significant decrease in plant growth measured indicated by a significant decline in plant shoot and root hight. The dry weight of shoot and root, chlorophyll a,b. relative water content, protein, carbohydrate in leaf tissue and nutrition elements K, Mg, Ca. Results also showed a significant increase in prolein of leaf tissues and Na, Cl in plant in comparison to other studied regions.

The present work aimed to investigate two cytological aspects of the antifungal Griseofulvin (GRF) in the ascomycetous fungus Aspergillus amstelodami. The first was its ability to induce nuclear fusion and produce heterozygous diploids in the heterokaryotic mycelia, the second was its ability to induce haploidization of such diploids. To that end four sublethal or subinhibitory concentrations 500, 1000, 1250, 1500 g/ml were tested. Within the experimental conditions specified in the present work none of these two endpoints was fulfilled.

Isolation of species belong to endospore forming Thermoactinomyces were cared out from 27 soil samples and compared with thermoresistant bacilli belong to two genera Bacillus and Paenibacillus.
The number of Thermophilic Actinomycetes in primary isolation was (1-4)
colony /gm/102 but that of Bacilli was (3-137) colony /gm/102.
Morphological, biochemical, physiological characters and sensitivity to antibiotics were studied for (35) isolates, and classified numerically by using simple matching coefficient (Ssm) and average linkage method.
Two main clusters A and B were cared out from the herarichichal tree in
which cluster A included 3 sub clusters, A1 included 3 strains of the species Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, the sub clusterA2 included one strain of the species Thermoactinomyces intermedius, and A3 included 9 strains of the species Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, were the sub cluster B1 included 15 strain of the species Bacillus mycoides, and the sub cluster B2 included 7 strains of the species Paenibacillus spp.
This indicated the close relationship between the different species which belong to same group.

Six parents (Pandas, Gemeny, Saberbey, 69-S3, 35-S6, and Kvz/Cgn) and their F2 hybrids obtained by the selfing of F1 ,S from half diallel wheat crosses were used to estimate general combining ability for their F2 hybrids, gene effect through variance components and graphical analysis for maturity time, plant height, grain yield ,number of spikes / plant, spike length, 100-grain weight and number of grains spike. Seeds of parental varieties and their f2 generations from diallel crosses were grown at the plant experimental station, College of Education, Mosul University, during the growing season (2003-2004) according to the Randomized complete Block design with four replications, under rainfall conditions. The results showed highly significant variances for both general and specific combining abilities for all studied characters, this indicates the presence of additive and non-additive gene effects for these characters. Narrow sense heritability values ranged from 0.15 for number of grains / spike to 0.73 for 100-grain weight. The average degree of dominance and the graphic analysis revealed the partial dominance for 100-grain weight and over dominance for the remaining characters.

The presence of surface layer was detected in each of Legionella pneumphila (gram negative) and Listeria monocytogenes (gram positive) by extraction of S-layer proteins then separated by using sodium dodecyle sulphate poly acrylamide gel electrophorasis (SDS-PAGE). Five proteins bands appeared for both types of bacteria.
The freezing effect on the S-layer protein of L. monocytogenes was studied by exposure to low temperature at -20C for three months. Six protein bands were detected,, as well as their differences in approximate molecular weights for the freezing isolate in comparison with non-frozen isolate

The effect of different amino acids as nitrogen sources in a basal synthetic medium on the production of pullulan by Aureobasidium pullulans ATCC 42023 was investigated. The results showed that glycine was the best nitrogen source among anthor amino acids tested in stimulating pullulan production . Maximum production of pullulan (21.16) g/L was obtained when basal synthetic supplements with 0.05% glycin as a nitrogen source

The study was included isolation of cold proteinous and non-proteinous extracts of Zingiber officinals roots. The study also comprised the isolation and studying the proteinous compounds, using gel filtration technique which produced two compounds A (M.wt 108542 D) and B (M.wt 3247 D).
The proteinous and non-proteinous compounds were administrated interaperitio-neally. After one week from the treatment, the results were indicated that the proteinous precipitate and (B) proteinous compound at the doses (150,75) body weight which were caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in serum glucose (glu), total cholesterol (TC), total lipid, LDL-C levels , with an associated significant increase (P<0.05) in serum HDL-C level, Glutathion (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity in liver, kidney and heart tissues, in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits.
Finally, It was suggested the proteinous compound B has antidiabetic and antioxidative stress effect in normal and diabetic rabbibts

The effect of absorption coefficient on the optical storage system MR/BDK
have been studied, optical storage system was prepared from example of methyl red (MR) in different degrees of acidity and mixed with benzyl dimethyl ketal (BDK) as aphotoinitiator in acertain rates of size, the optical properties measured by using a variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry instrument. And the relation between the optical characterestics of the system and the absorption coefficient studied as well it has become clear that the increase of basic concentrations of the system, this leads to decrease of the used wave lenglength, and this in turn leads to increase of storage ability of the data, from this we obtain the result that the disks which prepared by basic concentras lions are better than that prepared from acid concentrations, and add this information to the library of programming of spectrum device.
Keywords: optical storage system, absorptiom coefficient, benzyl dimethyl ketal (BDK), variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry

Two layeres coatings were prepared one of them is from different metal oxides (TiO2, Fe2O3, ZnO, MgO, CuO, CdO, Ni2O3, MnO2) and the other is from ferrite powder (MnFe2O4) for each sample. Absorption measurements for electromagnetic (EM) waves in the frequency range (8-12.5)GHz were achieved by the standing wave ratio SWR instrument. In addition a study of the effect in exchanging the oxide layer with the ferrite powder layer when they are radiated by (EM) waves. It was noticed that the oxide layer (MnO2) and the oxide layer (Ni2O3) were the best among other prepared samples as they posses nearly equal absorption values with the ferrite layer when they are subjected to the (EM) waves directly and in exchange with the ferrite layer. The (MnO2) oxide with the ferrite showed an absorption value of (87%) at the frequency range (10.2-11.4)GHz, while the (Ni2O3) oxide with the ferrite showed an absorption value of (80.5%) at the frequency range (10.8-12.4)GHz in comparison with other prepared samples

In this research the optical properties of PMMA/BDK/MR system have been studied. This system was prepared from the Azo-dye of methyl red (MR) in different degrees of acidity and doped with poly methyl methacylate (PMMA). Benzyl dimethyl ketal (BDK) was used as photoinitiartor at certain rates of size, and studying its optical characterstics by using the variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. The results show that increasing of basic concentrations of the system the ground energy increases compered with the increasing of acidic concentrations system this leads to decreased of the wave lengths than, and this in turn leads to increase of the storage ability than the data. From this we can conclude that the disks which prepared by basic concentrations are better those prepared at acidic than concentrations.
Keywords: Methyl red (MR), poly methyl methacylate (PMMA), storage ability, variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry

ABSTRACT
Daily out put from four evapotranspiration models (Hargreaves and samani, modified Blaney–Criddle, Kharrufa and Pan) have been tested against reference evapotranspiration data computed by FAO–56 Penman– Monteith model to asses the accuracy of each model in four locations in Ninava Governorate. In Mosul station Pan model was the most accurate model with mean absolute error (MAE) of (7.2%). In Rabiha Hargreaves and Samani model performed best with (MAE) of (7.5%). In Talafar modified Blaney–Criddle performed best with (MAE) of (4.2%). Finally in Albaagh Hargreaves and Samani performed best with (MAE) of (9.4%). Correlations were also found between the results of these four models and the results of the Panman Montieth model.
Also correlations were found between daily out put from Penman– Monteith model and different climatic parameters (Evaporation, Wind speed, Air Temperature, Relative Humidity, Net Radiation and Relative Radiation).

Studies of III-V semi-conducting compounds doped with Ni shows the need to introduce a theoretical model for GaP:Ni system.
A theoretical model using orthorhombic strain have been constructed with represent a promising approach to evaluate the energy levels for this system and interpret the experimental data of Zeeman studies of GaP:Ni2+ which have ground term 3F split with in tetrahedral crystal field into excited state 3T2 and ground state 3T1.

Frequency response curves in the microwave band (8-12.4)GHz of absorbing materials (RAM) involving (Ferrite–Iron) with Epoxy and Hardener mixtures are studied. The aim is to provide experimental data of the effect of the mixing ratio on both the frequency at which the maximum absorption takes place and the band width, the standing wave equipment SWR is used in this work, it is found that both maximum absorption frequency [f(max)] and band width tend to increase with increasing ferrite ratio and decrease iron ratio in the mixture