Tikrit Journal of Pure Science

Onobrychis is a legume, and it contains blooms. Their distribution spans the entire world. A total of eleven O. were investigated for their pollen size and characteristics as part of this research project. A light microscope and a scanning electron microscope were used to analyze specimens originating from Northern Iraq. After conducting research, all types of O. possessed the type of germination aperture, prolate, sub-prolate and prolate shapes, and reticulate perforate orientation. Characterization is performed on the O. acaulis and O. galegiofolia, which are prolate in shape. At the same time, O. susiana is subprolate. In contrast, other species, such as O. schhuensis, O. ptolemaica, O. hausskni, O. megataphrois, O. caputigalli, O. aequidentata, O. haespindicala, and O. galegioides, are prolate. Additionally, tricolpate pollen was observed in each plant species. The larger pollen grain in size is O. Susiana (1.16µm), and the smaller is O. hausskni (0.34 µm).

Candida albicans infections are often associated with biofilm formation. The expression of the ALS1, CAP1, CAT1, and LIP3 gene families is associated with biofilm growth on mucosal surfaces and with C. albicans virulence genes. The present study investigated the efficacy of the alcoholic extract of the medical plant (Mixed Camellia sinensis and Citrus aurantifolia and the extract of Mirabilis jalapa in relation to its antifungal properties against C. albicans and the effect on gene expression of C. albicans virulence factors. Twenty samples (swabs) were collected from patients with oral candidiasis; all of the samples tested were positive. Candida isolates were cultivated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and identified using standard techniques and HiCrome Candida medium. It was confirmed by molecular diagnosis and then by measuring the gene expression of virulence genes before and after treatment with selected plant extracts of different concentrations (50%, 75%, 100%, 200%) for both extracts. The Candida gene-expression data indicated that both extracts showed lower expression at the 100% and 200% doses than at the other concentrations.

Environmental problems have consistently garnered significant attention from the scientific community. Pollution, particularly heavy metal contamination, represents a critical environmental concern with profound implications for human health. This study investigates the accumulation of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) in the roots, stems, and leaves of Phragmites australis plants grown in soils contaminated with these metals, The results showed that the highest concentration for (Pb. Cu. Cd and Ni) in roots which reached 0.771 ppm, 0.832 ppm, 0.094ppm and 0.062 ppm respectively while the lowest concentration was in the leaves of the plant which reached 0.378 ppm, 0.428 ppm, 0.064 ppm and 0.035 ppm for (Pb, Cu, Cd, and Ni) Respectively, results also indicated a direct correlation between the concentration of heavy metals in soil and in Plant Parts.

The study aimed to determine how tramadol affects oxidative stress and how flaxseed Oil (FSO) and grape seed oil (GSO) can enhance the biological functions of testicular and renal tissues in male rabbits exposed to tramadol-induced oxidative stress. The experiment was divided into four groups, each comprising five rabbits, with rabbits randomly assigned to groups. Findings: Tramadol significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels (P<0.05). On the other hand, GSH levels significantly increased (P<0.05), and MDA levels decreased (P<0.05) in groups treated with (FSO) and (GSO). Histological examination of G1 showed stages of spermatogenesis; G2, the stages of sperm formation, are incomplete, with an observed proliferation of sperm-forming cells without the formation of mature sperm. Group G3 shows the stages of sperm formation and mature sperm in their natural state. Group G4 shows the stages of sperm formation and mature sperm in their natural state. In male rabbit kidney tissue, in group (G1), the renal corpuscle, the area surrounding the corpuscle (C), the proximal convoluted tubule, and the distal convoluted tubule are all evident. Group G2 shows swelling of the renal glomerulus and loss of the periglomerular space, with hemorrhage into the renal tissue (H) and enlargement of the distal convoluted tubule and proximal convoluted tubule cells. Group G3, by contrast, displays the renal glomerulus, the surrounding area, and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules in their typical configurations. The renal glomerulus, the area around the glomerulus, and the proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule in their typical configuration. They are also visible in group G4.

In this study, we investigate bacteria that cause sepsis and determine infection rates by gender. Aerobic bacteria were isolated and identified by a series of biochemical tests, and the results were confirmed using the Vitek2 system, which detected resistance to 13 antibiotic discs. The most common isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (23.42%), followed by Escherichia coli (18.35%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (10.76%), Micrococcus luteus (7.59%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.96%). The infection rate among patients with bacteremia was higher in females (57.59%) than in males (42%). 41% respectively.

In pot experiments, a local isolate of the Actinomycete Streptomyces was used as a biocontrol agent against Macrophomina phaseolina, the causative agent of damping-off in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.). Seeds and soil treatments with S. antibiotics resulted in a significant decrease in the percentage of infected plants. Disease severity of damping off of the seedlings reached (31%), As compared to untreated seeds planted in soil contaminated with M.phaseolina, which was(40.12%) and (0.40) respectively, However, seed treatment with the biocontrol agent was superior to soil treatments in causing more reduction in both percent infection and disease severity of seedlings damping off reached (20.63%) and (0.21) respectively, and also improving growth characters of the plants. The ability of S. antibiotics to produce the hormone (IAA) was confirmed, and IAA was separated and purified by TLC. Quantitative determination by HPLC showed that the IAA concentration was 7.59 mg/L.

Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS)-1D software is used to investigate the optimal use of methyl ammonium tin chloride as an active ingredient in perovskite solar cells (PSC), which are a new type of perovskite solar cell. The formulate PSC as follows:
FTO/ETL/CH3NH3SnCl3/HTL/Au. To improve the performance of perovskite solar cells, various materials are tested, such as IGZO, SnO2, TiO2, and ZnO as electron transport layers (ETLs) and Spiro-OMeTAD, NiO, Cu2O, and CuO as hole transport layers (HTLs). The study shows that among these ETLs, SnO2 records the highest potential to achieve high energy conversion (η) when combined with Spiro-OMeTAD as the HTLs. In addition, the total defects (Nt) were studied in the PSC by keeping Nt constant in the first two layers and varying Nt in the third layer. The results show that PSC is indeed efficient; It is desirable to have a Nt of (1015 cm-3) for the ETL (SnO2), (109 cm-3) for the absorber layer (CH3NH3SnCl3), and (1014 cm-3) for the HTL (SpiroOMeTAD). The power conversion efficiency has increased for this output value, to (13.68 %) with an open circuit voltage (Voc) of (1.6 V). This development to enhance the performance of environmentally friendly lead-free solar cells using tin-based perovskite materials.

In this research, a (1x2) microstrip antenna array operating over a wide frequency range (3.564 – 8.796 GHz) has been designed, making it suitable for wireless communication applications such as WiMAX, WLAN, and emerging 5 G systems. The design was simulated using computer simulation technology (CST) Studio Suite 2021. The antenna employs a microstrip-line feeding technique, a direct feeding method. This technique is characterized by its ease of fabrication and substrate etching. Copper was used to design both the ground plane and the radiating patch, separated by an FR-4 lossy substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The overall dimensions of the antenna are (85 × 38 × 1.6 mm). The results gained at the first frequency (3.564 GHz) are (4.670664 dB), and at the second frequency (8.796 GHz), they are (2.4549 dB). The directivity at the first frequency is (4.242 dB), and at the second frequency is (5.7148 dB). The efficiency at the first frequency is (86.9077 %), and at the second frequency it is (89.2244 %). The bandwidth at the first frequency is (0.7209 GHz), and at the second frequency, it is (0.5071 GHz). The return loss at the first frequency is (- -32.3959 dB), and at the second frequency, it is (- -32.0718 dB). At the first frequency, the voltage standing wave ratio is (1.0559), and at the second frequency, it is (1.0530). The current distribution at the first frequency is (43.2488 A/m), and at the second frequency, it is (46.8896 A/m). The results show that the design supports the wireless communication applications targeted in the research and is highly efficient.

The structural properties of carbon-reinforced aluminum compounds with different weight ratios (0, 0.01, 0.02 g) of carbon in aluminum pistons prepared by powder metallurgy were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results were conducted for the pistons under study. The results showed that the formed crystals were polycrystalline and had a cubic structure with a preferential orientation along the (111) plane. It was found that the diffraction peaks improved, indicating greater microstructural homogeneity with increasing reinforcing ratios. The crystallite size (Cs) of the samples was also calculated and found to decrease with increasing nanocarbon support. The surfaces of the samples were also examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed grain growth and distribution, as well as variations in surface morphology resulting from the nanocarbon reinforcement process.

A solar distiller is a good way to get water in remote areas. In this research, a stepped solar distiller with four basins and one slope was used. In experiments, natural materials from the local environment were used to improve the distiller's efficiency. The best materials used were black sand, followed by yellow sand and black paint for the basin. Where was the highest efficiency of black sand at 3 p.m. with 65 % boundaries? Also, the efficiency with yellow sand was 60%, and with plant leaves was 43%. The decrease in water attributed to the basin was found to increase efficiency. Most experiments were conducted in the winter months, i.e., the distillation works well in winter.