Rafidain journal of science

The effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on intrauterine growth restriction induced by maternal ethanol consumption were studied. A single intraperitoneal dose of ethanol (2.96 g/kg body weight) injected in the 10th day of pregnancy (PD10), significantly reduced maternal weight gain, fetal weight, amniotic fluid volume and umbilical cord length. Meanwhile, ethanol did not affect placental weight or litter size. A single intraperioneal dose of ASA (200 mg/g body weight). Injected on the PD10, did not modify maternal body weight gain, litter size, fetal and placental weight and amniotic fluid volume, but significantly diminished umbilical cord length. Intraperitoneal injections of ASA (200 mg/g body weight) and ethanol (2.96 g/kg length weight) on PD10. demonstrated that ASA antagonized in part at least, the effects of ethanol on maternal weight gain, fetal weight and amniotic fluid volume. Contrarily, ASA potentiated the effect of ethanol on umbilical cord length

The potential antimutagenic action of extracts of three common edible plants in Mosul was tested in conidia of the ascomycetous fungus Aspergillus amstelodami. Extracts of leaves of celery(Apium graveolens Linn) and parsley (Petroselinum sativum Hoffn.) and the round roots of radish (Raphanus sativus Linn.) were made in water, methanol, ethylacetate or petroleum ether. The antimutagenic action was sought in the reduction of frequency of spontaneous and induced (by 8-Methoxypsoralen + Near UV, 8-MOP + NUV) mutants resistant to 8-azaguanine. Three final concentrations in the growth medium of each extract were tested. These were (μg/ml) 800, 1600 and 3200 for celery and parsley and 600, 800 and 1200 for radish. The water extract of celery was ineffective while its concentration 3200 in methanol in ethylacetate and all three concentrations in the petroleum ether were effective in reducing the frequency of induced resistant mutants. Extracts of parsley behaved similarly. Extracts of the radish roots were all ineffective at all concentrations tested except the concentration 1200 of the water extract. The effect of the radish water is attributed to peroxidases and oxidases while those of celery and parsley to some lipid-soluble components which were sequentially concentrated in the petroleum ether according to the extraction protocol used.
Furthermore, none of the extracts by itself or in combinations with 8-MOP alone or NUV alone was found effective in significantly altering the frequency of the spontaneous mutants. This was taken to indicate that the extracts by themselves did not act as mutagenis or synergistic mutagens or photosensitizers to NUV. Moreover, their action on the positive mutagen (8-MOP + NUV) and not on the spontaneous frequencies suggests that these extracts behaved as desmutagens acting on the mutagen rather than as bioantimutagens acting directly on DNA.

Two types of aromatic polyesters were prepared by polycondensation of terephthaloyl dichloride with 2,7-dihydroxy naphthalene (polymer 1) and bis(4,4′-di-α-naphthoyl) methane (polymer 2). The electrical conductivity of polymer 2 is larger than that of polymer 1. The reason is the polymers chain mobility. The effect of doping by ferric chloride and temperature on electrical conductivity was studied. It was noticed that the doping process increased the conductivity of polymer 1 more than polymer 2. The temperature well increases the electrical conductivity of purred polymer in a manner that the activation energy of polymer 2 is larger than that of polymer 1

A simple and rapid spectrophotometric method for the trace determination of trace amount of thymol in various samples has been established. The method is based on the coupling reaction of thymol with diazotized p-nitroaniline in basic medium to form an intense pinkish-red, water-soluble and stable mono azo dye which shows maximum absorption at 513nm. A plot of absorbance with thymol concentration gives a straight line indicating that Beer’s law has been obeyed over the range 1-300 g/25ml, i.e., 0.04-12 ppm with a molar absorptivity of 2.48104 l mol-1 cm-1, and Sandell sensitivity index of 0.006 g/cm2. The method does not resort to neither temperature control nor to solvent extraction. The effect of organic solvents on the spectrophotometric properties of the azo dye, the composition and stability constant and interference due to foreign compounds have been worked out. The method has been applied to the determination of thymol in pharmaceutical, oil and waters

Selenium metal react with (RNHC(S)S)2 where R= (Ph or o-tolyl) in refluxing toluene to give the compounds Se{RNHC(S)S}4. New complexes of the type [M2Se{RNHC(S)S}4Cl4], where M=Ni+2 or Cu+2, were prepared by reaction of Se{RNHC(S)S}4 with the metal chloride salts in 1:2 molar ratio.The compounds and complexes were characterized by atomic absorption, Infrared, U.V-Visible spectra, conductivity and magnetic measurements.Biological activity studies of the compounds and complexes as antimicrobial agents and the comparison of their activities with well known antibiotic (Ampicillinc, Gentamycine and Nystatine) using different straine of bacteria gram (+ve) and gram (-ve) in addition to fungi strain candida albicans.
The results indicated that complexes of the type [M2Se{S2CNHPh}4Cl4] are more active than [M2Se{S2CNHPhCH3-o}4 Cl4] while the selenium compounds Se(S2CNHPh)4 and Se(S2CNHPhC2H5)4 have moderate antimicrobial activity

The study was conducted in Mosul city to show the effects of alcoholism on antioxidants and some biochemical parameters which include: Vitamin E, Vitamin A, β-carotene, Vitamin C, Folic acid, Ceruloplasmin (Cp), Total protein, Albumin, Calcium, Total bilirubin, Direct bilirubin, Uric acid, Creatinine, Total iron binding capacity (TIBC), Iron, Glutathione(GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Cholesterol, Glucose, Selenium and Transferrin saturation (%). The study included (103) persons represented in two groups, the first group as a control included outside city center living, the second group represented for alcoholism was divided into two sub groups, smokers and non smokers.
The results showed a significant decreased in: calcium, transferrin saturation (%), but non decreased significant in: vitamin A, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, creatinine, iron, MDA and glucose. While a significant increased in TIBC and selenium, but non significant increased in: vitamin E, β-carotene, vitamin C, folic acid, Cp., total protein, albumin, uric acid, GSH and cholesterol.
The results also showed a significant decrease of alcoholism smokers in: vitamin A (P=0.004), vitamin C, transferrin saturation (%) and folic acid, and non significant in: total iron binding capacity, iron, vitamin E, β-carotene, total protein, albumin and creatinine. While non significant increase in: Cp., calcium, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, uric acid, malondialdehyde, glutathion, cholesterol, glucose and selenium was detected.

All high power radio frequency (RF) sources have their own dispersion diagram, giving the relation between the output frequency of the device and the axial wave number component of the operating waveguide wave mode. This diagram gives the most important characteristics about the source and in this work it was used as a tool for the device design enhancement. From this diagram one can change the input design parameters in order to get the best dispersion diagram fitting with standard one. In this work, the dispersion diagram for the 460 GHz second harmonic gyrotron oscillator studied previously by Hornstein (2001) was plotted and the main characteristics of these kinds of gyrotrons were observed from the diagram which replies the precision of the design.

The two Formations Ga’ara and the lower clastic unit of Hussainiyat were deposited in fluvial system of deposition with slightly different behaviors like the thickness of fining upward cycles in different times, in addition to, some stratigraphic, structural, paleogeographic and geochemical evidences.
The present work aimed to compare between these formations from sedimentological and geochemical points of view. It has been found that both formations were derived from the same source of the western and southwestern Arabian shield.

For academic and practical purposes, this map project had the following components:
1-Compiling a geomorphic map as the basis for establishing a database and publishing a full-view map at a scale of 1: 250,000 using visual image interpretation
2-Classification and mapping of basic landform units, landform types that are relatively uniform in genesis and relief forms.
The study area consists of three main genetic groups of landforms based on units of tectonic, fluvial and denudation landform types, subdivided into 14 subunits. Each landform assemblage reflects a different balance between the various endogenic and exogenic processes of landscape evolutions in northern Iraq since late Miocene.
These data were utilized to draw a regional geomorphologic map for the Nineveh Governorate, showing the relationship between landform units and various geomorphic processes. The contents of this map were produced following the scheme devised by the ITC textbook. This map was finalized in 2006 at the Remote Sensing Center, in Mosul University

The present research included numerical taxonomy for the genus Crataegus L. which is growing in Iraq and represented by the following five taxa namely: (Crataeques azarolus var. aronia, C.azarolus var. pontica, C. azarolus var. sharania , C. monogyna and C. meyeri) by using morphological, pollen grains and Chromosomal number features.
The results showed that the similarity range among the species was 30-68% and the highest Similarity was 68% found between the C. azarolus var. aronia and C. azarolus var. sharania.
In dendrogram the taxa meet at (51%) level of similarity, indicating awide range of Variation among the taxa of this genus.

The result of this study shows a new type of eye malformations, when the pregnant mice were injected intraperitoneally in the 7th day of gestation, with a single dose of 15,000 IU of VA. We suggest to call this malformation as the external eye with adhesive and hard components. The external eye appeared in all living embryos and the histological studies showed five different forms of it. A description of other external malformations were discussed in details

The dissection of (312) of A. marmid shows that (112) fishes were infected with digeneans parasite Pseudochetosoma salmincola, (43) infected with larva of tapeworm Liagula intestinalis (single infection) and (30) with double infection.
The result of statistical analysis show that the single infection with digeneans trematode and larva of cestode have significant effect on biochemical changes in the liver of A. marmid. A significant decrease has been found in the total concentrations of protein, glycogen, cholesterol and also in the activity of GPT and GOT, while there was an increase in the activity of AlP and AcP. However, the double infection have greater effect on the biochemical changes than single infection.

In the present work, the effect of different periods of exposure to passive smoking on arterioles of rabbit lung were investigated. Results showed changes in internal diameter and wall thickness of arterioles when exposed to passive smoking at different periods. Decreasing in internal diameter and increasing in thickness of arterioles have been also demonstrated histologically and statisticaly.

A colorimetric method was developed for determination cytidine deaminase activity in serum and erythrocyte haemolysate. This method based on estimation the amount of ammonia produced from conversion of cytidine into uridine. The optimum conditions of the enzyme using this method were obtained.
The result showed that maximum activity of cytidine deaminase by the method above in serum and erythrocyte haemolysate was obtained using (100 mM) and (200 mM) of buffer solution sodium phosphate for serum and erythrocyte respectively at pH (7.5) and (2mM) cytidine as a substrate and (75µL) serum and (50 µL) erythrocyte haemolysate as a source of enzyme for (45 min) and (30 min) serum and erythrocytes haemoly sate at (35 ºC).
Moreover, the results of the study also predicted that presence of some amino acids such as histidine, glutamic in the reaction solution activate the enzyme activity, while some metal salts such as MgCl2, CoCl2, KCl and CuCl2 inhibited the activity.

This clinical study was designed to evaluate the effect of Atenolol at a dose of (100 mg / day) on the level of serum lipids namely total choleterol (T-cho), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein – cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein – cholesterol (LDL-C), very ow density lipoprotein – cholesterol (VLDL-C) as well as the ratios of LDL-C/HDL-C and T-cho/HDL-C. (152) patients were diagnosed as having hypertension, (112) of them were treated with Atenolol (tenormin) (100mg/day), the remaining (40) patients have been hypertensives who have not been treated for hypertension and for the sake of comparison, samples have been taken from (40) normal individuals (the control group) of both sexes.
It was found that Atenolol increased the ratio of LDL-C/HDL-C, T-cho/HDL-C, TG, VLDL-C, LDL-C and T-cho while it decreased the level of HDL-C in blood serum of both sexes as compared with the non treated hypertensives. The results also demonstrated that hypertension caused an increase in the LDL-C/HDL-C and T-cho/HDL-C ratios, LDL-C, TG, VLDL-C and T-cho while it caused slight decrease in HDL-C in blood serum of both sexes as compared with control group.
Nevertheless, it was found that the increase in the ratio of T-cho/HDL-C and the levels of TG, VLDL-C and T-cho in blood serum of hypertensive females was slightly greater than that in their counter part males

The aim of This research is to find a simple method for measurement the materials density by using X-ray radiation film and Geiger counter as detector for x-ray and gamma –ray radiation because it has a good specification. The different between our results due to actual results for the density of some materials depend on the absorption of impure the materials for radiation and also the error ratio measurements.