JOURNAL OF MADENAT ALELEM COLLEGE

Scientific workflow scheduling in cloud environments is challenging due to the dynamic availability of resources and interdependence among tasks. This article presents a novel hybrid solution—namely Lévy-Heuristic Manta Ray Foraging Optimization Algorithm (LH-MRFOA)—to tackle these challenges. The suggested approach incorporates Lévy flights into the classic Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MRFO) to enhance global exploration and introduces a heuristic dependency management operator for task assignment optimization and wait time minimization. Comprehensive experimentation on benchmark standards (Inspiral, CyberShake, Montage, SIPHT, and Epigenomics) validates that LH-MRFOA consistently outperforms traditional meta-heuristics (GA, PSO) and variant MRFO enhancements in minimizing makespan and operational cost. These findings recognize LH-MRFOA's potential for large-scale, data-heavy applications requiring timely and affordable use of resources in modern cloud data centers.

Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision impairment among diabetic patients, underscoring the critical need for early and accurate detection to ensure effective management. This study introduces an automated diagnostic system that detects and analyzes DME based on artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Tested on 100 retinal fundus images, the system achieved 97% accuracy, 98% sensitivity, and 96% specificity. A comprehensive dataset including 800 real retinal images and 500 anonymized patient records was collected from Ibn Al-Haytham Eye Hospital and processed using a custom-built Python-based pipeline. The proposed system integrates advanced image processing and optical character recognition (OCR) algorithms to extract relevant diagnostic features and classify DME cases efficiently. The average processing time per image was approximately 1.2 seconds, making the system suitable for real-time clinical environments. Furthermore, all diagnostic outcomes were automatically exported to structured Excel reports to facilitate further analysis and integration with electronic health records. A user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) was also developed to allow clinicians to upload images, review classification results, and manage patient information seamlessly. This approach offers a practical and scalable solution that enhances diagnostic workflow, supports clinical decision-making, and contributes to improved patient care in ophthalmology.

This paper presents the development of an advanced gate security system using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for the detection and recognition of Iraqi vehicles and their license plates. The proposed architecture consists of an image acquisition module, a preprocessing and segmentation pipeline, a CNN-based license plate recognition model, and a gate control unit integrated with a stepper motor and Arduino controller. The system works on a dataset of Iraqi license plate images obtained from public sources, standing for various lighting conditions, angles, and font styles to ensure robustness. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves perfect accuracy, with 100% precision, recall, and F1-score across all tested digit classes. These results show the system’s capability to accurately classify license plates, even under challenging scenarios such as poor lighting or partial occlusion. The high reliability and automation potential of this approach make it highly suitable for real-world gate control applications, especially in sensitive environments such as government buildings and secure facilities. This work highlights the importance of integrating AI-based solutions into modern security infrastructures to enhance access control with minimal human intervention and improved operational efficiency.

The rise of pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDR-AB) is a growing global health concern, especially in hospital settings. This review provides an overview of current and emerging treatment strategies for managing infections caused by PDR-AB. Several antibiotic combinations such as colistin with rifampicin, fosfomycin with tigecycline or meropenem, and cefepime with Ampicillin/sulbactam, have shown promising results in laboratory and clinical studies. These combinations work by targeting different resistance mechanisms and helping restore the effectiveness of older drugs.
New and experimental approaches, including photodynamic therapy, nanocomposite systems, natural plant-based compounds (e.g., baicalein), and bacteriophage therapy, offer additional treatment options. Furthermore, novel agents like peptide nucleic acids, DHODH inhibitors, and the macrocyclic antibiotic zosurabalpin are under investigation and may play an important role in future therapies. Together, these multi-targeted strategies represent a hopeful path forward for overcoming resistance and improving outcomes for patients with life-threatening PDR-AB infections

Polyurethane is a synthetic polymer with a wide range of applications due to its unique structure and properties. This review highlights the chemistry of polyurethane and its several types. Polyurethanes are classified according to their chemical structure into polyether polyurethanes and polyester polyurethanes. Polyurethanes are also classified according to their shape into flexible polyurethanes and rigid polyurethanes. These polymers are produced by the reaction of polyisocyanates and polyols, and other additives are also added during their preparation, including catalysts, chain extenders and crosslinkers, surfactants, and blowing agents. The physical and chemical properties of polyurethanes have given them numerous industrial applications, including) coatings, adhesives, sealants, plastics, automotive, medical, textiles and apparels, marine, and wood-based polyurethane composites.

Obesity, DM-I, and DM-II are considered major health problems and life threats for some groups of people. Many studies have revealed that the prevalence of Adv36 infection in 30% or more in the obese adult population and dramatically human adenovirus-36 (Adv36) upregulates distal insulin signaling in vitro and in vivo studies. The current study aimed to explore the association of Adenovirus – 36 infections with obesity, DM-I, and DM-II in some groups of Iraqi patients, and according to our knowledge, in Iraq, there is no published study on this topic. In total, 90 serum samples of three age groups of patients were distributed as 45 samples of patients with DM-I and another 45 samples of patients with DM-II. The presence of Adv36 Abs in serum was determined by using the “Qualitative Human Adenovirus 36 Antibody (ADV36Ab) ELISA Kit”. The prevalence of Adv36 positivity was higher in DM-II as (31.1%) followed by DM-I which estimated as (21.1%) in significant differences compared with the negativity (p< 0.05). Furthermore, that positivity was paralleled with the increase of obesity prevalence as (12.2%) in obese class I patients had been with DM-II (p< 0.05). In addition, the Adv36-positive serology test was more associated with (8 – 25) of age interval and patients with obese class I (p< 0.05), even more in females compared to males with significant differences (p< 0.05). The current results showed an association of Adv-36 antibodies existence with obesity and particularly it has been associated with overweight. Furthermore, Adv-36 positivity was related to DM-II patients first then followed by DM-1 for the Iraqi patients. Finally, our results give the warning to evaluate the issues with more highly efficient laboratories and clinical techniques to confirm the real role of Adv-36 as a co-factor with obesity in obese and diabetic Iraqi patients.

The Central Bank of Iraq is one of the supervisory bodies over private banks, as it seeks to preserve the banking system through a set of tools, the most prominent of which is the creation of the position of Compliance Controller, which is part of compliance controls, and mandated banks to appoint personnel to monitor the implementation of its circulars based on its letter No. 9-3-346, dated 20-8-2019 “Sharia Compliance Report and Compliance Monitoring”, which takes it upon itself to follow up on the bank’s commitment to the instructions and decisions issued by the Central Bank and the Board of Directors, in addition to providing advice and consultation in order to correct violations, if any, to avoid being exposed to financial and administrative penalties. The study sought to demonstrate the impact of this function and the procedures it undertakes, which could affect a bank's exposure to penalties for non-compliance with requirements. An inspection form was used to verify compliance with the requirements specified by the Central Bank of Iraq. At the end of the study, the research reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which is that the compliance officer in banks, as one of the bank’s departments within its organizational structure, has specific justifications. These include contributing to avoiding legal penalties on the bank and preventing financial losses and risks to the bank’s reputation. Banks face many and diverse risks due to their business and activities. Among these risks, which have notably increased in recent years, are legal penalty risks, reputational risks, and economic loss risks. These three risks are referred to as compliance risks

Cadmium is an environmentally toxic metal, and epidemiological studies have confirmed that exposure to it originates from various environmental sources. Study investigates the effect of cadmium chloride on uterus in rats and newborn livers and kidneys. Twenty female rats, aged 6–8 weeks and weighing 200–250 g, were divided into two groups. Group A received distilled water, while Group B received oral CdCl₂ at a dose of 40 mg/kg/day via gastric gavage, five times per week. The first day after birth, the kidneys and livers of the newborns were collected, while the non-pregnant rats were sacrificed after 35 days to collect the uterus for routine histological examination. Histopathological examination of newborn kidneys revealed mild granular degeneration and a little necrosis of lining cells of renal tubules while livers showed a similar histological feature to control group. The uterus revealed marked hyperplasia of the endometrial epithelium with noticeable multiple glandular cyst formations and marked mitotic figures of the glandular lining cells, along with many tissue macrophages laden with hemosiderin. The study showed that exposure to oral CdCl₂ affected female rats; approximately 80% of the cases were non-pregnant. Meanwhile, 20% of the pregnant females showed a decrease in the number of newborns. Examination of the newborns’ kidneys showed several changes, while the livers were similar to those of the control group

Corrosion of steam boilers in fuel-fired power plants poses a significant operational and economic challenge, primarily caused by the formation of acidic gases during fuel combustion. The aim of this investigation is to examine the effect of PentoMag (supplied by Pentol Renewable Energy Projects) on fuel behavior and its role in mitigating boiler corrosion at the Wasit Power Plant, Unit 6. The experimental work extended over eight weeks, during which the pH of ash solutions, free acid levels, and concentrations of emitted gases (SOx and CO) were systematically analyzed. The results revealed that, prior to treatment, the pH values of the ash solutions were strongly acidic (1.99–2.3), which directly contributed to corrosion caused by the formation of sulfuric acid inside the boiler. After adding the treated material, pH values increased to 3.8–4.2, reflecting a shift toward a less aggressive acidic medium. Likewise, free acid concentrations dropped significantly from 5.8 - 6 to negligible values (0–0.0040). Gas analysis further confirmed the positive impact of the treatment, with carbon monoxide concentrations reduced from 17–33 ppm to 4–12 ppm, and sulfur oxides decreased from 168–189 ppm to 49–90 ppm. Overall, the application of PentoMag as a fuel additive demonstrated apparent effectiveness in mitigating fuel acidity, reducing harmful emissions, and enhancing boiler efficiency and lifespan, offering a practical solution for sustainable operation in power plants.

In recent years, electric motors have advanced to meet the demands for improved efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. These motors enhance the driving experience by boosting torque, acceleration, and overall performance. As vehicle power output rises, there is increasing focus on cost, efficiency, and driving dynamics. This paper examines the reliability of motors used in EVs and their drives. It thoroughly reviews relevant research, incorporating findings from various studies on dynamic reliability, fault tolerance, and thermal effects. The engineering strategies and comparative insights provided here offer a practical guide for future research and development in EV motor drive reliability. This article delivers a comprehensive review of the comparative reliability of PMSMs compared to other EV motor drives, highlighting their performance in dynamic conditions, design challenges, and fault-tolerant features

This study aims to examine the impact of accounting information quality—reflected in its qualitative characteristics—on improving the quality of interim financial reports and reducing information asymmetry. The research employs a descriptive analytical approach based on data collected from multiple sources and a questionnaire distributed to heads of accounts, accountants, and internal auditors in a sample of banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. The findings reveal a significant positive relationship between accounting information quality and both the quality of interim financial statements and the reduction of information asymmetry. The results confirm that accounting information quality plays a crucial role in enhancing financial reporting quality and minimizing information asymmetry