Rafidain journal of science

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of split phosphorus application on
the vegetative growth of three wheat varieties. The results showed that split phosphorus
application gave higher fresh and dry weights and greater height of wheat plants as
compared to one dressing of P fertilizer. Intisar variety produced higher vegetative
growth than Tummooz-2 and Abu-Garib-3.

During September 1997 and August 1998, 1049 tonsil swabs were collected, the
study showed that the Streptococcus pyogenes responsible of tonsillitis infection,
morphological, biochemical and serological test were used for identification of this
bacteria. The results showed that the infection of tonsils begins from September and
reach it’s peak during January , February, March and April, also the percentage of
infection among females were higher during February than in male. while in March the
reverse noticed, age group of (9-10) and (15-16) for both sexes were found to have the
highest percentage of tonsillitis compared with other groups throughout the seasonal
variations, the results indicated that the infection of tonsils due to S. pyogenes in males
were more than in females, also the study showed that those who had tonsillectomy still
carried S. pyogenes in their larynges.

The aqueous crude extract of Trigonella foenum graecum was prepared and its
inhibitory effect on Trichomonas vaginalis was tested with a concentration 10mg/ml at
different time exposure (24, 48, 72 and 96) hours compared with zero time (control), the
results showed that the aqueous extract of T.f. graecum completely inhibited the growth
of T. vaginalis at 48 hours, this effect was highly significant when compared with
standard antibiotic (Metronidazole) commonly used for the treatment of T. vaginalis
infection. In order to decrease the concentration of the aqueous T.f. graecum extraction,
two extracts were mixed together at the same concentration such as: (5mg/ml of T.f.
graecum + 5mg/ml of Thymus vulgaris, 5mg/ml of T.f. graecum + 5mg/ml of Matricaria
chamomilla and 5mg/ml of T.f. graecum + 5mg/ml of Cyperus rotundus) to test the
effectiveness of the combination. It was found that the mixing of two extracts produced a
best effect.

Xanthan production by Xanthomonas Campestris ATCC 13951 was studied in a
basal medium containing various carbon and nitrogen sources. The greatent yeild of
Xanthan was achieved with sucrose and sodium nitrate as carbon and nitrogen sources
respectively. The yeild of Xanthan was abtained with lactose and sodiumnitrite.Regarding the optimum comcentrations of both sucrose and sodium nitrate, 7.5%
and .124% respectivly gave the highest production of Xanthan.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of boiled extract of oak (Quercus
aegilops) leaves on blood glucose, cholesterol levels, total count of leuko cyte, erythrocyte and
haemoglobin concentration in male rabbits. The animals were divided into 2 groups of six animals
each. The first group was treated daily for 28 days with oak leaves boiled extract (250 mg/kg B.
wt.) orally. The second group treated with distilled water served as control. The results showedthat treatment with oak leaves boiled extract caused a significant decrease in blood glucose and
cholesterol levels as compared with the control group. The results also showed a significant
increase in the total white blood cells count.

Both Merops apiaster and Corvus frugilegus were found to be infected with
Haemoproteus parasites which were considered as new hosts for this parasite.
Paricterotaenia was isolated from M. apiaster which was considered as a new host for
this cestode, while Dilepis was isolated from C. frugilegus which was also considered as
new host for this cestode.

This research deals with the possibility of assaying the activity of adenosin
deaminase (ADA) for Tuberculosis diagnosis. Results indicated that its activity increases
by Tuberculosis infection though its level in serum is lower than in pleural effusion
samples due to infection by pleural effusion Tuberculosis. The high values of ADA
activity on pleural effusion infection, makes this a specific test for Tuberculosis
infection rather than total protein test and leucocyte differentiation number which are not
specific tests for this case.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cold and boiled aqueous
extracts of Cucurbita pepo fruit on blood glucose and cholesterol levels in
chickens. Chickens of (10 days age, 90-100 gm weight) were divided into seven
groups. The first and second groups were treated with cold and boiled aqueous
extracts of whole fruit at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg Body weight
respectively. The third and fourth groups were treated with cold and boiled
aqueous extracts of mesocarp at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg Body weight
respectively. The fifth and sixth groups were treated with cold and boiled aqueous
extracts of exocarp at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg Body weight respectively,
while the seventh group was treated with distilled water (control group).
A significant reduction in blood glucose and cholesterol levels as compared with
the control group was indicated after two hours treatment. The results revealed that
treatment with cold and boiled aqueous extracts of mesocarp caused a significant
decrease in blood glucose and cholesterol levels in chickens especially the dose
(250) mg/kg Body weight.

The study was carried out during the summer of 2000, as (2×4) factorial
experiment according to randomize complete block design, with three replicates, using
two cotton varieties. The first factor consists of two varieties, Ashor and coker 310, while
the second factor consists of four levels of gamma radiation (0 , 10 , 20 and 40 Krad).Ashore cultivar was significantly superior than coker 310 in: boll weight and seeds
index, while coker 310 cultivar was significantly superior in: No. of days to first boll
opening. No significant difference between the two cultivars were appeared in: no. of
vegetative and fruiting branches, no. of nodes following first fruiting branches, no. of
days to first flower opening, no. of bolls/plant, no. of seeds/boll, seed cotton yield/plant
and ginning out-turn.
Different doses of gamma ray showed significant difference in: no. of fruit
branches/plant, the nodes following first flower and boll opening, bolls weight, no. of
seeds/boll, seed index, and seed cotton yield/plant. The two factors showed some
significant interactions in some traits.

Specimens of the isolated bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae from various pathogenic
cases in human (urine, pus, stool, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid) were studied. These
specimence were classified into five groups of isolates according to their resistance to the
antibiotics (ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenico, streptomycine, cephalexine). Some
of the characters are studied for the plasmid DNA in these isolates, of these, the self
transmissible ability of the plasmid DNA molecules though conjugation.The plasmid
DNA of the isolates (1, 2, 4) have the ability to transfer the antibiotic resistant genes to
the laboratory strain of E. coli (JM83). Then the amplification of the plasmid DNA were
studied in these isolates. Only the isolates (3, 5) have revealed high yield of purified
plasmid DNA in the presence of chloramphenicol (100μg/ml).

Many married women in Nenavah Governorate suffer from abortion, which is
mostly due to Toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by a parasite Toxoplasma gondii,
especially in pregnant women, therefore, the present study aimed to isolate this
parasite from (50) placental tissue of aborted women attending Al-Kansa Hospital in
Mosul. The results show the presence of parasite in (42) samples after intraperitoneal
inoculation in the laboratory mice. The results also show the presence of the tissue
cysts in the brain tissue of the (84) inoculated mice within (3-4) weeks of inoculation
as a confirmatory method in the diagnosis of this infection.

This investigation was done to study the possibility of enterotoxin production by
local isolates of the bacterium Morganella morganii .Specimen were obtained from
infantile diarrhoeal patients of ages 2 years or less in Mosul City .418 stool specimen
were collected, 4.54% of which were Morganella morganii (about 19 isolates).Suckling
mice assay was depended in detecting heat stable enterotoxin producing strains. It was
shown that 42.1% of the strains were producers. On the other hand Delayed rabbit skin
permeability assay, Rabbit ligated ileum and the enlargments of mouse thymus were done
to study heat labile enterotoxin. Results revealed that 36.84% of isolates were producers.
Finally, to determine the nature of effect of enterotoxins on intestinal cells a comparison
was made on histological section and control animals. No variations were noticed
between untreated and negative animals. However, great differences were noted between
intestinal tissue of positive suckling mice and others .A destroyed villi layer was noted
with the appearance of red corpuscles. Therefore, we conclude that the enterotoxin is
cytotoxic to the intestine.

Susceptibility to the following antibiotics [Ampicillin (10μg), Erythromycin (15μg),
Amoxycillin (10μg), Rifadin (30μg), Tetrayclin (30μg), Penicillin (10μg) and
Metronidazle (5μg) ] of 50 clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori from despotic patient
was determined by Kirby and Bauer method which modified by Vandepitte.
Helicobacter pylori isolates showed the highest sensitivity to Amoxycillin. And failure of
identication of Helicobacter pylori was noted in patient who had been treated with
Amoxycllin, Metronidazole, Cimetidine and Antacid in 92.9%. This study also revealed
that the patient who had not received proper antibiotics, the gastritis resulting from
Helicobacter pylori can lead to a more serious conditions like gastric, duodenal and
esophageal ulceration's in a rate of 100%.

279 samples of aspirate from respiratory tract infected neonates has been collected
by Fluid Sucker including 100 samples from full term neonates, 109 samples from
premature births and 70 samples from healthy neonates (control).
The samples were cultured in Methylene Blue - Glucose Diphasic Medium.
Isolation and identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae were confirmed by
Morphological & Biochemical test , sensitivity to antibiotics were also studied. The
results showed that Mycoplasma pneumoniae has been isolated from full term , premature
neonates by 6.1 % and 10.2 % respectively it was isolated from control samples. The out
comes of sensitivity and resistance for antibiotics showed that this bacteria was sensitive
to Gentamycin , Tetracyclin , Erythromycin and Chloramphenicol while it was resistant
to Vancomycin , Rifampicin , Ampicilin and Trimethoprim .

The results of this study revealed that the LC50 values of Dimilin 10% E.C, Match
50% E.C and Trigard75% W.P. on eggs of Ephestia cautella (Walk.) and Ephestia
calidella (Guenee) were varied according to the host kinds and insect species. Match has
a superior value of toxicity ratio and relative efficiency on eggs of E. cautella reaches
100 and 650 % respectively. The eggs of both species treated with sub- lethal
concentration of insect growth inhibitors showed an increasing in eggs incubation period
and reduction in eggs hatching percentage comprised with the control. The effect of egg
treatment expand to the larval stage and increase the larval period, reduce the pupation
percentage, elongate the pupal period, reduce the eclosion percentage of the adult and
reduce the adult stage period and the number of eggs laid by the female.

Specimence of E. coli cultures isolated from different humane sources of infections
(Urinary tract, diarrhea and otitis media) after identification, using cultural characters,
biochemical tests and serotyping. These cultures classified according to their resistance to
the antibiotics (Ampicilline, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and streptomycine sulfate) to
five groups of E. coli isolates show variations in their resistance to these antibiotics in
order to characterize the purified plasmid DNA of isolated E. coli, a group of properties
were examined and they show that most plasmid DNA in these isolates are capable to
transfer itself among E. coli isolates through conjugation process. In addition plasmid
DNA shows ability to amplify its copy number after prolonged treatment of cultures with
chloramphenicol except for one that purified from strain isolated from otitis media.

In this paper production of the polysaccharide “Xanthan” from whey milk in a twocomponent
mixed culture, was investigated Xanthomonath campestris ATCC 13951 was
used as the source of Xanthan production while Kluyveromyces lactis EMCC 9 was used
as a source of the enzymes beta-galactosidease which hydrolyses lactos the main sugar
found in whey. In comparing the results of monocultures of X. campestris in whey
medium and the mixed culture of X. campestris and K. lactis it was found that mixed
culture were superior in the production of Xanthan from the monoculture of X.
campestris particularly when K. lactis cultured (36 hours) after the culture of the
bacterium in four day incubation period.

This study aimed to test the effect of aqueous extract of five plants Cuscuta
chinensis Lam, Melia azedarach L., Nerium oleander L., Ricinus communis L. and
Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers, at three concentrations, 2.5, 5 and 10%, as wheat grains
treatment against the Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts. Results indicated that
M. azedarach and N. oleander extracts had high effect on the average progeny number
produced which was 13, 14.33 respectively, versus 43 in control while it was 36, 39.66
and 37.66 for C. chinensis, R. communis and O. aegyptiaca, respectively. The type of
plant extract and its concentration had significant effect to the generation period loss in
weight and germination of infested grains. It was also found that 80, 76.66% of larvae
exposed to treated grains with plant extract of M. azedarach and N. oleander failed to
complete their development to adult insect M. azedarach extract showed repellent effect
to larvae when used free choice test for feeding, 5.50% of which attracted to treated
wheat grains.
On the other hand the adult insects did not show Significant effect in its choice for
treated wheat grains with plant extract to egg lying.

In the present study, 20 types of morganocins were prepared from 19 isolates of
Morganella morganii isolated from infantile diarrhoea patients in addition to one
standard strain (Cod No. A236).
The activity effects of morganocins showed variations on the isolates used. Some
had a wide spectrum (inhibited 68.4% of the isolates) while the others had a narrow
spectrum effect (inhibited 5.3% of the isolates).
Variations in the activity were also observed in the sensitivity of isolates to the
different morganocins. One strain only showed resistance to all morganocins, therefore
the percentage of the sensitivity of strains was 95%

In this research the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection was conducted among children of Al-Nusoor kindergarten, Mosul city. A total of 177 children were examined by adhesive cellophane tape swab. The overall infection percentage of enterobiasis was 24.3%. As for sex, there were no significant difference between positive percentage (boys 23.3%, girls 25.3%), while significant difference was found among the positive percentage for ages, the highest was detected in age 6 years and lowest in age 4 years. There was significant correlation between enterobiasis and anal pruritus. The infection percentage was greatly dependant on the number of children per family. The ethanol of 70% concentration terminated all the eggs after 48 hours and caused higher effect than ethanol of 50% or septol, the eggs kept their shapes and viability for more than 8 days in septol. All the eggs incubated at 37oC and dry conditions were terminated after 24 hours, while at temperature (18–22)oC, the eggs kept their shapes and viability for more than 18 days. Moreover, the children in kindergarten may be a source of infection for the elder ones in the family.

In this study we compared the efficiency of some serological tests which used for
diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis among women in child bearing age, there ages ranging
between (45≤-20≥) years in Nenava Governorate. Fifty serum samples were examined
using the three serological tests Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT), Enzyme-
Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Latex Agglutination Test (LAT).
The results shows that the LAT gives the highest positive number among all age
group in this study, which reach (32) cases (66%) followed by IgG-ELISA (52%) and
IFAT (42%). The results also shows that the LAT is more efficient in detection the
infective pregnant women (86.6%).

It was found that different derivatives from Triazoles produced locally can be used
instead of the imported cytokinins in the medium for initiation of cell suspension and
single cell of lettuce plant.
Addition of NAA to MS media containing the triazoles derivative enhanced
greatly the initiation of cell suspension and division better than the effect of standard
growth regulators. Moreover, these compounds sustain the cell division in the systems
used. The density of the cells in the suspension medium reached 21.1 X 103 cell/cm3 in
the presence of compound E, 17.0 X 10-3 cell/cm-3 with compound G and 11.1 X 103
cell/cm3 with compound F in contrast with 8.8 X 103 cell/cm3 in the standard medium
after 6 days of growth.
The results indicate that addition of these compounds increased greatly the viability
of the single cell system in the same way as in the case of the standard medium. Addition
of these compounds instead of standard cytokinins with NAA stimulates the growth of
the cells grown on Agar-Drop system with the formation of callus with the lapse of
growth period. The initiation of callus by this method was between18 to 47 % as
compared with 63% in the standard medium.
It can be concluded that these prepared compounds can be used as a new growth
regulators instead of the standard cytokinins. These compounds can be used in the other
tissue culture system for different plants.

This study try to determine the rate of Toxoplasma infection among a sample of
(176) women in child bearing age in Nenavah Governorate and comparing this rate with
prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in the previous years. So that serological tests were done to
detect acute and chronic infection by using Latex agglutination test (LAT) and Modified
agglutination test (MAT). The results show that the ages of women sample in this study
ranged between (< 20 - > 45), the age group (20-24) years has the highest rate of
infection, also the highest rate of infection was in the titer (32) in a percentage (41.4%).
There is no significant difference between percentages of titer for all positive cases.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Tannin and anemia on dietary iron absorption and som physiological features in weanling albino male rats, forty eight rate were used as a biological model for this study. These rats were randomly divided into two major groups (Anemic and Healthy). First group get anemic by induce bleeding from Retro-ocular vein. Each major group contains 24 rats were divided into 4 group, each subdivided group fed one type of diet (4 types of diets were used: Standard Diet, Basic Diet with Tannin, High Density Diet and Low Density Diet). Those diets fed to rats for 10 days, then estimation of dietary iron absorption and nutritional status were performed for anemic and healthy rats by estimating Hemoglobin concentration, Body weight changes, Diet and dietary iron intake weights, and eliminated feces and fecal iron weights, Analysis of variance showed that anemic rats absorb iron more than healthy one, Tannin decrease iron absorption in both anemic and healthy rats. Finally, high density diet is more efficient than other diets in improving nutrition status in anemic rats.