NTU Journal of Renewable Energy

This study was conducted to explore ways to save energy focusing on
Temperature control through genetic algorithm (GA)based on the
Proportional Integral Derivation controller (PID) to obtain the best PID gain
parameters (kp, ki, kd) through which the settling time, steady state error, and
overshoot are improved, which showed better performance than using
traditional PID because of its fast and sharp control it provided. The best
results for the parameters were using integrated time absolute error (ITAE)as
a GA objective function where k [0.8598 0.0669 0]. However, by using
Integrated of absolute error(IAE), the best results obtained were k [12.9765
0.2534 0], It is possible to improve system’s response from using traditional
PID which is considered a long time (more than 25 seconds) as compared to
the PID with Genetic algorithm(GA) .
The study showed that the best results were obtained using the IAE as
an objective function for GA, as the system reached the stable state in the
shortest possible time.

This current investigation involved an experimental inspection of adding Lauric acid (LA)
above the absorber surface of solar air heater (SAH) in comparison with SAH integrated with
paraffin wax and traditional SAH to evaluate the thermal performance of the SAH. To assess
the efficacy of adding LA, all three SAHs operate under identical operating conditions. In the
improved SAH model, LA is positioned above the absorber plate, and paraffin wax is
incorporated above the absorber plate, whereas the conventional SAH model depicts the
standard configuration. Data was gathered in Mosul City, Iraq, for January 18 and February
12, 25, 2025, with experiments performed at a constant air mass flow rate of 0.02223 kg/s.
The findings confirms that the thermal performance of improved LA SAH is better than
enhanced paraffin wax SAH and traditional SAH by 7.4% and 102% for January 18, and by
8.9% and 93.9% for February 12, and by 8.96% and 97.5% for February 25 respectively. The
traditional SAH model records efficiency of 84%, 82%, and 83.5%, for 18 Jan, 12 and 25
Feb., respectively. The findings indicate a substantial maximum temperature differential
attained by the enhanced SAH model utilizing (LA) and paraffin wax in comparison to the
conventional SAH model.