Journal of Al-Farahidis Arts

This study explores the role of ethics in Islamic literary criticism, emphasizing its dual focus on artistic beauty and moral responsibility. It demonstrates that Islamic criticism originated within the framework of the Qur’an and the Sunnah, where values such as truthfulness, justice, trustworthiness, and benevolence became fundamental criteria for evaluating literary texts. The research traces the historical development of Islamic criticism from the spontaneous evaluations of the pre-Islamic era, through the Umayyad and Abbasid periods with critics like Ibn Qutaybah, al-Jahiz, and Ibn Tabataba, and further into Andalusian and modern contexts. Practical applications are highlighted through the analysis of al-Hariri’s Maqamat, al-Jahiz’s epistles, and selected poetry by al-Mutanabbi and Ahmad Shawqi, showing how ethical principles are embedded in literary structures. A comparative study with Western approaches reveals that Islamic criticism is more comprehensive and authentic, as it is grounded in a religious framework that makes ethics an integral part of literary evaluation. The study concludes that Islamic literature cannot be separated from its ethical dimension, and that the success of literary texts lies in their ability to combine artistic pleasure with moral responsibility.

This research addresses the use of dialogue in the poetry of the Abbasid blacks as an artistic and analytical approach to uncovering the psychological dimensions of their internal suffering. It proceeds from a fundamental objective: to study how these poets used dialogue, both external and internal, to express feelings of marginalization, alienation, and psychological fragmentation, employing it as a defense mechanism against the social injustice they experienced. The research problem is that the poetry of Abbasid blacks has often been approached from a social or linguistic perspective, without sufficient attention to the dialogic structure that accurately reflected their psychological struggles. Hence, the research asks: How did poetic dialogue contribute to depicting the suffering of blacks? Was dialogue a tool of psychological expression that reflected internal division and social rejection?
The research is based on three main hypotheses: first, that external dialogue in their poetry embodied a challenge to society and authority; second, that internal dialogue revealed an internal rupture resulting from a sense of inferiority or emotional separation; and third, that dialogue in general represented an artistic and psychological means of venting and protesting suffering.

The phenomenon of semantic differences is considered one of the systems within the Arabic language, and it has attracted the attention and care of linguists both in ancient and modern times. While Al-Furūq al-Lughawiyyah (Linguistic Differences) by Abū Hilāl al-ʿAskarī (d. ca. 400 AH) is regarded as one of the most prominent classical works in this field, modern linguistics recognizes that synonymy in language does not imply complete equality in meaning between two words. Rather, it indicates a closeness in meaning. In precise linguistic expression, no word can fully substitute for another or take its exact place.

The book Mirqāt al-Mafātīḥ Sharḥ Mishkāt al-Maṣābīḥ by ʿAlī ibn Sulṭān al-Qārī (d. 1014 AH) was selected for this study because it represents a comprehensive and complete compilation of noble Prophetic traditions. Such a source offers the researcher a sense of confidence, assurance, and certainty that the work being undertaken is academically sound and capable of producing reliable and definitive results upon which one can depend.
Upon my initial reading of the book, I found it rich and abundant with syntactic material that directly relates to grammar and its connection to meaning, as well as the role of syntactic analysis in understanding the hadith and elucidating its significance.
This study aims to shed light on sentence structure in the Prophetic tradition and its various types. The first section addresses sentence construction, examining predication (isnād) and pronoun reference, while the second section explores the different types of sentences.
.Understanding the meanings of the noble Prophetic traditions (ahadith) and interpreting them accurately has a significant impact on determining the structure and type of sentences. This is evident in the Prophet’s (PBUH) hadith: “The believer to another believer is like a building whose different parts enforce each other.” Then he interlaced his fingers. Al-Qārī explained that interpreting the sentence “enforces each other” (yashuddu baʿḍuhu baʿḍan) as an independent clause (isti’nāf) is more evident than interpreting it as a circumstantial phrase (ḥāl) or an adjective (ṣifah), as this better conveys the intended comparison between believers. The Prophet (PBUH) physically demonstrated this meaning by interlacing his noble fingers, thereby reinforcing this image in the mind of the recipient.

The relationship between word and meaning has always been an ambiguous one. From the moment humankind began assigning words to the concepts they wished to convey or express, they entered a continuous cycle of explanation and interpretation. In fact, we still do not—and perhaps never will—know with certainty when this process first occurred. The Qur’an, however, seems to allude to its earliest manifestation in the story of the first creation, that of Adam (peace be upon him), when God said to the angels: “Inform Me of the names of these” (Al-Baqarah: 31). The angels were unable to name them, for they had not yet learned the correspondence between word and referent. Adam, on the other hand, “informed them of their names,” saying: this is called such-and-such, thus revealing the harmony between name and named object.
While naming visible objects may seem simple and straightforward, naming what is abstract or imaginary is considerably more complex. In naming tangible entities—such as stone, water, or wood—no elaborate explanation is required; yet when we deal with abstract notions or mental constructs, the process necessarily involves definition and clarification. For instance, when one uses the word recompense, an explanation becomes necessary, since it does not refer to a visible or tangible thing

The research aimed to clarify the identity of the imaginary in ancient Arabic poetry, through the poetry of Osama bin Munqidh, and visualized the features of the imaginary in the poet in his representations of the image of the self and the other, and the oscillation of the poetic self and its relationship to the absence of the poetic self, especially in the two positions: elegy and complaint of gray hair and old age, and reflected the features of his youth and youth, which represents the peak of strength and maturity in his poetic life. The poetic imaginary in the position of praise reflected the decline of the poetic self without its dissolution before the praised, so his praise came repeated, and perhaps this is due to his luxurious life, and his innate transcendence of resembling others, and explains to us the intensity of his anguish when he reached the stage of gray hair and old age. Usama bin Munqidh's elegy was characterized by grief and intense sadness, and his elegy focused on family, relatives, and some friends, so most of his poetic output in the elegy genre was limited to those close to him.

The theory of deviation in ancient and modern literary and critical studies has been one of the most important pillars of poetics, especially modern poetics, to the point that it has become one of the main tools by which critics judge modern poetic experiments. Moreover, they have applied it meticulously to ancient poetic experiments deeply rooted in the Arab heritage, considering these ancient poetic experiments no less significant than their modern counterparts. On the contrary, they are considered the origin of modern poetic experiments in their emergence and construction through reshaping and reformulation. Without this origin, the branch would not have the chance to survive. From this perspective, one of the aims of this brief study is to explore the features of that poetics achieved through the element of stylistic deviation in one of the ancient poetic experiments that is considered among the most prominent poetic experiments produced by the Andalusian environment. This poetic experiment was considered a unique haven for the element of deviation, to the point that it became a distinctive linguistic and personal signature in the experience of Ibn al-Haddad al-Andalusi in particular, and in other poetic experiments in general. This resulted in many benefits, especially aesthetic ones, including that feature which all texts strive to emulate. Poetry, to reach its full potential, in order to achieve the qualities of uniqueness, difference, and immortality.

Intertextuality with character in Arabic poetry is a process of great importance in understanding cultural, social, and political values. It reflects Arab values, as well as depicting social relations and their interaction with historical events and political transformations, a dialogue between the past and the present. Characters embody images of diverse cultures. Sulaiman al-Nabhani's poetry represents a promising field for critical action based on intertextuality as a reading process. Intertextuality is a constructive phenomenon in his poems, representing an active openness to heritage in the poetic experience, by invoking the Qur'anic and traditional character and consciously investing in it to ensure its reception.
The phenomenon of intertextuality with character in Sulaiman al-Nabhani's poetry was followed by a comprehensive critical analysis of its artistic and intellectual dimensions, with two axes: the first: intertextuality with the Qur'anic character, and the second: intertextuality with the traditional character

The theme in any story is considered one of the demands for any research and any analysis through which the critic tries to penetrate into the thoughts of the Story - teller and the summary which he wants to deliver to the reader. My theme in this story is in all its kinds and various images to show how departure is shown, whether near or far, in time and place, materialistically and spiritually and it can be shown in the Turkia Stories, especially in such kinds of Stories as "Abood never sustains any single whip. This urges me to write this research. Finally, I beg Almighty God to make me achieve my goal

This is a serious attempt, launched from the oasis of Andalusian poetry, to examine "the construction of the descriptive scene in Ibn Shaheed." The reason for this choice stems from the desire to reveal the artistic aspect of Ibn Shaheed's poetry, namely the construction of the descriptive scene. Ibn Shaheed is not an ordinary poet, but rather a poet with an artistic taste who uses language as a complete poetic scene, pulsating with emotion and feeling. The importance of the research lies in exploring examples of the poet's descriptive poetry and revealing the artistic elements and diverse images that helped shape the descriptive scene in a beautiful way. Therefore, the research was divided into an introduction, two chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction included a presentation of "Ibn Shaheed Al-Andalusi between the reflection of the environment and the cultural formation." It then revealed "the scene and description: extracting the image from the womb of language and shaping meaning with.. in the horizons of terminology." The research then turned to "description in Andalusian poetry as a center of formation, awareness, and beauty," concluding the introduction with "description in Andalusian poetry as a normative art." The first section, titled "Constructing the Descriptive Scene in the Manifestations of the Universe, Man, and Plants," covered nature, spring, man, and fava beans. The second section, titled "Constructing the Descriptive Scene in the Manifestations of Animals," covered the flea, the bee, the wolf, and the horse. It concluded with the research findings. The research process encountered difficulties, manifested in observing the image fragments from the poetic texts and attempting to assemble their parts to complete the descriptive scene, tracing the meanings behind the figurative language, the horizons of the language, and decoding its symbols.

Environmental criticism emerged as a result of the need to halt the depletion of natural resources and maintain a balance between humanity and the environment through the relationship between literature and the physical environment. It is a response to the need for a humanistic understanding of our relationship with the natural world in an era of environmental destruction. It is a study of culture and cultural products that are somehow connected to the relationship between humanity and the natural world.
Our study is based on two main axes. The first section addresses the theoretical field, which includes five points: the origins of environmental criticism, the terminology of environmental criticism, the characteristics of literature and environmental criticism, the foundations and principles of environmental criticism, and the difficulties facing environmental literary criticism. The second section addresses the applied field, which is titled: Environmental Elements in the Novel "The Druze of Belgrade

This study aims to explore the relationship between Islamic literature and the non-living environment through a contemporary critical reading that seeks to analyze early Islamic poetry from an ecological perspective. This perspective views poetry as embodied in and connected to the environmental context, focusing on the concept of belonging that the creator attempts to instill within the community he lives in. Therefore, our ecological reading places special emphasis on the cultural elements: language and poetry, and their relationship with the environment, as well as revealing how early Islamic poetry utilized various environmental elements as symbols of faith. This reading relies on environmental criticism, a modern approach in literary criticism concerned with revealing the status of the environment and its various elements in literary texts, and how these elements are evoked to convey specific meanings. The study shows that there is an interaction between religion and the environment in Islamic perception, which is reflected in the invocation of various environmental elements by early Islamic poets as symbols of faith in their poetry, including: (water, fire, earth, mountains, sky, light, and dawn). The ecological reading proves that early Islamic poetry is not merely a religious discourse, but a text that interacts with the environment, carrying both intellectual and spiritual dimensions, deserving of multiple interdisciplinary approaches

Symbolic violence is a complex sociological concept highlighted by the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu to describe a form of indirect domination exercised through symbolic and cultural mechanisms in society, which differs from direct violence. Symbolic violence operates in a concealed manner and serves as a tool in the production of the social structure. It manifests within organizations, which are among the fundamental pillars upon which social life is built. Symbolic violence is expressed through mechanisms such as education, language, media, traditions, and social roles within the social organization. It is a modern concept, and this study adopted an analytical approach to examine symbolic violence within social organization. Among the most important findings of the research are the following:
1. Symbolic violence is one of the most prominent forms of violence practiced within social organization and is evident at the level of social institutions. It can be said that the relationship between social organization and symbolic violence is a functional one.
2. Symbolic violence takes multiple forms and pathways that are no less dangerous than physical violence. In fact, it can extend more widely and deeply to include all non-material forms of violence that harm others, whether through language, speech, or other expressive forms.
3. Symbolic violence is distinguished by being hidden, and it may involve normalizing the other’s sense of inferiority. It emerges in situations of domination exercised by those in power over their subordinates..

The current study aimed to discover the impact of the absence of political participation, weak belief in political participation, awareness of the obstacles to political and societal awareness, and the consolidation of the concept of the state. And identifying the impact of the level of education and illiteracy on awareness of the obstacles to political and societal awareness and consolidating the concept of the state. And discovering the impact of economic conditions and administrative and financial commitment on awareness of the obstacles to political and societal awareness and consolidating the concept of the state. The questionnaire tool was relied upon, and the study sample was 195 individuals from Iraqi society who were randomly selected 126) male&69 female (. The results were as follows: 1- By reviewing the previous results, it was found that there is an impact of obstacles to the advancement of political and societal awareness as a force supporting political authority and consolidating the concept of the state. 2- By reviewing the previous results, it was found that there is an impact of the absence of political participation and weak belief in political participation, awareness of the obstacles to political and societal awareness, and consolidating the concept of the state. 3- By reviewing the previous results, it was shown that there is an impact of the economic conditions and administrative and financial commitment on awareness of the obstacles to political and societal awareness. Consolidating the concept of the state.

Psychosocial support programs are no longer confined to emergency situations; they have become a developmental necessity in educational institutions, particularly in an era dominated by electronic automation. These programs significantly impact students’ psychological and social well-being, influencing their behaviors and social interactions.
This study aims to highlight psychosocial support programs, assess their role in developing students’ life skills, and examine the methods used by school counselors in implementing them. The researchers employed a social survey with purposive sampling, involving a sample of 50 primary school counselors.

This research deals with modern technology and the social problems facing individuals in the shadow of cybercrime, which is considered a soft crime that is difficult to prove and has a clear impact on the individual, the family, and society as a whole. The research focused on a number of objectives, including identifying cybercrimes in the digital age in terms of their history of emergence, characteristics, components, and types, and identifying the reasons that limit social problems, as well as the role of Iraqi law towards them. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted by using a questionnaire distributed to the selected sample. The research concluded that cybercrime causes family disintegration, weakens trust between individuals, and fragments social ties, especially in the absence of the implementation of laws that deter weak souls from committing crimes, as well as the absence of awareness programs or security study materials in schools or universities. The most important recommendations of the study are to have awareness and media programs and hold courses, in addition to enacting strict laws that limit the commission of such acts

Humans are born with rights simply because they are human. They are therefore a gift from God and His creation. The story of human struggle to obtain their rights is long and continues to this day. Furthermore, the existence of the state and its various institutions are merely tools created by humans to reclaim and preserve their rights. Despite decades of universal recognition of human rights, they have not been fully realized, even in developed countries. They continue to experience fluctuations, evidenced by demonstrations and sit-ins in most Arab and Western countries. Human rights legislation still appears incomplete and has not witnessed a real transformation. They are merely texts in the constitution, laws, and basic slogans that call for human rights.

The current study aims to show the different propaganda methods used by Israeli electronic newspapers towards the October 7 operations in Gaza. This study is considered one of the descriptive analytical studies that describe and analyze the results. A sample of different journalistic materials in Yedioth Ahronoth and Haaretz newspapers was used, using the content analysis tool. The study reached many results, which are: using different topics to promote propaganda, including beheading children, raping women, and Hamas as a terrorist group. Then, using propaganda methods, including repetition, diversion, justification, lying, and distortion. It relied on security and military propaganda, then political and then social propaganda. It used the framework of the conflict between the Palestinians and the Israelis. This propaganda aimed to beautify the Israeli image around the world. It obtained its information from the Prime Minister and the War Council in order to promote Israeli propaganda

This research aims to analyze the methods employed by Israel within the framework of soft power during its coverage of the war on Gaza, and to explore the extent of the impact of these methods on shaping Arab public opinion. The research problem lies in identifying and analyzing the soft power methods used by Israel in its coverage of the war on Gaza. To measure the impact of these methods on Arab public opinion, and in order to achieve the research objective, the survey method was adopted, as it is the most suitable for interpreting the soft power methods used by Israel during the war on Gaza. The research reached several conclusions, including There is a statistically significant inverse effect of Israel’s use of soft power methods on the occurrence of a negative Arab public opinion stance towards the Palestinian issue. It was found that the greater the level of Israel’s use of soft power methods, the lower the level of the occurrence of a negative Arab public opinion stance towards the Palestinian issue. Therefore, we recommend the need to work on countering Israel’s flooding of social media platforms with propaganda content by directing global public opinion to the falsehood of Israeli propaganda content.

This research paper attempts to decipher the image the US State Department seeks to project of its partnerships with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, as well as Iraq, through content analysis of 52 statements, news reports, press interviews, and other publications released during the last months of 2022.
The paper reveals the State Department's significant interest in showcasing its partnerships and alliances, and their scope. The study categorizes the types of relationships with each country, focusing on military cooperation with some, economic cooperation with others, and, like Iraq and Qatar, on combating terrorism.
Furthermore, cooperation in environmental and climate issues, human rights, and other areas is also examined. The study reveals the stages of these alliances, some of which were primarily commercial partnerships. For example, Oman was considered a trade and diplomatic partner, while Qatar was designated a major non-NATO ally, according to official statements. (US State Department, 2022)
It seems that the image that the State Department's media message maker wanted to convey to the global audience, especially the competitor, is that relations, partnerships, and alliances with the Gulf Cooperation Council countries and Iraq are strong and cannot be broken or diminished, and there are many warnings to regional countries and others.

Drone-generated visual content has become an integral part of the material published on electronic media websites, as many platforms now support their content with images and videos. This development has contributed to the emergence of what is known as (drone journalism). However, this type of journalism faces numerous obstacles that hinder its development in the Arab world, particularly in Iraq. Accordingly, the researcher formulated the research problem in the following question: What are the obstacles to the development of drone journalism in Iraq from the perspective of Iraqi journalists?
To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher adopted the (survey method). The findings revealed several key results. Most notably, the item (Journalists) concerns about legal accountability in the event of unintentional violations ranked first among legal and legislative obstacles. The item (The possibility of drone confiscation or the detention of journalists during field reporting) ranked first among security-related obstacles. In the category of technical and technological obstacles, Weak internet connectivity or GPS system limitations in certain areas affecting operational accuracy ranked first. Furthermore, Media institutions face difficulties in obtaining official permits to use drones ranked first among professional and media-related obstacles. Finally, Environmental factors such as dust and heavy smoke may reduce the clarity of aerial images ranked first among environmental obstacles

Today, digital platforms have become one of the most prominent forms of modern media, firmly establishing themselves in the communications arena, not as a complement to traditional television, but rather as a fierce competitor seeking to redefine the audience's viewing experience. Therefore, this research seeks to shed light on the extent to which digital platforms have impacted the future of traditional television broadcasting. We relied on the field survey method with its two parts: the descriptive and analytical method. The questionnaire tool was used to collect data, and the extracted data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The research found an increase in the level of public use of digital platforms with a value of 4.10 and a standard deviation of 0.79. We found a statistically significant inverse effect of the impact of digital platforms on the future of traditional television broadcasting at 0.05. It was found that every 1% increase in the level of audience use of digital platforms, the level of the future of traditional television broadcasting decreased by 0.701%. Therefore, the study recommends the need to provide all necessary resources to encourage digital platforms to produce content that contributes to finding solutions to societal problems.

Through excavations conducted in the city of Balad at selected sites, a collection of diverse metal artifacts of various shapes and sizes was found, including vessels and bells. These artifacts are among the metal finds dating back to the Islamic era. The researcher was able to obtain some of these models from the Iraqi Museum's storerooms for the purpose of studying them.
Given the importance of this topic and the scarcity of studies examining the results of excavations related to artifacts of this type, the researcher decided to study important examples of these artifacts. Two selected examples: a vessel and a bell.
We conducted a descriptive study and then analyzed the two models in terms of size, shape, nature of use, material, manufacturing method, style, and most important artistic features, as well as an introduction to the manufacturing and usage styles of that era.