Political Studies and strategic

The future of the Middle East under diplomacy of new Trump\\'s administration will be at stake due to the ordeal of the repercussions of the Zionist occupation of the Gaza Strip in Palestine and the Syrian Golan Heights, in addition to the expansion of invasion into the deep of south Lebanon. Syria also witnessed same circumstances after the collapse of Bashar al-Assad\\'s rule on December 8, 2024. So that, we can conclude that an unprecedented shift has been occurred in the geopolitical map of the entire Middle East, which is heading towards an increase in the number of new fault lines within its latent power centers, not to mention the exacerbation of wars, conflicts, and humanitarian crises, which may undoubtedly continue for several decades. This is where the Turkish role comes within, aiming to weaken the Kurdish forces in northern Syria to ensure its internal security and stability alike. Then, in cooperation with some Arab actors, it works to shape a new future political scenario to favor the implementation of federalism, regions, administrative decentralization, and other proposed projects, to guarantee the rights of participation and representation of Syrian, for components and minorities; but under new and different American supervision, arriving at another scenario of supporting regional and international interventions in the internal affairs of Middle Eastern countries, taking into account the American endeavor to support the Zionist entity, to ensure its geographic security by completing the establishment of the so-called buffer zones across the Middle East during the coming period, especially after concluded the ceasefire from Lebanon to Gaza, Focusing on the growing of American role to reshape the future of the Middle East. Finally, we conclude that the American diplomacy of the new Trump administration and its tools will be present in employing both hard and smart power whenever necessary, and in achieving its foreign policy objectives in the Middle East by all means in the near future.

The importance of this research lies in exploring the reality of the revolution in science and technology. There is no doubt that science holds increasing importance in today\\'s world. Without scientific and cognitive advancement, achieving a true “renaissance” is not possible. Societies cannot progress without science, as it forms the foundation for advancement. Through its scientific methodology

The world is witnessing profound transformations driven by advancements in artificial intelligence, which have led to structural imbalances and challenges that threaten individuals and society. To address these challenges, it has become essential to adopt a national strategy for artificial intelligence. For Iraq, which faces security and economic challenges, developing such a strategy is a vital necessity.

The American interest in the African continent began in the nineties of the last century, when it relied on its allies (France and Britain) to protect its interests there, and after that period, the American crowding for French interests began, so France employed all its capabilities and political, economic and military tools in order to protect its interests. In order to expand it, and Washington emphasizes on African countries to rely on itself and disengage from its cooperation with France, especially at a time when the French began to reduce its presence in the African continent, and strengthened its presence in the continent, and this American expansion came with the French fear of its power in the continent. The continent is like intra-trade. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the dominance of the United States of America in international affairs, its competition began with yesterday’s allies, including the European countries. Here, the importance of the African continent to the United States of America emerged, since it aims to control it ، and this led to the creation of competition between it and France in various fields

Summary: Energy plays a vital role in economic and social life and is an indicator of a country\\'s growth. Its availability and diversification are an important and necessary condition for sustainable growth. Consequently, countries around the world are currently experiencing a phase of energy struggle. The energy issue is currently one of the most important issues raised in international relations, whether political or economic. Experts in all fields expect that energy will be the issue that dominates future international and political debates. This research seeks to address the problematic issue represented by the main research question: What are the strategic dimensions of Iraqi energy security and what are its contemporary challenges that have rendered its energy security weak and fragile? The research also seeks to prove the hypothesis that Iraqi energy security is now governed by numerous variables that have varying impacts, hence its multiple strategic dimensions and multiple contemporary challenges.

The study sheds light on intellectual property as a human right for creative development, allowing innovators and those working in various jobs and businesses to do so. The study included reference to WIPO and its role in supporting and protecting human rights by protecting innovations and businesses worldwide.

This study focuses on the Ukrainian crisis, its main causes and repercussions on Russian-American relations, and the extent of their impact, whether positively or negatively, on the nature of these relations during a specific period spanning from 2014 to 2025. It also examines the future of these relations based on current data. Relations began to deteriorate following Russia\'s occupation of Crimea in 2014

The research discusses the issue of the water problem between the countries of Iraq and Turkey as one of the topics that greatly influenced the relations between them, and this influence stems from the importance of the water factor as a basic factor for life in its various forms, and the matter began to increase in its negative impact as the amount of water that Iraq possessed decreased and as the Turkish use of water increased. As a political pressure card that can be used to treat Iraq as an equal in other files.

Each regional power in the region has a competitive strategy that seeks to eliminate any regional power with nuclear, economic, military, or cultural capabilities that competes with it and struggles to establish a foothold in the African continent. These powers\\' competition over the African continent leads to security instability on the continent in general. Through its strategies, each country seeks to achieve political, economic

This study deals with the Russian policy in the Arab region in President Vladimir Putin era . the predominance of focus on the dimensions of military hard power, specifically in Russia\\'s interventions and roles in the Arab region, but the analysis showed the use of Russian policy in parallel with soft power tools in its pursuit of its goals. The study presented the features and reasons for changing the Russian policy towards the issues and problems of the Arab region, by analyzing and explaining the objectives of the new Russian policy in the region; and soft power tools that Russia has adopted to reach its goals; As well as evaluating the effectiveness of each of these tools and indicating the shortcomings and defects in them. the vision and ideas of Russian President Vladimir Putin, in addition to the pressures of the international and regional environments.

The international system in the twenty-first century has witnessed rapid changes in the nature of new challenges and threats that threaten international peace and security, especially in the post-Corona pandemic phase, which represented a turning point in the course of international interactions and contributed to deepening the severity of cross-border challenges, as these challenges have become fundamentally different from those of the twentieth century, both in terms of their nature and the means used in managing them and in the degree of their impact and the diversity of their impact, As a result, the global governance system has been confronted with difficult and non-traditional challenges of a global nature. These challenges have clearly demonstrated the limited effectiveness of existing global governance frameworks and highlighted the need to strengthen and create alternative coordination mechanisms and make them more effective and inclusive, contributing to addressing cross-border issues.

This study aims to explore the role of formal and informal political institutions in promoting political stability, with a particular focus on political parties and civil society organizations. These institutions are the cornerstone of any democratic system, contributing to ensuring political representation, oversight of government performance, and effective citizen participation in decision-making. By analyzing the role of political parties in organizing the electoral process and ensuring a peaceful transfer of power, and the role of civil society organizations in promoting popular participation and government oversight, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive vision of how to enhance political stability in countries facing challenges in this area. The study hypothesizes that strengthening cooperation between political institutions contributes to achieving political stability, while weak cooperation contributes to the deterioration of the political situation. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, using previous literature, interviews, and surveys to collect and analyze data. It aims to provide practical recommendations for improving the role of political institutions in achieving political stability, especially in light of the crises and challenges facing some Arab countries.

National identity is a fundamental factor in building the state and establishing the foundations of social and political stability. The circumstances that the Iraqi state went through contributed to the consolidation of the national identity crisis. The Iraqi identity does not stem from being a problem of minorities and majorities, but rather it is a missing value. The Iraqi national identity was and still represents a crisis in building Iraqi society, Its causes are multiple, perhaps the most important of which are religious, sectarian and nationalist pluralism, the social legacy associated with the tribal and clan organization of Iraqi society, and the absence of political will capable of bringing together multiple identities in the crucible of national identity.

Future cybersecurity challenges in the age of artificial intelligence are diverse and reflect new complexities and threats. With the increasing reliance on AI to improve cyber defenses, the field faces significant challenges related to the technology itself. On the one hand, AI can effectively contribute to enhancing security by improving the ability to detect threats and analyze big data faster and more accurately

This research explores the concept of integrated community development and its significance as a comprehensive tool for addressing the root causes of conflict and fostering sustainable peace. It achieves this by analyzing the current situation of Iraqi communities, focusing on the challenges they face and the opportunities available for achieving development.

This study examines French foreign policy in the Middle East, focusing on two main dimensions: the balance of power and economic interests. The importance of this topic stems from the Middle East\'s strategic location and its pivotal role in security and energy, as well as the complexities of regional and international interactions. The study analyzes how France seeks to achieve a balance in its relations with various regional powers, such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Turkey, while maintaining its traditional relations with the United States and, at times, coordinating or competing with Russia. The study also identifies French economic interests in the region, particularly in the areas of energy, trade, and investment,

Sustainable development is the right of all humankind and it is a complex concept of development and sustainability that is intertwined, that is, there is no development without sustainability and the other way around, that it has many goals and highlights the goal of sustainable development. (Eradicating poverty and eradicating hunger) sOne of its most important objectives is that phenomenon is prominent in Iraqi society because of wars, recurring crises and economic blockades

Digital diplomacy has become a fundamental element of U.S. foreign policy since 2021, as the United States has adopted advanced digital strategies to enhance its global influence and impact public opinion. Washington has relied on technological advancements, such as social media, artificial intelligence, and data analysis, to modernize its diplomatic tools and make them more effective and flexible, The role of digital diplomacy in U.S. foreign policy is exemplified in its use as a tool of smart power, blending soft power (through the promotion of democratic values and media influence) with hard power (by strengthening strategic interests and addressing security challenges). It has also become a means of reinforcing American hegemony by asserting control over the digital space , However, U.S. digital diplomacy faces several challenges, including cyber warfare, media disinformation, and geopolitical competition with major powers such as China and Russia.

This research aims to analyze the role of the Algerian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in formulating foreign policy after 2003, based on the ministry\'s victorious national framework, and examine the administrative and organizational developments it has witnessed under Yemen\'s new political system, which emphasizes pluralism and democracy. This came after decades of isolation and authoritarianism, which led it to undertake the task of rebuilding the country\'s political landscape, necessary for a strategy that addresses Iraq\'s international presence and its position within the regime and its aides.

The period spanning the rise and fall of the Republic of Mahabad, along with the accompanying events—starting with Mulla Mustafa Barzani and his men and their families crossing the Iraqi border into Iran, their active and influential role in the affairs of the nascent republic,