journal of Basic Sciences

The current research aims to identify the level of superior bragging among kindergarten students, and to compare this type of bragging between the four educational levels, in addition to making a comparison between students who enjoy financial stability and those who do not. The researcher constructed a special scale for superior bragging based on the theoretical framework and previous studies. The scale consisted of (21) paragraphs. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach, and the study sample amounted to (200) female students from the Kindergarten Department at the College of Basic Education at Al-Mustansiriya University / Baghdad,Using appropriate statistical methods, the study results showed that the research sample had a low level of arrogant boasting, and no statistically significant differences in arrogant boasting were found based on the variables of educational level or financial stability

The current study aims to identify kindergarten children's use of digital technology. To achieve this goal, the researchers adopted a descriptive approach. The research population consisted of children from public and private kindergartens, with the research sample totaling (150) boys and girls. The researchers used statistical methods and reached the following conclusions: Kindergarten children enjoy a high level of digital technology. There are no differences between male and female children in digital technology, nor are there differences between public and private kindergartens regarding digital technology. Based on the previous findings, the researchers reached the following recommendations and proposals: The use of digital technology for children should shift from random entertainment to purposeful education, while taking into account the balance between digital and real-life activities (free play, social interaction, physical movement). A proposal: Study the impact of digital technology on the social and emotional development of kindergarten children.

The research aimed to identify the level of cognitive perception difficulties among kindergarten children, and to know the significance of the differences in the level of cognitive perception difficulties according to the chronological age variable. The researchers relied on the descriptive correlational approach. The study community consisted of (1164) children, both male and female, diagnosed with cognitive perception during the academic year (2024-2025). The sample consisted of (300) children, both male and female, with (191) males and (109) females, i.e. (25%) of the research community, distributed over 26 centers in the districts of Wasit Governorate (Alkut - Al-Aziziyah - Al-Zubaidiyah - Al-Suwaira). To achieve the research objectives, the researchers prepared the cognitive perception difficulties test in its final form of (4) tests prepared for this purpose in visual experiments presented in front of him. Each experiment or test that the child responds to is given (10) points, and the total of the four tests is (40) points, represented by the total score that the child obtains on the cognitive perception test to achieve the research objectives.. It was verified The instrument's validity was verified through face validity and factor analysis, and reliability using test-retest. The results showed the following:
• Children suffer from cognitive difficulties, but to a lesser degree than the expected average, which may reflect the effectiveness of the rehabilitation programs provided.
• There were no statistically significant differences in cognitive difficulties between age groups, indicating that these difficulties are related to stable personality factors that are not affected by age.

This study aimed to identify pre-number concepts among kindergarten children. The research sample consisted of،( boys and girls from(80 government kindergartens in the first Karkh Directorate for the academic year 2024، 2025. After reviewing previous theories and studies and to achieve( the research objectives، a pre-number concepts test was constructed، which consisted of 28 paragraphs distributed over four areas (classification، arrangement، symmetry، equivalence) It was set for the purpose of binary gradation in the answer (true، false) and these two alternatives are given weights (1 for the correct alternative) and (zero for the false alternative). To calculate the stability، the test was applied to the stability sample، the size of which was (40) boys and girls، then the researcher used the Kuder Richardson method (kr-20) where the stability coefficient calculated according to this method reached (0.775)ti is an acceptable stability coefficient، and the researcher concluded that there are differences between the average scores of the sample on each concept and the hypothetical average of the scale، and this difference is in favor of the average scores of the sample، which means that kindergarten children are distinguished by their possession of Pre-number concepts: There are differences between the average scores of males and the average scores of females on each concept and the total score. This difference is in favor of the average scores of males، with the exception of the concept of equivalence، where there were no differences between the average scores of males and females.

The research aims to measure the perceptions of digital drugs for kindergarten children from the point of view of parents and to know the significance of the differences in digital drugs according to the variable (fathers / mothers) and to measure the application of the questionnaire of perceptions of digital drugs for kindergarten children from the point of view of their parents according to the fields, and in order to verify this, the researcher built a questionnaire for digital drugs, so that it would be in its final form of (25) paragraphs after completing the conditions of validity, reliability, discriminatory power and internal consistency. The study concluded that the sample members enjoyed a high level of perceptions of the digital drugs scale, and there were statistically significant differences in perceptions of digital drugs in favor of mothers. The study showed that the fields of the digital drugs perceptions scale were all significant except for the third field, problems related to the parents themselves, which was not significant.

This research employed a descriptive methodology, incorporating a questionnaire to identify the key challenges facing dialectical approaches in light of rapid global developments, technological advancements, and contemporary needs. It also examined successful educational experiences in several advanced states. The study included two handers’ teachers, and results revealed that most rely on personal experience rather than the educational policies adopted by the government. There are more than 30 educational theories, the most recent being the digital generation theory, which serves primarily as a tool for understanding. However, educational programming focuses on comprehension and retention. The most effectively applied theory was Bruner’s spiral theory. One of the main challenges facing the educational process is the persistence of rigid teaching models that fail to adapt to present-day requirements or respond to crises and emergencies such as global pandemics and political instability. Accordingly, the study recommends the adoption of cognitive and perceptual theories and calls for leveraging the educational experiences of Singapore, Australia, and Finland to address dialectical approaches and pedagogical challenges in primary schools.

The present study investigates the role of children’s literature in fostering linguistic development among kindergarten children, as perceived by kindergarten teachers. It particularly focuses on the contribution of stories and songs to the enhancement of language acquisition and expressive abilities. Adopting the descriptive method, the research sample included 76 kindergarten teachers from Wasit Governorate during the second semester of the 2024–2025 academic year. Findings indicated a significant improvement in the linguistic abilities of children in the final stage of kindergarten, while teachers consistently emphasized that children’s literature is an effective tool for enriching vocabulary and broadening cognitive awareness. Based on these findings, the study recommends the systematic integration of stories, songs, and plays into educational curricula to maximize their developmental benefits for children’s language skills.

The study purposes to activate the principles of child rights, development of awareness of pre-school child to the importance of promoting and protecting the rights, through an activity program.
The sample: A group of (60) male and female children composed the sample of the study of (5.5–6.5) years age. The group was divided into two sub groups: an experimental one and control one.
Method and procedure:
1. The administration of Raven matrices test to assess intelligence
2. The administration of the scale children\'s rights
3. Carrying out the program among the experimental group.
4. The administration of the scale children\'s rights a post administration to the experimental group.
Results and conclusions:
1. A significant evidence differences between the mean scores of the experimental group on the scale children\'s right (pre-post) administration for post administration.
2. No significant evidence differences between male and female mean scores on the scale of children\'s right.
A significant evidence differences between the mean scores of the two sub groups of post administration for the experimental group.

The aim of the research was to identify the measurement of the concept of mental habits for kindergarten children for the academic year (2024-2025), as well as to identify the differences according to the gender variable (males/females).
The research sample amounted to (60) boys and girls from kindergarten children in the Aziziyah Education Directorate, Wasit Governorate.
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher relied on the (Abu Latifa 2019) scale, which consisted of (24) items in its final form with three alternatives (always, sometimes, rarely) to verify the apparent validity. The scale was presented to a group of experts specialized in the field of educational and psychological sciences and teaching methods. Reliability was extracted using the retest method, reaching (0.81). The researcher used statistical methods (t-test for one sample, t-test for two independent samples, and Pearson's correlation coefficient) for statistical data processing.
The results showed that kindergarten children enjoyed a good level of mental habits, while no difference was found in the gender variable (males/ (females)
In light of the research findings, the researcher presented a number of recommendations and suggestions, including:
- Incorporating the concept of habits of mind into some kindergarten curricula.
- Constructing correlational or advisory studies based on the principles of habits of mind through participation in kindergarten children's social activities.

The research aims to identify the deep thinking methods of kindergarten teachers in light of the scientific transformations of artificial intelligence. To achieve the research goal, the researchers developed several scientific questions and questionnaires for kindergarten teachers about deep thinking methods after defining the term deep thinking for kindergarten teachers, which (adopts constructivist educational theories, Piaget’s sensory theory, and social learning theory) (in achieving high-order learning patterns in the child’s higher thinking (solving scientific educational problems – decision-making – asking questions – interpretation – prediction – imposing hypotheses to solve learning problems) in the Mosul city community, the left side of the two kindergarten schools (Al-Amal for Childhood – and Ajyal Al-Mustaqbal School) affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Nineveh for the academic year 2025-2026 for a sample consisting of (40) kindergarten teachers by directing scientific educational applied questions about the concepts of teaching children in kindergarten, high-order thinking methods (deep thinking) through previous studies and educational and teaching literature that adopted Beckert’s deep thinking 1997 in His educational and teaching study on the deep understanding of the child’s life and his future outlook in light of the future technical, biological, evolutionary and developmental transformations and the emergence of developments in artificial intelligence and its educational and teaching applications through a tool prepared by the two researchers consisting of The researchers used five alternatives in answering. After the teacher reads the paragraph, the student is asked to answer it, according to what he sees and evaluates. If his answer to the scale paragraph is (always), he is given (5) points, while if his answer to the scale paragraph is (often), he is given (4), and if his answer to the scale paragraph is (sometimes), he is given (3), and if his answer to the scale paragraph is (rarely), he is given (2) points, but if his answer to the scale paragraph is (never), he is given (1) point. The highest possible score that the respondent can obtain in the scale (deep thinking methods) is (120) and the lowest score is (24) points after the application For the research tool and calculating the statistical aspect through the statistical package SPS, the research results showed the presence of a clear scientific and technical educational development in teaching children deep thinking, and the researchers put forward some recommendations and proposals through adopting modern curricula to teach children methods of deep thinking, understanding and deep comprehension.

1. The level of self-compassion among kindergarten teachers toward children who have lost their mother or father.
2. The level of self-compassion among kindergarten teachers according to the variable of whether the children have lost their mother or father.
3. The researcher reached the following results:
4. The researcher reached the following conclusions:
5. The researcher concluded that kindergarten teachers possess a high degree of self-compassion.
6. The job of a kindergarten teacher is an important and sensitive one, as she communicates directly with the children and empathizes with them.
7. The researcher also concluded that self-compassion toward children who have lost their mothers is greater than self-compassion for children who have lost their fathers.

The current research aims to identify (digital introversion and its relationship to real-life communication among kindergarten children).
1- The level of digital introversion among kindergarten children.
2- The level of real-life communication among kindergarten children.
3- The correlation between digital introversion and real-life communication in kindergarten children.
The researcher reached a set of conclusions:
1. The researcher concluded that children exhibit clear digital introversion as a result of spending long hours on smart electronic devices.
2- Kindergarten children have no real contact with the world around them and are isolated from society and peers.
3- There is a correlation between digital introversion and real-world contact, i.e., an inverse relationship.

It is well known that a person، whether male or female، and whatever their language، acquires the linguistic vocabulary they use with others، and the semantic stages that occur to it through the place they are confined to، according to the environment they live in. This can only be achieved by tracing the meanings of words and their societal concepts، and these concepts are what provide him with the formulas of the structures with which he deals with his surroundings، and what his daily life demands، and they are what help him to communicate continuously with his people، and enable him to express his ideas correctly linguistically، and they also help him to strengthen the connection between his present and his heritage، and to develop his experiences.
Since the human mind has invented the linguistic dictionary to protect and preserve the language، linguistic dictionaries have come، each according to its specialization، to direct its attention and primary interest in the educational aspect to the basic category، which is the category of learners from the emerging pupils and students according to their educational stages. It is well known that the cultural، scientific، and technological developments that our lives are witnessing have resulted in words that have become terms used by individuals in daily dealings in various areas of life، and which were not previously used in linguistic dictionaries. Accordingly، we will shed light on these new educational terms within the environment of a group of private schools in the city of ALssaouira.

The current research aims to identify (the authoritarian style and its relationship to rumination among mothers of kindergarten children). To achieve the research objectives, the following hypotheses were formulated:
1- There were no statistically significant differences on the authoritarian style scale among mothers of kindergarten children.
2- There were no statistically significant differences on the rumination scale among mothers of kindergarten children.
3- The correlation between authoritarian style and rumination among mothers of kindergarten children.
The researcher used appropriate statistical methods for the research (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, hypothetical mean, correlation coefficient, and Pearson). The research also reached the following conclusions:
1- Mothers of kindergarten children practice an authoritarian approach to dealing with their children. This is a result of the daily social pressures they experience.
2- Mothers ruminate as a result of the customs and traditions of Iraqi families and the social circumstances they live in.
3- There is a correlation between mothers' authoritarian approach and rumination.

The current research aimed to identify sensory processing sensitivity among kindergarten teachers and the differences in sensory processing sensitivity among kindergarten teachers according to some variables, such as specialization, marital status, and length of service. The researcher prepared a sensory processing sensitivity scale after reviewing previous theories and studies. The scale consisted of (23) items. The researcher used the descriptive approach, and the research sample consisted of (170) teachers in the first, second, and third Rusafa directorates. Using appropriate statistical methods, the researcher concluded that kindergarten teachers have a high level of sensory processing sensitivity

The aim of the research was to identify the level of practice of kindergarten teachers of sensory thinking skills in light of their educational experience. The research sample consisted of (152) kindergarten teachers who were chosen intentionally and affiliated with the Aziziyah Education Directorate/Wasit. The research included a tool for sensory pictorial thinking skills, which consisted of seven pictorial skills with (52) educational pictures. The results of the research showed that the level of kindergarten teachers’ practice of sensory-pictorial thinking skills was at an average level with an arithmetic mean of (3.11) and a standard deviation of (0.90). The results also showed that the calculated (T) value was less than the tabular (T) value in all areas of the sensory-pictorial thinking skills tool, except for two areas (discrimination skill, comparison skill), meaning that there are no statistically significant differences in these areas attributed to the variable of teaching experience (short, long), and that the calculated (T) value was greater than the tabular (T) value in the areas (summarization skill, comparison skill), meaning that there are statistically significant differences in these two areas attributed to the variable of teaching experience in favor of those with short teaching experience. In light of the research results, the researcher recommended some recommendations and suggestions.

This research aims to identify the effects of modern technology use on the behavior of kindergarten children from the mothers' perspective. To achieve this, the researchers employed a descriptive methodology. The research sample consisted of working mothers with children aged 100 4 -6 years enrolled in government kindergartens. A questionnaire was developed to measure the positive and negative effects of technology use on children's behavior. The final version of the questionnaire comprised . items30
The research findings revealed that kindergarten children's use of modern devices has several negative effects on physical, psychological, health, social, and religious aspects, in addition to several positive effects on social and educational aspects.
Key Research Recommendations ;
-Families should be aware of the negative and positive effects of these technologies in order to cultivate the positive benefits and minimize the negative effects within the family and society. Parents should balance their children's leisure time with the use of modern technology and physical activity.
Research Suggestions;
Conduct research on the impact of advanced technology on social behaviors.
Conduct several studies related to families to educate their children about the dangers of modern technology and its social, moral, and religious harms.
Conduct studies on the role of media in mitigating the negative aspects of modern communication technologies .

The current research aims to measure defensive pessimism among kindergarten students. The descriptive analytical approach was used، as it is appropriate for the subject of the study. To achieve the research objectives، the researcher constructed a defensive pessimism scale، which in its final form consists of (30) items. ، and five areas، and the scale may be one of the following alternatives (does not apply to me at all، applies to me a little، applies to me rarely، applies to me to some extent، applies to me to a large degree، applies to me completely)، and the apparent and structural validity of the scale was achieved، and reliability was extracted using the Cronbach’s alpha method، and the reliability coefficient was reached according to the Cronbach’s alpha method، and the research tool was applied to a sample of (150) A sample of female kindergarten students (four grades) for both morning and evening classes for the 2025-2026 academic year were randomly selected. The study concluded that the sample of female students exhibited a high level of defensive pessimism. In light of the study results، the researcher developed a number of recommendations and proposals

This research aimed to identify common problems among children exposed to stressful traumatic events through their drawings, to understand the psychological and social behavioral problems, and to assess the impact of these events and their negative repercussions on the children. It also explored how these issues are identified through their drawings and free expression. Given the importance of this age group, where children are more affected by stress than adults because they are still developing and unable to cope with it and the threatening external world, it is crucial to study the effects of life on artistic expression. Therefore, this research sought to highlight the means of expressing stress (drawing) and to clarify methods of addressing it. The research concluded with a set of findings and recommendations

The current research aims to identify active receptive learning among female students of the Iraqi University, Kindergarten Department. The research sample consisted of (75) female students from the College of Education for Girls, Kindergarten Department, Iraqi University, for the academic year (2025-2026). To achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher adopted the active scale (Ojana, 2022), consisting of (15) paragraphs, each paragraph has (5) answer alternatives, which are (always, often, sometimes, rarely, never). The respondent chooses the appropriate alternative from them. It was given (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) respectively when correcting. The researcher applied it to her research sample individually for the period (2024/19/2) using the t-test for a single sample.

The present study aims to identify the level of university adjustment among a sample of kindergarten department students, and to examine the significance of differences in university adjustment according to the variable of academic grade level. The study is limited to female students of the Kindergarten Department, College of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, for the academic year )2024–2025(. The researcher selected a sample of (100) students using the stratified random sampling method with proportional distribution, allocating 25 students for each grade level.
The researcher adopted the University Adjustment Scale developed by Baker & Siryk (1984) and later adapted into Arabic by )Ali Abdul-Salam(. This scale consists of (36) items distributed across the following dimensions: (1) Academic Adjustment, (2) Social Adjustment, (3) Personal-Emotional Adjustment, and (4) Goal Commitment. The response format includes five alternatives: (Never applies, Applies to a small extent, Applies moderately, Applies to a great extent), scored on a scale of (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
To assess reliability, the scale was applied to the main research sample (100 students), and Cronbach’s Alpha was calculated, yielding a reliability coefficient of (0.91). To establish validity, both face validity and construct validity were employed. The findings indicated that the sample of the study demonstrated a good level of university adjustment, and that there were no statistically significant differences in university adjustment according to grade level.

This research addresses the image of the child in Abbasid poetry from a literary perspective, based on the hypothesis that the Abbasid poet was not isolated from the social and emotional reality surrounding children. The research traces the emotional presence of the child in poetic texts, based on the hypothesis that the poet was not isolated from the social reality and the surroundings of its members. Therefore, the researcher was keen to interrogate Abbasid poetic texts. Which embodied feelings of fatherhood, feelings of loss, or longing for childhood as a symbol of purity and clarity. The poet treated the child as a being of emotional value, and this was evident in the poetic imagery and expression of emotional situations in artistic ways that varied between elegy, nostalgia, description, advice, and even social criticism.

This research aims to identify methods for teaching the geography of the Earth to kindergarten children, specifically focusing on educational units about the Earth's rotation and movement in the universe. This is achieved by examining the curriculum used in Iraqi kindergartens. After analyzing the curriculum content, the researcher posed several questions regarding methods for teaching kindergarten children the four cardinal directions of the Earth, the geographical paths of the universe, and the nature of planetary orbits. These questions were posed by children to their teachers about God's creation of the universe, the paths of the sun, moon, Earth, and other planets, the occurrence of day and night, the course of rivers and lakes, and the nature of the Earth's layers and atmosphere. The researcher began by collecting ten questions during field visits to kindergartens in Kut, the capital of Wasit Governorate, specifically at the Model Child Village and Future Child Schools, under the Wasit Directorate of Education. These ten questions and hypotheses were then used to create a mock test with questions and answers. The child's questions, stemming from their confusion in seeking answers to these scientific questions, were addressed in a sample of (50) children from two kindergartens. A tool was used to measure the methods of teaching children Earth's geography by asking kindergarten teachers about the nature of their teaching and learning methods for studying the universe and the Earth. The teachers' responses included questions about these methods, which were: (educational pictures, documentaries, dialogue, discussion, illustrated questions, illustrated stories, illustrated lectures, illustrated puzzles, demonstrations, and illustrated and electronic maps). The study concluded that children's study of the universe and Earth's geography is primarily conducted through dialogue, discussion, illustrated questions, illustrated stories, and illustrated and electronic maps. The researcher offered some recommendations and suggestions. Methods of Teaching Earth's Geography to Kindergarten Children: An Analytical Field Study in Light of the Iraqi Kindergarten Curriculum. This research aims to identify methods of teaching Earth's geography to kindergarten children by studying the Iraqi curriculum units related to the Earth's rotation and movement in the universe, and analyzing This study investigated the teaching methods used in kindergartens in Al-Kut, Wasit Governorate. Researchers used exploratory questions from the children (10 questions) and transformed them into test questions for the teachers. The study was conducted on a sample of 50 children from the "Model Child Village" and "Child's Future" schools. A list of teaching methods was presented (pictures, films, dialogue, stories, presentations, electronic maps, etc.). The results indicated that dialogue and discussion, illustrated questions, illustrated stories, and maps (both physical and electronic) were the most effective methods for teaching geography to children. A set of recommendations is offered to improve teaching practices in this area(Methods of teaching the geography, a kindergarten child).

The study aims to explore the role of art as an educational and pedagogical tool for integrating children with special needs into basic education, by highlighting the capacity of artistic activities to enhance communication skills, develop cognitive and motor abilities, and build self-confidence. The findings indicate that practices such as drawing, theater, music, and handicrafts open opportunities for better interaction between children with special needs and their peers, fostering a classroom environment based on acceptance and cooperation. The study also emphasizes the importance of implementing art programs in schools as part of the comprehensive inclusion process, while providing teachers with the necessary support to design artistic activities tailored to each child’s needs. It concludes that employing art in basic education is not merely a recreational activity, but a strategic tool for integrating this group in a humane and practical way. This requires educational institutions to adopt integrative art programs and train teachers on methods of using the arts in ways that meet the needs of every child.
In light of the research findings, the researcher conclud the following:
1.The study showed that integrating artistic activities within school classrooms enhances the opportunities for children with special needs to interact with their typically developing peers and reduces signs of isolation and withdrawal. .
2.Participation of children in shared artistic activities contributed to improving their ability to cooperate, take turns, and respect group rules, which positively reflected on their social integration. .
The researcher proposed the following: :
1.Studying the impact of activities such as drawing or theater on enhancing interaction between children with special needs and their peers. .
2.Investigating the relationship between practicing the arts (such as music or handicrafts) and the development of fine motor skills and visual perception in children.

The present research aims to identify naturalistic intelligence and its relationship to biological concepts in kindergarten children at the preschool stage. The research sample consisted of (100) boys and girls from public kindergartens under the Al-Aziziyah Directorate of Education for the academic year 2024-2025, selected through random sampling. The research adopted the correlational descriptive method for its suitability to the nature of the objectives.
To achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted the items for the scales: the Naturalistic Intelligence Scale consisted of (30) items encompassing three dimensions (Cognitive Dimension, Affective Dimension, Behavioral Dimension), while the Biological Concepts Scale consisted of (14) items. The psychometric properties of both instruments were verified to ensure they were ready for application.
After conducting statistical processing using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), the results showed the following:

- The mean scores of children on the naturalistic intelligence scale were higher than the hypothetical mean, with statistically significant differences.
- Their level of biological concepts exceeded the expected level for their age.
- There is a strong, positive, and statistically significant correlation between naturalistic intelligence and biological concepts, indicating that the development of one variable contributes to the enhancement of the other.
The research recommends the necessity of integrating educational activities related to the environment and nature into kindergarten curricula, and simplifying scientific concepts using sensory tools and practical experiments. Additionally, it recommends training teachers on active learning strategies that consider the child's direct experiences. The research also suggests conducting subsequent studies on broader samples and comparing naturalistic intelligence with other types of multiple intelligences.

The study aimed to identify the role of artificial intelligence in developing scientific concepts for preschool children from the perspective of kindergarten teachers. The researcher used the descriptive approach due to its suitability for the research objectives and questions. The research population consisted of (124) female teachers from public and private kindergartens affiliated with the General Directorate of Education in Wasit – Al-Aziziya Education Department. The research sample was selected randomly and consisted of (36) female teachers from both public and private kindergartens. The researcher prepared a questionnaire to measure the role of artificial intelligence in developing scientific concepts, consisting of (33) items distributed across four components. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the instrument. The results indicated high levels in the role of artificial intelligence in developing scientific concepts, its utilization, and its advantages in science learning. Furthermore, the study revealed real and tangible obstacles facing the application of artificial intelligence in kindergartens, including material and technical barriers (lack of devices and high costs), followed by human barriers (lack of training and technical support). The study recommended the necessity of focusing on the professional and technological preparation of kindergarten teachers to provide them with training skills in imparting scientific concepts and preparing a generation that can cope with the requirements and changes of the era.

The current research aims to identify (creating creative innovations in the field of creativity with mothers of children in sports regarding their children's participation in educational management):
1- There are no statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) on the economic disengagement scale for mothers of kindergarten children.-
2- There are no statistically significant differences at a significance level of (0.05) on the economic disengagement scale for mothers of kindergarten children according to marital status (divorced - married).
The results of the current study:
1- The results showed a high level of cognitive closure among mothers of kindergarten children.
2- Divorced mothers exhibit greater cognitive closure than married mothers.
3- The social circumstances surrounding the family contribute to cognitive closure among mothers..
4- The impact of old customs and traditions on mothers' levels of cognitive isolation.
5- Social circumstances influence mothers' closed-mindedness.

The current research aims to identify the level of emotional discipline and time awareness, as well as the correlation between the two variables among kindergarten children. In order to achieve the objectives of the current research, the researcher prepared two scales: emotional discipline and time awareness. The final version of the scale comprised (26) items, while the time awareness scale comprised (20) items. Its psychometric properties were verified, and the scale was applied to a sample of (200) boys and girls from the Baghdad Education Directorate, Second Rusafa, selected using a simple random sampling method for the academic year (2024-2025)
In light of the current research objectives, the following results were reached:
Children do not have emotional regulation -
Kindergarten children do not possess temporal awareness-
-There is a positive correlation between emotional regulation and temporal awareness.

The research aimed to identify violent behavior among kindergarten children، as well as statistically significant gender differences in violent behavior. To achieve both goals، a tool was developed to identify violent behavior. The scale consisted of (20) items. The validity and reliability of the scale were verified. The tool was applied to a sample of (200) teachers، and the results were: The presence of violent behavior among kindergarten children، and there are no differences in violent behavior between males and females. In light of the results، recommendations and proposals were made.

The research aims to identify the psychological and social adjustment among kindergarten children by identifying the psychological and social adjustment among kindergarten children. The research included - the limits of the research a sample of kindergarten children - the masters of tomorrow for the Aziziyah Education Directorate, Wasit Governorate, for the academic year 2024-2025. The researcher relied on the research tool of the social and psychological adjustment scale for the study tool of Al-Aqla and Dandri 2022, consisting of (67) items in the dimensions of adjustment, social awareness, theory of mind, and social facilitation in four alternatives. The researcher verified the validity and stability of the psychometric properties of the scale, and the research results showed differences in the quality of social and psychological adjustment among children.:

The current research aims to measure the level of holistic awareness among kindergarten teachers. To achieve this objective, the researcher developed a Holistic Awareness Scale, which was reviewed by a group of experts and specialists in the fields of education and psychology to assess the validity of the scale items and the clarity of their wording. Based on their feedback, several items were revised in terms of phrasing and meaning, without omitting any item from the scale.
The final version of the scale consisted of 20 items, which were administered to a random sample of 40 kindergarten teachers from the Directorate of Education in Al-Aziziyah District for the 2024–2025 academic year. The data were statistically analyzed using the weighted mean, and the researcher reached several findings, including:
Most kindergarten teachers possess a developing and increasingly integrated level of holistic awareness, particularly in educational, psychological, and social aspects. The results also demonstrated that kindergarten teachers have a deeper understanding of integrating mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions into the educational process. They strive to improve teaching practices to be more inclusive and balanced, thereby supporting the child’s comprehensive development. In light of the procedures and findings of this research, the researcher arrived at several recommendations and suggestions, including:
1 Developing training programs for kindergarten teachers on integrated awareness.
2. Implementing a development program for kindergarten teachers and recognizing them for their competence and proper interaction with children.

The current research aims to reveal the emotional social competence among kindergarten teachers and whether there are statistically significant differences in the level of emotional social competence attributed to the variable (social status, years of service). The sample of the research consisted of (110) kindergarten teachers during the 2024/2025 academic year, selected using convenience sampling. To achieve the research objectives, the emotional social competence scale developed by (Zhou & Ee, 2012) was applied after verifying its validity and reliability.
The results of the research showed a high level of emotional social competence, with mean scores ranging between (3.63 - 4.18). The domain of relationship management ranked first with the highest mean score of (4.18), while the domain of self-management ranked last with a mean score of (3.63). The overall mean score for emotional social competence among kindergarten teachers was (3.93), and there were statistically significant differences (α = 0.05) attributed to years of service, with an F value of 13.187 and a statistical significance of 0.000, with differences in favor of those with 10 years or more of service. There were no statistically significant differences (α = 0.05) attributed to social status, with an F value of 0.048 and a statistical significance of 0.827.

The present study aimed to identify the level of psychological endurance among kindergarten teachers, as well as to examine the differences in psychological endurance according to years of service. The study sample consisted of 150 teachers who were randomly selected from the Al-Karkh First Directorate kindergartens in Baghdad. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher constructed a Psychological Endurance Scale, which in its final form included 25 items. Each item was distributed across the response alternatives (very strong, strong, moderate, weak, very weak), and assigned scores of (5–4–3–2–1), respectively. The psychometric properties of the scale—validity and reliability—were verified

Sometimes, many children in our societies face various difficulties in their social relationships with caregivers. This can stem from family breakdown and a loss of self-confidence, or from family conflicts and unhealthy family environments that hinder the development of trusting relationships with those around them. This study aimed to understand how and through strategies employed by participants in a group research study to assess the level of prohibited attachment disorder among children in Al-Kut, Kuwait. Researchers adopted the Prohibited Attachment Response Scale, consisting of a series of items and answer choices, and administered it to a group of 100 children. Statistical data was collected and interpreted after achieving the research objectives. The study concluded that children in Al-Kut exhibited a high level of prohibited attachment disorder.

The current study aimed to understand the (integration of people with disabilities and special needs into society), as it is considered one of the important topics that serve people with disabilities and special needs as well as society at the same time. The integration program is of particular importance, embodying in-depth research and its application in integrating people with disabilities and special needs into society, including students who have learning difficulties and the reasons that lead to these difficulties. The study also addressed the main problems faced by students who need educational and social integration, discussed the most important types of educational integration, and attitudes towards the idea of educational integration. Finally, the study presented the most significant positives and negatives of the educational integration program for people with disabilities, and the researcher concluded with recommendations and suggestions.

The research aims to identify the effectiveness of a psychological training program in achieving psychosocial adjustment among kindergarten children، and to identify the effectiveness of the training program، the researchers used the experimental method، as the research community included (288) boys and girls from the Aziziyah Education Directorate، which numbered (24) kindergartens، and each kindergarten included (12) boys and girls، while the research sample amounted to (190) boys and girls divided into the exploratory sample، construction، stability and application، and the psychological training program included (12) sessions formulated at a rate of two sessions per week، and the psychological adjustment scale in its final form consisted of (35) paragraphs، and the researcher used the SPSS package for statistical methods، and the researchers reached the validity of the psychological adjustment scale among kindergarten children and the effectiveness of the training program applied to them..

The research aims to determine the extent to which the mental skills included in the kindergarten curriculum are included according to Marzano's model. This required the researchers to adopt Marzano's mental skills classification tool, which is a list of (8) main mental skill categories and (21) sub-skills. Based on this, the questions and activities of the kindergarten curriculum for the initial and introductory stages for the 2024-2025 academic year were analyzed. The researchers used the descriptive approach (content analysis) and relied on the explicit idea alone for recording. Among the results reached by the research was that the questions and activities of the kindergarten teaching curriculum, the first stage, the first year, had the highest repetitions of mental skills, with (183) repetitions and a percentage of (36.09%), while the reasoning skill in all activities had the highest repetition, with (167) repetitions and a percentage of (32.94%) in all the questions and activities of the kindergarten teaching curriculum. The most prominent conclusions were summarized in that the questions and activities of the kindergarten teaching curriculum largely address sensory information and the mental skills related to that. In light of that, the researchers recommended the necessity of balancing the percentages of including mental skills in the kindergarten teaching curriculum. The research came out with proposals, including analyzing and evaluating the kindergarten curriculum according to Marzano’s model.

This study aimed to identify the impact of integration between nutrition and sports activities on kindergarten children. To achieve this, the descriptive survey approach was used, and questionnaires and interviews were used as tools for data collection. The research sample consisted of (148) kindergarten children in government schools affiliated with the Wasit Education Directorate. They were selected using a cluster random sampling method, and (6) interviews were conducted. Using the statistical program (SPSS) to analyze the data, the study results showed that the tool obtained an overall average of 2.96 out of 4.00. At the domain level, the axis of (nutrition concept) obtained an average of (2.89), followed by the axis, both of which received a (high) rating. While they agreed to a very high degree that children work during the children's lunch break, with an average of (2.50). The children also indicated in personal interviews that the nutrition and sports activities that children practice in the kindergarten they attend and practice are healthy, and that there is awareness among families about the type of food and sports activities provided to children. In light of the results The study presented a set of recommendations and proposals to introduce the concept of nutrition and its diversity for children as courses in qualifying and training children and their families on the quality of nutrition

The current research aims to identify psychological burnout among kindergarten teachers, and the difference in psychological burnout among kindergarten teachers according to years of service (experience). The research community consisted of kindergarten teachers in the General Directorate of Education Baghdad / Rusafa 1, numbering (380) Rusafa 2, numbering (382) in Baghdad Governorate. A sample was chosen randomly if it reached 60 teachers from the research community. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher relied on the Maslach scale for psychological burnout, which was translated into the Jordanian environment by (Muqablah and Salama, 1993). And adapted to the Iraqi environment by (Al-Khazraji, 2002). The scale was based on a sample of kindergarten teachers in Baghdad, as it addressed the same sample. The scale consisted of 22 items with four alternatives: "never," "rarely," "sometimes," and "always." The researcher selected the appropriate alternative for each item. The scale was presented to arbitrators and experts, and its validity and reliability were verified. The researcher reached the following conclusions: 1. Kindergarten teachers have moderate burnout. 2. There were no statistically significant differences in the variable of academic achievement (diploma - bachelor's degree).
In light of the research results, the researcher recommends the following: Kindergarten teachers who have experience and expertise should provide support through encouragement and providing them with ideas, educational materials, and new strategies.
The researcher suggested the following: 1. Conduct a comparative study between kindergarten teachers and primary school teachers on some variables. 2. Conduct a study on the difficulties surrounding the work of kindergarten teachers and methods for resolving them.

The current research aims to identify (the model and its relationship to multiple attitudes toward the kindergarten child). To achieve the goal of the research, the hypotheses were met: -
A- There are no statistically significant differences in the composition of the pre- and post-test for the experimental physical accumulations.
B - There are no statistically significant differences in the composition of the pre- and post-test for physical and chemical accumulations.
C- There are no statistically significant differences in the experimental test elements of the experimental model and the control model
The current research for kindergarten children affiliated with the General Directorate of Rusafa Second Electric Education (2023-2024) determines
The researcher concludes:
• There is a positive relationship between the use of the simulation learning method and the modeling proposed within the program to extinguish the tendency toward risk-taking for pre-school children.
• It is possible to benefit from learning sources such as modeling and the use of modern means (drawing screens and interactive whiteboards) in extinguishing the tendency toward risk-taking among pre-school children.
• Interest in experimental research in the field of modeling that deals with developing children’s skills, especially pre-school children. Keywords (modeling, attitude towards risk)).

The research aims to identify the evaluation of the child's personal hygiene from the point of view of kindergarten teachers representing the research community and sample of kindergarten children affiliated with the Aziziyah Education Directorate، Aziziyah District، Wasit Governorate، from a sample of (100) boys and girls. To detect the personal hygiene of kindergarten children، the researchers prepared a tool consisting of (20) paragraphs with alternatives that the kindergarten teacher observes and answers through the child's behavior inside the school (strongly present - somewhat present - present) (3-2-1). Using appropriate statistical methods، the researcher concluded that the child in kindergarten needs more care، guidance، extensive follow-up، and making every effort to spread the culture of a clean environment in the real community.

Cognitive computing is an advanced concept that represents a paradigm shift in human-technology interaction. This computer model has proven its ability to assist humans in analysis and inference, enabling them to handle large digital data in all fields. The current study aimed to identify the role of cognitive computing in analyzing the factors affecting selfish behavior in children. The study sample consisted of (100) boys and girls aged (4-6) years from Baghdad Governorate (Karkh-Rusafa), who were answered by their teachers. The researchers confirmed the existence of a problem through questions posed to kindergarten teachers via an electronic questionnaire. The research tools consisted of a set of questions distributed to the research sample. After analyzing the data using cognitive computing techniques, it was found that the use of cognitive computing techniques was successful in diagnosing the most common cases of selfish behavior in kindergarten children.
In light of the results, the researchers made a number of recommendations, including:
1- Conducting training courses on how to employ cognitive computing techniques for other behavioral topics.
2- Cooperation between public and private kindergartens and parents in dealing with and addressing children's selfish behavior.
The researchers also made a number of proposals, including:
1- Conducting a comparison between the results of cognitive computing and the results of traditional observation in detecting selfish behavior among kindergarten children.
2- Conducting a study on the use of cognitive computing techniques to improve children's social skills.

The current study aimed to identify the level of awareness of giftedness indicators among kindergarten teachers according to the variables of years of service, specialization in kindergarten, and other specializations. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher developed a scale for measuring awareness of giftedness indicators, which consisted of (19) items in its final form. The psychometric properties of the scale were verified, and it was applied to a sample of (200) teachers from the General Directorate of Education, Baghdad Al-Rusafa II, selected using a simple random sampling method during the academic year (2024–2025).
In light of the research objectives, the following results were obtained:
. Kindergarten teachers have awareness of giftedness indicators-
-There is a significant difference in favor of kindergarten teachers compared to teachers from other specializations.
-The difference was in favor of kindergarten teachers with (21–30) years of service.

This research aims to determine the level of tolerance among kindergarten children from the perspective of kindergarten teachers. The study sought to identify the significance of differences In teachers' perceptions of tolerance among kindergarten children based on years of service (less than 10 years versus more than 10 years). The research sample consisted of 150 teachers randomly selected from kindergartens affiliated with the Al-Rusafa II Educational Directorate in Baghdad Governorate. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher developed a tolerance scale consisting of 20 items in its final form. Scores were assigned to each item, distributed across the scale's sub-sub … The service, provided by individuals with over ten years of experience, offers their perspective on tolerance behavior in kindergarten children. To complement this research, the researcher presented a set of recommendations and suggestions