Rafidain journal of science

The aim of this research is to study the fertilizers that are widely used due to what
they can cause of an increment in natural radioactive level of soil, and due to what will
affect the increase in the environmental contamination level with radiation. The concentrations of (Rn-222) and (U-238) of seven kinds of local and imported
fertilizers are calculated.
In the present work an investigation has been performed using nuclear track
detectors (CR-39) technique with the use of test tubes (2.0-2.1 cm) in diameter. The
chemical etching is utilized by NaOH with normality (6.25 N) at (70 oC ± 1oC)
temperature and (4hrs) etching time.
The obtained results indicate that there is a remarkable increase in Radon and
Uranium concentrations especially, the Iraqi fertilizers with both kinds of compound and
compound -27, while the concentrations of Radon and Uranium for other types are
approximately the same, except that of Sulphar fertilizer which shows a lower
concentration.

In this research, fiber optics (FO) of type Plastic Clad Plastic (PSP) is used
as sensor to measure refractive index of oils, lens oil and machine oil. Hadrolic
and automobiles oils are not used because the impurities they have. Fiber optics
is used to measure the change of refractive index of lens oil and machine oil
with the temperature variations and compared the results with those measured
by Abbe Refractometer the results were in good agreement .The fiber - fiber
coupling technique is used in this project as a sensor to measure the change of
refractive index of lens oil and machine oil with the change of temperature.

Aluminum compounds are the most effective to resist the oxidation and corrosion at
high temperature, because it has a good ductility and its capability to form a protective
oxide scale Al2O3, such Alumina scale is known as thermally and electrically insulator and characterized with slow gowning rate. In this research we tried to prepare aluminide
coating on austinitic stainless steel AISI 321, using a pack-cementation technique. The
alloy surfaces were doped with a thin nickel oxide layer before aluminising using an
adhesive materials. The coating produced was subjected to a cyclic oxidation and hot
corrosion tests. The coating structure and coating behaviour after the treatment were
studied using X-rays and optical microscope. The coatings produced were posses a high
resistance to oxidation under atmospheric pressure at 900°C, but not in presence of a
molten salt Na2SO4 at 884°C.

In this work, a parallel plate capacitor with insulating polymeric thin film from pure
material of long chain Poly Metheyl Meth Acrylates (PMMA) and short chain of Poly
Carbonates (PC) and Poly Methylene (PM) as well as of alloys (PMMA + PM). In order
to get a good thickness, we used rotating technique.
The current-voltage characteristic for these capacitor of a thickness (2000 oA) had
been studied at room temperature. The breakdown voltage value were found for pure
polymer of (PMMA), (PC) and (PM) equal to (1700 V), (2800 V) and (2000 V)
respectively. But the breakdown voltage for alloys (75% PMMA + 25% PM),
(50% PMMA + 50% PM), (25% PMMA + 75% PM), (75% PC + 25% PM),
(50% PC + 50% PM), (25% PC + 75% PM) and (33.3% PMMA + 33.3% PC + 33.3%
PM) are (2000 V), (1850 V), (1750 V), (2500 V), (1950 V), (1800 V) and (1500 V)
respectively. The results have shown the behavior sequence breakdown in those
capacitor.
Finally, loading time for the thin capacitor which is consisted of (PMMA + PC),
(PC + PM) and (PMMA + PC + PM) as a function of the numbers of breakdown has been
studied, where it is found that the loading time increases with breakdown numbers
increasing, and according to the results we have closed the best fabricated capacitor from
(50% PMMA + 50% PM) alloy which we have found it to have a high loading time.

In this work, the effect of microwaves on the hydrocarbonic liquid was studied.
Small amounts of hydrocarbonic liquid were irradiated by microwave with different
applied powers (220, 360, 600) Watt. Through tests and physical calculations of the
irradiated samples of the hydrocarbonic liquid with different surface area, a major
difference was found compared with the control samples. Carbon sediments were also
noticed. The most important result is that each test revealed major differences that the
octane No.(R+m/2). change from (43.6) to (93) at (600) Watt operated power. This
indicates that molecular reform of hydrocarbonic liquid using microwave is a new and
original method to enhance the octane No. This scientific fact which is not mentioned in
any previous researches was explained throughout former researches dealing with the
effect of microwaves, keeping in mind that the expected heat effect was studied by
repetition of all the measurements under heat effect only.