Al-Kut University College Journal

Abstract The research aims to apply cost accounting based on activities in improving the cost leadership strategy in the Light Derivatives Authority of the Dora refinery. Product costs Despite its lack of competition due to the sovereignty of the products it offers to customers in the Iraqi environment, there are a set of restrictions, including buying at subsidized prices and selling at subsidized prices, and despite achieving profits for most of the refinery’s products, but in the foreseeable future there is the possibility of withholding government support or reducing or reducing that, which affects Negatively on the annual profits achieved by the liquidator. The research was based on a basic hypothesis that applying the method of accounting for the costs of internal activities leads to improving the cost leadership strategy. It was concluded through the researchers that the application of activity cost accounting will contribute to the redistribution of activities among products in a more just manner than before. By describing the activities of oil production, and indicating the amount of what they are entitled to from resources and others, depending on the principle of consumption, for the success of implementing the method as it should.

Sustainable development is concerned with enhancing the decision-making process among students and professors, developing stronger sustainable policies within educational and academic institutions, and linking projects and individuals (human resources) to the goals of sustainable development,1 to activate meaningful cooperation. Research Problem: stimulating new transformative actions, to achieve transformational leadership and management, providing appropriate opportunities to spread the developmental culture of sustainability in higher education, stimulating cooperative and volunteer efforts within the university, to achieve equality, inclusion and diversity in initiatives and activities, which strengthen self-initiative and work in the spirit of persevering teams. Within colleges, to achieve personal status by contributing to cooperation, communication, and practical and scientific participation. Research Hypothesis: the interest in the concept of sustainable development in higher education is to build a future generation capable of facing the challenges of future generations, providing quality of life to protect our natural resources, educating the younger generation, and enabling them to exercise their leadership role to continue the sustainability strategy. Research Objective: reducing the impact of environmental pollution within academic institutions, stimulating the waste recycling movement on campus, and giving the university environment a contributing effect in environmental education and upbringing, to meet the needs of current and future generations without risking and harming the ability to meet the needs of future generations through balance: economic and environmental, and social.

This research seeks to highlight the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) as a contemporary method that contributes to improving the financial performance of economic units, focusing on its role in supporting the quality of external auditing. The research also examines the importance of implementing external auditing and its resulting benefits in achieving the strategic objectives of economic units. It also demonstrates the effective impact of AI technologies in organizing and managing oversight activities, leading to increased efficiency in external auditing operations.
Among the research's most notable findings is that enhancing knowledge of the concept of AI within the framework of external audit quality is a key factor in supporting decision-makers and enabling them to make accurate and effective decisions. The results of the study on deep learning indicate a strong trend among economic units toward adopting smart solutions that provide high-level performance and improve the speed and accuracy of services provided, which positively impacts occupational safety. The research also recommends adopting a reference framework for managing AI applications, which serves as a guide for developing oversight and financial practices.

This research delves into strategies for adapting and thriving in the management of sports events in Iraq, amidst the backdrop of significant challenges like political, economic, and logistical barriers. It probes into how these hurdles impact the quality and overall achievement of sports events and explores cutting-edge approaches for overcoming these issues, notably through technological integration and forming public-private partnerships. The study is enhanced with specific case studies and international benchmarks, providing actionable insights for refining sports event management in Iraq. The aim is to shed light on effective practices for managing sports events under challenging circumstances, thus contributing to the broader evolution of Iraq's sports industry.
In a detailed manner, the study navigates the complex dynamics of political, economic, and logistical factors that influence sports event management in Iraq. It critically assesses how these multifaceted challenges affect both the quality and success of sports events, highlighting inventive and practical strategies to maneuver through these difficulties. Special emphasis is given to the adoption of technology and development of public-private collaborations as key drivers in transforming Iraq's sports management landscape.
Rich in detailed case studies, this research offers a close-up view of broader trends and strategies, comparing them with international practices for contextual depth. These case studies not only demonstrate the practical implementation of various management techniques but also culminate in solid, practical recommendations designed to enhance sports event management in Iraq.

This research examines the role of technology in modernizing sports management in Iraq, focusing on opportunities, challenges, and comparative analyses with other regions. It highlights the varied integration of technologies like Management Information Systems (MIS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and wearable tech, which are transforming sports globally. In Iraq, these technologies are in the nascent stages compared to advanced adoptions in countries like the USA and Europe. The study emphasizes how technology can enhance sports management in Iraq, offering improved performance, fan engagement, and operational efficiency.
However, the adoption of technology in Iraq's sports sector faces challenges, including infrastructural limitations, economic constraints, educational gaps, and cultural resistance. A comparative analysis reveals that while developed countries lead in technology adoption, emerging markets are rapidly catching up, adapting to their specific needs and constraints.
The study concludes that, as for Iraq, embracing technological advancements could lead to significant improvements in sports management, aligning with global standards. Recommendations include investing in infrastructure, enhancing training and education, developing supportive policies, and engaging the community. Future research directions suggest focusing on the long-term impacts of technology integration in sports, comparative studies with other regions, and monitoring emerging technological innovations.

This research explores the dynamic realm of online marketing for sports events in Iraq, focusing on the unique challenges and opportunities presented by the country's socio-economic and cultural context. It offers an in-depth look at the global evolution of digital marketing, comparing it with the burgeoning online marketing landscape in Iraq. The study highlights the historical development of sports in Iraq, detailing how political and social changes have influenced sports culture and infrastructure.
Key opportunities in digital platform growth and their impact on sports, such as the expansion of digital media and its effects on sports consumption and fan engagement, are analyzed. The research emphasizes targeted advertising, sponsorship, brand partnerships, and innovative digital strategies in sports marketing, including the potential of VR and AR technologies.
The paper also delves into the demographics and interests of the target audience, examining age groups, gender dynamics, geographic distribution, online behavior, and economic profiles. This analysis provides a foundation for developing targeted online marketing strategies.
Challenges in the Iraqi context, such as technological limitations, cultural and social considerations, and local regulations, are thoroughly explored. The paper presents case studies demonstrating successful sports marketing initiatives in Iraq, offering insights into adaptability, fan engagement, and digital platform utilization.

This research explores the impact of sports sponsorship on the growth of the sports industry in Iraq, focusing on how such sponsorship can contribute to economic and social development despite political and economic challenges. The study highlights the vital role of sponsorship in enhancing brand awareness, fan engagement, and community support, especially in the context of Iraq, which is undergoing a phase of reconstruction and renewal. Despite the existence of a research gap focusing on the Iraqi context, this study aims to fill this gap through a theoretical exploration of the effects of sports sponsorship, utilizing various theories and models to understand these dynamics.
The research includes a review of key theories such as the Association Theory, Marketing Impact Model, Consumer-Based Brand Equity Model, and Sponsorship Fit Theory, emphasizing the importance of cultural alignment and ethical marketing in the success of sponsorship strategies. The study also sheds light on the economic and social impacts of sports sponsorship in Iraq, including infrastructure development, job creation, and enhancing social cohesion.
By presenting a conceptual model that integrates global theories with the cultural and economic specifics of Iraq, the research proposes strategic ways to use sports sponsorship as a tool for industrial growth and social development. The study concludes with recommendations for future research aimed at testing the proposed conceptual model and further exploring the role of sports sponsorship in enhancing the sports industry in Iraq, indicating the potential of this field to effectively contribute to the rebuilding of the country's social fabric and achieving sustainable development goals.

This research explores "Sports Marketing in Iraq: Challenges and Growth Potential," providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of sports in Iraq, the marketing strategies employed, the challenges faced, and the potential for growth. The study underscores football as Iraq's most popular sport, with an enthusiastic following, alongside emerging interests in basketball and other sports. Despite passionate support, the sports industry struggles with political and economic instability, limited infrastructure.
The research identifies traditional marketing methods, like event promotions and merchandise sales, and highlights the growing significance of digital and social media marketing in engaging younger demographics. Sponsorships and partnerships also emerge as vital strategies, although hindered by the prevailing instability.
Challenges such as aging sports facilities, bureaucratic hurdles, and limited government support are major impediments to growth. However, the study points out significant potential in diversifying sports offerings, tapping into youth and female audiences, and leveraging technology in marketing strategies.

The research provides an in-depth analysis of the sports equipment market in Iraq, exploring the impact of demographics, purchasing power, and cultural influences on consumer behavior. It reveals how the market is shaped by a diverse consumer base, with preferences influenced by a range of socio-economic factors. The study examines various marketing strategies employed in Iraq, including digital marketing, traditional advertising, sponsorships, and collaborations, and assesses their effectiveness in the Iraqi context. It highlights the challenges faced in the market, such as economic instability and competition, while also identifying opportunities for growth and innovation. Through case studies of successful marketing campaigns, the research demonstrates the importance of aligning marketing efforts with local consumer behaviors and preferences. The conclusion emphasizes the market's potential and provides recommendations for navigating its complexities, emphasizing digital engagement, community involvement, and the adaptation of products and marketing to local needs.

This research explores the transformative role of technology in sports management, covering various aspects such as performance enhancement, fan experience, e-sports, marketing, health, event management, training, and sustainability. Key highlights include the use of data analytics and wearable technology to improve athlete performance, with a focus on real-time feedback and injury prevention.
The study also delves into the impact of technology on enhancing the in-stadium experience for fans through high-density Wi-Fi and app-based services, alongside the growing integration of e-sports into traditional sports frameworks. Additionally, it examines how digital platforms are revolutionizing marketing strategies and commercial partnerships in sports. The research further investigates the role of technology in health and injury prevention, utilizing advanced diagnostics and predictive analytics. The importance of technology in event management is also emphasized, particularly in aspects like ticketing, planning, and security. Training and development benefit from the adoption of virtual and augmented reality and AI-driven personalized programs. Lastly, the study addresses the use of green technologies in sports facilities, highlighting the importance of sustainability and efficient resource management. This comprehensive analysis underscores technology's pivotal role in reshaping sports management.

This research explores the significant role of strategic partnerships in enhancing sports marketing in Iraq. The study highlights the importance of sports marketing in achieving economic growth and social development. It focuses on the challenges facing sports in Iraq, such as political and economic instability, a lack of expertise in sports marketing, and limited infrastructure. The research considers strategic partnerships as a vital means to improve this sector by examining the current state of sports marketing and proposing strategies to address challenges and effectively utilize these partnerships.
Recommendations include enhancing political and economic stability, developing local expertise, improving sports infrastructure, and focusing on digital marketing and sports technology investment. This research aims to provide a pathway for the development of the sports sector in Iraq by maximizing the benefits of strategic partnerships to achieve sustainable growth, increased international presence, and the promotion of sports culture.

This research explores Human Resource Development (HRD) strategies in Iraqi sports organizations, focusing on adapting global practices to the unique Iraqi context. The study begins with an overview of the sports sector in Iraq, highlighting the challenges and potential within this environment, primarily shaped by political, economic, and cultural factors.
The core of the research lies in analyzing various HRD strategies such as talent management, professional development, performance management, leadership development, and strategic HR planning. These strategies are critically evaluated for their applicability and adaptability to Iraqi sports organizations, considering local nuances like resource constraints, cultural dynamics, and the need for organizational resilience.
Key global case studies, including Barcelona Football Club's La Masia Academy and Ajax Youth Academy, are examined for their successful HRD practices. These are contrasted with the current practices in Iraqi sports organizations, identifying gaps and potential areas for development. The research underscores the challenges faced by Iraqi sports entities, such as limited resources and cultural barriers, while also recognizing opportunities like youth engagement and international collaboration.

This research explores the role of marketing in enhancing women's sports in Iraq, highlighting its impact on improving awareness and participation in this field. By analyzing marketing and gender theories, as well as studying the Iraqi cultural context, the study provides a deep understanding of the challenges and opportunities in marketing women's sports.
The research reveals the importance of developing marketing strategies that align with the cultural and social values of Iraq, emphasizing the need to focus on community engagement and promoting female role models in sports. It also addresses the pivotal role of both the government and the private sector in supporting and promoting women's sports, underscoring the necessity of collaboration between these parties for progress.
Utilizing mixed methodologies that combine surveys and interviews, the study analyzes perceptions and strategies related to the marketing of women's sports in Iraq. It highlights how digital tools like social media and online platforms can be used to enhance the status of women's sports.
In conclusion, the research offers recommendations including the development of innovative marketing strategies tailored to the Iraqi environment, encouraging investment in infrastructure and resources, and implementing educational programs to shift attitudes towards women's participation in sports. This research provides a valuable contribution to the field of women's sports marketing, with a focus on the cultural and social context of Iraq.

This study, "Experiences and Challenges of Women in Sports Management in Iraq", explores various aspects that shape the professional landscape for women in this field. The research adopted a qualitative approach, focusing on secondary data analysis, including literature review, policy analysis, and media analysis, to gather comprehensive insights. The findings revealed that women in sports management in Iraq face significant challenges, including social and cultural barriers, professional obstacles, and political and legal constraints. The study also highlighted the significant role societal attitudes and cultural norms play in shaping the professional landscape for women in this field. Additionally, it uncovered gaps in organizational dynamics and policy frameworks that hinder women's progress in sports management roles.
Key Research Recommendations:
There is an urgent need for sports organizations in Iraq to adopt and effectively implement gender equality policies, which should include aspects such as fair hiring practices, equal pay, and creating a supportive work environment.
The establishment of mentoring programs, professional development opportunities, and networking platforms specifically for women in sports management is recommended.
Initiatives to raise awareness about the value and importance of women's contributions to sports management are crucial. Efforts should be made to change cultural perceptions and promote a more inclusive vision of women in leadership roles in sports.

This research delves into the leadership dynamics within Iraqi sports clubs, exploring the nuanced interplay of cultural, social, and economic factors. Adopting a qualitative approach, the study uncovers challenges and strategies employed by leaders, emphasizing the distinctive impact of Iraq's rich history and societal fabric on leadership approaches. The findings underscore the prevalence of authoritative leadership styles, resource constraints, and the critical importance of cultural sensitivity. Ethical leadership and community engagement emerge as focal points. The study addresses a literature gap, providing valuable insights into sports management within a non-Western, conflict-affected context. Recommendations advocate for tailored leadership development, strategic resource management, inclusivity policies, and continued research. Overall, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of leadership in Iraqi sports clubs, offering practical implications for global sports management in diverse and challenging environments.

This research covers a detailed survey of the Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack cases in the context of cloud computing, describing their evolution in light of the past, current, and future trends, as well as the related technologies used in detection and mitigation approaches. It highlights the contradictory nature of cloud computing services to be both a for resource scalability and flexibility and a hurmful, as any DDoS attack can wreak havoc on it. The literature has been synthesized over the past decade, from 2012 to 2024, to identify the main advances in detection techniques, starting with traditional signature-based methods and ending with AI-based innovative approaches, such as machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The paper deals with the DDoS challenges, including the evolution of attack vectors, scalability limit of detection systems, integration of DDoS with cloud services, false positives or negatives, and resource limitations. Future research and practice call for the adoption of AI and machine learning techniques, a mixture of manual and automatic detection approaches, strong collaborations, regular system updates, and user education and awareness.

The research titled "Innovation in Boxing Marketing: A Case Study of the Iraqi Market" explores the Iraqi boxing market and introduces innovative marketing strategies. It explains the global importance of boxing and the necessity of effective marketing, focusing on the unique context of boxing in Iraq. The study includes a literature review on sports marketing and innovative marketing practices in boxing. It follows an exploratory and qualitative research methodology, including interviews, focus groups, and observational studies. The paper provides a detailed analysis of the Iraqi boxing market, including its history, cultural context, and current marketing strategies. It reviews case studies of innovation in global boxing marketing and concludes with key findings and recommendations for marketers in Iraq, emphasizing digital marketing and community engagement.
Additionally, the research presents a review of case studies from around the world, showcasing successful innovative marketing strategies in boxing. These global examples provide a context for understanding the potential for similar innovations in the Iraqi market.
The study concludes with key findings and practical recommendations for marketers in Iraq. It emphasizes the importance of digital marketing and community engagement as pivotal elements for the growth and success of boxing marketing in the region. These recommendations aim to guide marketers in leveraging the unique opportunities within the Iraqi boxing market, paving the way for increased visibility and popularity of the sport in Iraq.

This research explores sports consumer behavior and analyzes the key motivations influencing their decisions in purchasing products and participating in sports events. The study addresses diverse factors such as team loyalty, love for the sport, social experiences, and personal health goals. It relies on an analytical methodology, gathering data through surveys, interviews, and the study of successful marketing case studies.
The study highlights how team loyalty drives consumers to regularly purchase tickets and products, and how brands can leverage this loyalty in their marketing strategies. Additionally, it investigates how love for the sport and the desire to participate in sports events affect purchasing behaviors. The role of social experiences and personal health goals in motivating consumers to engage in sports activities and purchase related products is also explored.
Through specific case studies, the research presents practical examples demonstrating how sports clubs and brands have benefited from these motivations to enhance their interaction with consumers and increase their sales. The aim of the research is to provide a deeper understanding of the factors driving consumer behavior in the sports field and how marketers can use this knowledge to develop effective and innovative marketing strategies.

Recently, the focus of modern studies has been on pollution levels in urban areas, natural treatments, and long-term pollution prediction due to the effects that pollutants leave on the surrounding soil and plants for the purpose of providing a safe environment and increasing quality of life standards. The study was conducted in the sites that were exposed to events as illegal waste such as metal and isotope, soil samples were collected from ALbawia , ALbawia1000m and landfill, landfill 1000m in the middle of October 2023 and four types of plant collected from ALbawia1000m Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Phragmites Adans , Conocarpus lancifolius Eichhornia crassipes. Experimental setup of an HPGe detector to measure the specific activity of stable radioisotopes in soil samples and plants surrounding it Pb214,Pb212,228Ac,173Cs, 40K,Bi214, the results raying from 40K is 63 Bq/kg Pb214 is 2.24ppm Bi214 is 1.8 Bq/kg in ALbawia soil and 40K is 64 Bq/kg, Bi214 is 3.5 Bq/kg. Plant the results were Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Phragmites Adans , Conocarpus lancifolius Eichhornia crassipes of 40K are 89.96 ,153.64 , 47.76 , 153.46 Bq/kg respectively.

In agriculture, it is essential to make well-informed decisions regarding crop selection to guarantee the highest possible yield and usage of available resources. The parameters of the weather, particularly the rainfall patterns, play a considerable impact in defining the kind of crop being grown. As a result, the incorporation of machine learning strategies into creating a crop recommendation system founded on rainfall data becomes necessity. This importance comes form the fact that the world is confronted with challenges that motivate research to combine technologies to mitigate these issues in the agriculture sector such as global warming, draught and pollution. In this research, we released a review paper that examined the latest advancements in machine learning in the agricultural scientific domain. The primary objective of this research is to explore the benefits that can be derived from employing machine learning in recommender systems for agricultural purposes. This paper investigated various machine learning methodologies, such as support vector machines (SVM), kernel neural networks (KNN), and random forests. The research concluded that the current mechanisms used for creating the decisions in the recommender system are all based on the supervised machine learning techniques that require to train the knowledge based on the model. Thus, it is recommended that further research to be done in this domain for better accuracy and reduce the time needed for training the model.

This review systematically examines recent advances in Human Activity Recognition (HAR) enabled by deep learning techniques, which play a critical role in improving human–machine interaction across applications such as healthcare, surveillance, and intelligent environments. The study analyzes peer-reviewed publications published between 2014 and 2024 to trace the evolution of HAR from traditional approaches to state-of-the-art deep learning models. It provides a comprehensive overview of commonly used datasets for both vision-based and sensor-based HAR systems, as well as deep learning architectures including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and hybrid models. The findings indicate a clear shift toward sensor-based HAR systems due to the flexibility and non-intrusive nature of wearable and ambient sensors. Moreover, the review highlights the capability of deep learning models to handle complex and unstructured data, resulting in notable improvements in recognition accuracy. Finally, this study identifies key research challenges and future directions, including data privacy concerns, model generalization, and the optimization of deep learning models for deployment on resource-constrained devices. Overall, this review offers a structured analysis of datasets, methodologies, and performance trends, providing valuable insights and a clear roadmap for future research in the HAR field.

Over the past few years, there has been a growing incorporation of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in the industrial sector, leading to a transformation of conventional manufacturing and operational procedures. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has brought substantial progress to industrial operations, although it has also presented novel cyber security obstacles. This article examines the cyber security challenges related to the integration of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in industrial environments. It emphasizes the weaknesses that result from the growing interconnectedness and reliance on gadgets, systems, and networks. The research highlights the potential dangers linked to illegal access, data breaches, and malicious assaults aimed at vital infrastructure, resulting in operational disruptions, financial losses, and safety issues. Additionally, it explores the distinct difficulties of safeguarding outdated systems, guaranteeing the accuracy of data, and handling the intricacy of IIoT ecosystems.

E-administration plays the biggest role in managing time well, intensifying efforts and limiting costs. It always seeks to keep pace with the age of speed that does not leave the manager to think about the goals that must be achieved, but only to meet the needs of clients. This requires it to maintain its advantages and goals that should not be ignored no matter what. Therefore, it is necessary to control the work of e-administration by establishing principles that govern it, with the necessity of working with the goals. However, it should not be forgotten that this type of management is likely to create a kind of satisfaction with routine accompanied by pressures on the worker to work quickly and perform multiple and nerve-wracking jobs. E-administration is a device that constantly adapts to meet the increasing demand for state services, as well as responding to the needs and tastes of new generations and keeping pace with the modernity of administrative systems technology. The administration's adoption of the new method in managing administrative work was initially just a project that all countries aspired to and sought to implement in practice and benefit as much as possible from the advantages offered by e-administration.

The use of generative AI tools in Iraqi universities is crucial. It helps researchers and graduate students understand the advantages and risks of using these tools in scientific research, contributing to their effective and responsible use by establishing specific policies and procedures. This study aims to explore the level of use of AI tools in research conducted by faculty members and graduate students. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, and a questionnaire was used as a tool to collect data analyzed in SPSS. The study sample included 304 faculty members and graduate students at Al-Mustansiriya University. The results revealed that the ease of use of generative AI tools significantly improves the quality of scientific research, and that the study sample has (medium) awareness of generative AI. There is also a strong challenge in adhering to academic standards. The study recommended providing specialized training courses, protecting intellectual property, emphasizing academic integrity, and investing in digital infrastructure. The study revealed that adopting generative AI tools has raised the quality of scientific research in Iraqi universities and paved the way for the preparation of more advanced and innovative academic plans.

The growing threat of unwanted email (spam) messages has led to the importance of spam filtering in the secure exchange of digital communication. Spam messages invade user privacy and undermine the integrity of systems and productivity. Over 50% of global email traffic is spam, which has recently evolved into more sophisticated phishing attacks, using embedded images scams, and other methods. Traditionally spam filtering methods no longer suffice. The state of the art deep learning methods greatly improve spam filtering by performing sophisticated automated feature extraction on text, images, and mixed media. Spam filtering techniques make use of deep learning Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for feature localization, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) models with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) for sequential processing of text and other media, and transformer models like BERT and RoBERTa for contextual analysis of text. Reported accuracies for spam detection using hybrid methods reach 99.33%, though these methods require extensive resources.
Nonetheless, challenges such as deficiencies and gaps in datasets along with issues of interpretability, privacy, and large-scale training resource consumption remain unaddressed. Potential solutions, such as self-supervised learning, the development of lighter models, and adaptive techniques like reinforcement learning and continual learning, show value. The proposed frameworks of explainable AI (XAI) are growing in popularity, and for good reason—they increase transparency and trust. Deep learning is, without a doubt, spam filtering's paradigm shifting technology. The primary issue, however, is achieving operational efficiency.

What we hear most often in cybersecurity is phishing, especially at a time when social media has become widespread among all members of society. Due to its impact and risks, caused by the limited knowledge of social media users and Internet users, who make them potential victims, phishing remains a significant concern. Researchers are striving to find appropriate solutions to this serious threat. Phishing has become increasingly sophisticated over time, attracting many cybersecurity specialists to investigate its causes, limit its impact, and uncover its tools. This is because attackers use fraudulent methods to deceive users and steal their information. This paper examines different forms of deceptive tactics and addresses techniques for detecting and combating them. The objectives include describing the different phishing attack forms, explaining how attackers exploit or lure users, and showing different detection strategies to thwart phishing attempts. The main objectives include increasing awareness of phishing tactics, educating individuals about them, supplementing preventative measures against phishing, and supplementing discussion within professional circles. By adopting a systematic approach, reviews related studies and recent advanced academic publications on phishing, its attacks, and detection.