JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES

The research aims to develop a scale measuring the factors influencing the absenteeism of students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences from lectures, as well as to identify the reasons behind this phenomenon. The researchers adopted the descriptive approach using the survey method. The research population consisted of third- and fourth-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Diyala, for the academic year 2024/2025. The research sample included (110) male and female students who were randomly selected from a total population of (455) students.
Among the main findings, it was revealed that low motivation and personal drive among students represent one of the primary reasons for their absence from lectures. Financial costs related to transportation and academic supplies were also identified as direct factors influencing absenteeism. The academic environment and infrastructure—including the quality of lecture halls and the availability of sports equipment—play a vital role in encouraging students to attend. Furthermore, weak positive interaction between faculty members and students leads to reduced attendance and participation.
The study recommends improving the college’s infrastructure, including classrooms and sports facilities, to ensure an engaging educational experience; organizing training programs for faculty members to enhance their interaction with students; strengthening psychological and counseling support services to help students overcome challenges affecting their attendance; and launching educational awareness campaigns to raise students’ understanding of the importance of regular lecture attendance and its impact on their academic and professional success.

The study aims to identify the effect of the note-taking strategy for active learning on cognitive achievement in the Teaching Methods course among students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researcher seeks to determine the effectiveness of this strategy in improving students’ levels of understanding and comprehension compared to the traditional teaching method. The experimental approach was adopted due to its suitability to the nature of the study, which aims to determine the impact of an independent variable (the note-taking strategy for active learning) on a dependent variable (cognitive achievement). A two-group design (experimental and control) was used, where the experimental group was taught according to the note-taking strategy for active learning, while the control group was taught using the traditional method. The research population was purposively selected from third-year students in the College of Basic Education – Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Diyala, totaling 58 students. The research sample was randomly selected (by lottery), consisting of 25 students for each group (experimental and control), while 8 students were assigned for the pilot study to verify the validity of the tools and suitability of the experimental procedure. The findings revealed that adopting the note-taking strategy in the university learning environment raises the level of cognitive achievement and develops organized thinking among students, as it makes the learner an active participant in the learning process and helps connect new information with prior knowledge in an organized and purposeful way. The researcher recommends adopting the note-taking strategy as one of the teaching methods in the Teaching Methods course and other theoretical courses in Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences,

due to its significant role in developing students’ understanding, analytical abilities, and knowledge organization in a scientific manner.

The research aims to reveal the role of life skills in enhancing academic resilience among postgraduate students in the Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. To achieve this goal, the researchers used the descriptive (correlational) method, as it is the most appropriate for addressing the research problem. The research population consisted of postgraduate students in the Colleges of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Universities of Diyala and Baghdad, totaling (135) male and female students, who were intentionally selected. The research sample included (100) students, representing (74%) of the research population.

The researchers used two scales Life Skills and Academic Resilienceto collect the research data. The Life Skills scale consisted of (6) dimensions and (38) items, while the Academic Resilience scale included (5) dimensions and (41) items.
Based on the statistical results of the study sample, the researchers concluded that life skills among postgraduate students in the studied colleges have a clear and positive impact on academic resilience. Students who possess higher levels of life skills are more capable of facing academic challenges and pressures.
The study recommends organizing programs and training courses aimed at enhancing life skills, as this would contribute to increasing students’ academic resilience and improving their academic performance

The research aimed to develop a specialized scale for life effectiveness skills and to identify their level among first-year female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Women. It also sought to design a psychological counseling program based on life effectiveness skills for the same group of students, and to determine the impact of this program on enhancing their life effectiveness skills. The researchers hypothesized that there would be statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-test results of the experimental group in the measurement of life effectiveness skills. The experimental method was adopted, using a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The study sample consisted of 14 students, purposefully selected after administering the scale, representing 21.538% of the total population of 65 first-year students enrolled in the morning studies program at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Women / University of Baghdad for the

academic year 2024–2025. Additionally, six students were selected for the pilot study, while 45 students were used for the scale construction sample. The main measurement tool was developed to suit the specific objectives of the present research, following a series of systematic steps. Subsequently, a psychological counseling program was designed based on the phenomenon under investigation, both to diagnose and to measure it as a dependent variable. The research experiment began with the pre-test on Sunday, March 30, 2025, followed by the implementation of the counseling program from April 6 to April 23, 2025, conducted on Sundays and Wednesdays each week, totaling six counseling sessions over three weeks. The post-test was administered on Sunday, April 27, 2025. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software. The results indicated that the Life Effectiveness Skills Scale is appropriate for first-year female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Women and is valid for measuring the phenomenon in question, meeting the scientific criteria and psychometric standards required in sports psychology. Furthermore, the findings showed that the psychological counseling program based on life effectiveness skills had a positive impact on developing these skills among the students. The study recommends that future counseling programs should be designed based on the actual psychological needs of students and that continuous psychological support should be provided to female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences to enhance their life effectiveness skills, given their important role in time management, social competence, achievement motivation, mental flexibility, task leadership, and active initiative, which help students achieve their personal aspirations and future ambitions.

he impact of motor response speed on the performance of floor skills in gymnastics is critically important for understanding how athletic performance can be enhanced through targeted training. This study specifically focuses on third-year female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Science at Al-Mustansiriyah University, evaluating the effect of specific training programs on enhancing their motor skills. Using a descriptive methodology and a carefully selected sample of students, the study collects data through tests such as the Nelson Motor Response Test and floor skills including handstands, headstands, and forward rolls. The results indicate variability in performance among participants, reflecting the need for improved balance and motor control training. The conclusions highlight the importance of enhancing dynamic balance and strengthening core and upper body muscles, which aids in overall performance improvement for the students. The study recommends designing customized training programs that focus on improving movement coordination and timing for floor skills, and incorporating interactive training that relies on visual and auditory stimuli to boost motor response speed. Through statistical data analyses using the SPSS system, the research also provides detailed recommendations for assessing progress and adjusting training programs based on the individual needs of each student.

This study aims to analyze the role of digital transformation and artificial intelligence in enhancing sports performance by improving physical efficiency and performance management within sports institutions. The research emerged from the observed limited utilization of digital technologies in the Iraqi sports environment compared with global practices that rely on data-driven and intelligent analytics for managerial and technical decision-making. The study examined the impact of smart platforms, sports information systems, digital performance analytics, and smart monitoring applications in building an integrated model that enhances sports management quality and training efficiency.
A descriptive–analytical approach was employed, supported by comparative analysis and case study methods, alongside a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of (120) coaches and administrators from selected Iraqi sports clubs. The findings revealed that digital transformation and artificial intelligence serve as a strategic framework for improving sports performance by enhancing both physical and managerial efficiency, while technological infrastructure limitations and low digital awareness remain significant obstacles.
The study recommends adopting a national vision for digital transformation in sports that emphasizes staff training, system development, and the integration of digital analytics into managerial and training processes to achieve balanced synergy between technology and human performance in sports management.

1. Identify the level of interactive thinking among students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Baghdad.
2. Identify the relationship between interactive thinking and some offensive basketball skills among students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Mustansiriya University.
The researcher used the descriptive method because it was suitable for the nature of the research problem. The research population was defined as female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/Al-Mustansiriya University for the academic year (2025-2026), whose number was (170) students, representing (100). The number of students in the main study was (30) students, representing (17.64%), and the sample for the pilot study was (9) students who were randomly selected from the research population.
After presenting and discussing the results, a set of conclusions were reached, including:
1- There is a significant correlation between the interactive thinking scale and the skill of chest passing, taming, and shooting from the side for students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences.
3. Students benefit from positive individual and group interaction through learning the results, engaging in interactive thinking with each other and with the instructor, and finding solutions to improve their skill performance.


3. Students with higher analytical and rapid decision-making abilities are better able to execute skills such as chest passing, dribbling, and shooting from the side.
The researcher recommends the following:
1- Emphasizing the continuous use of the interactive thinking scale to find appropriate solutions and to assess students' thinking, innovation, and exploration abilities in order to improve their performance.
2- The necessity for instructors to emphasize boosting students' self-confidence through feedback on their answers.
3- Conducting a similar study with students in various sports activities.

Administrative corruption has repercussions and an impact on all aspects, and among the most important and dangerous of these is its impact on human rights, their quality, and the ability to obtain them. Living in a corruption-free society guarantees a person their basic rights, such as the right to equality, justice, and parity, among others. Its presence undermines and threatens all rights. If it is in education, it will threaten the right to education; if it is in elections, it will threaten the right to vote, and so on. In addition, it leads to the loss of money and efforts, and thus it will affect progress, development, and prosperity. Therefore, combating corruption on legal and ethical grounds is a necessity to protect human rights, promote the rule of law, and achieve transparent and honest public administration

And that the association of sports science with psychology does not stop to a certain extent, but rather extended and overlapped with other sciences, and among these sciences is sports psychology, which is concerned with studying the psychological state of the athlete and how to motivate and encourage him to perform at the best levels. On perception and the perceptual system of judgment, and the importance of the research is reflected in the study of the relationship between attentional control and mental alertness of first-class referees in handball. The research problem lies in answering the following question: Is there a correlation between attentional control and mental alertness for first-class referees in handball, while the objectives of the research are to identify the degree of attentional control and mental alertness for handball referees, and to identify the relationship between attentional control and mental alertness for handball referees As for the research hypothesis, there is a correlation between attentional control and mental alertness for handball referees