Journal of Kufa for Mathematics and Computer

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) are
a new generation of computer systems for
support and improvement of learning and
teaching. The usual definition of an ITS
characterizes it as a system based on some
kind of knowledge which includes
domain, teachers' and students'
knowledge. In the research , we elaborate
on the representation of knowledge in an
intelligent authoring shell – which is an
ITS generator system – Tutor-Expert
System. Within TEx-Sys knowledge is
represented through semantic networks
with frames and production rules. Nodes
are used for representation of domain
knowledge objects, while links show
relations among them. Besides, TEx-Sys
supports properties and frames, as well as
property inheritance and frames
containing a conclusion-making
mechanism.
In this research , we try to explain of
practice ITS application in learning and
teaching process. Because, Intelligent tutoring
systems have been shown to be highly
effective at increasing students' performance
and motivation. For example, students using
Software systems, an ITS for computers ,
performed equally well as students taking a
theoretical & practice courses in computers,
but required half as much time covering the
material.

Histogram Equalization is one of the
technique most commonly used in contrast
enhancement. it tends to change the mean
brightness of the image to the middle level
of the gray level range. However, In this
paper, a simple contrast enhancement
technique based on conventional histogram
equalization algorithm is proposed. This
Equalize The histogram equalization
technique which takes control over the effect
of histogram equalization technique so that
it performs the enhancement of an image
without making any loss of details in it. In
this method the original input image
preserve histogram characteristics, then
make histogram equalization method in the
other copy image, the output image is
compiled with preserve image. so that the
loss points in output image can retrieve from
input points. It come to reduce the noise in
image product process. Experimental results
are presented and compared with results
from other methods.

The main purpose of this paper is to study
and investigate some results concerning
generalized derivation D on semiprime
ring R, we obtain a derivation d is
commuting and 2-commuting on R

In this paper, we introduce the concept of
fuzzy semi-essential (large) submodule ,
and we study a necessary and sufficient
condition for a fuzzy submodule of a fuzzy
module to be a fuzzy semi-essential
(large) submodule , also fuzzy images and
fuzzy inverse-images of generalized fuzzy
semi-essential (large) submodule are
studied.

The purpose of this work is to find
maximum (k, n)-arcs from maximum
(k, 2)-arcs where n=3,4,5.in the projective
plane PG (2,5).

The main purpose of this paper is to find
the rational valued characters table of the group
(Q2m×C2) ,when m=2h
, h∈Z
+
, which is denoted
by ≡
*
(Q2
h+1×C2) ,where Q2m is denoted to
Quaternion group ,and C2 is the cyclic group of
order 2.
Moreover we have found the general form of
the rational valued characters table of the group
(Q2
h+1×C2).

Routing involves two basic activities: determining optimal routing paths and
transporting information groups through a network from a source to a destination. Networks
routing is considered as a short path problem and optimized within different constraints like
time, distance, cost and traffic. In this research a decision support system (DSS) is designed to
facilitate optimal routing and network management. Dijkstra algorithm using distances and
centrality as constraints has been used as optimization model. System database has been
collected from routers and nodes to build a graph of the network which shows the locations
and links of routers and nodes within the network. A friendly interface has been developed to
help network administrators in network management.

In this paper, the continuous classical optimal control for systems of a semilinear parabolic
partial differential equations is described with a equality and inequality state constraints. First,
the considered continuous classical optimal control problem is discretized into a discrete
classical optimal control problem by using the Galerkin finite element method in space and
the theta finite difference scheme ( -method)in time. The classical continuous controls are
approximated by picewise constants. Second the existence of a unique solution of the discrete
state equations for fixed discrete classical control is studied. Third, the existence theory for
optimality of the discrete classical problem is proved, and the discrete adjoint equations are
developed corresponding to the discrete state equations. Finally the necessary conditions and
a picewise minimum principle are derived for optimality of the discrete classical problem so
as the sufficient conditions

The main purpose of this paper is to
study and investigate concerning a
generalized derivations on semiprime
near- rings,we give some results when
N admsit to satisfy some conditions on
3-semiprime near- rings and 3-prime
near-ring N ,we give some results
about that.

Our aim in this paper is to find the
general solution of the beloved
equation which its general form is
given by u″(x)+3u(x)u′(x)+u3
(x)=0
by using suitable substitution .

In this paper, we introduce the notion of
anti fuzzy k-ideal of ternary semi ring
and study some properties of it.

In this paper new algorithm for
speeding up fractal image compression is
presented. A new adapted method based on
computing the highest value of the pixel of
the image to reduce the computational
complexity in the encoder stage and which
are led to decreasing the encoding time
while the reconstructed image from the work
as good as we want. For increasing the
effectiveness of search stage we used
another type of partitioning method that led
to increase the flexibility of range partition,
this method is HV-partition. We applied this
method on images and also present a
comparison of this method against other
method which used to speed the fractal
compression

This work demonstrates the
application of decision tree, as data
mining tool, in the health care system.
Data mining has the capability for
classification, prediction, estimation,
and pattern recognition by using health
databases. Databases of health
systems contain significant information
for decision making. It could be
properly revealed with the application
of appropriate data mining techniques.
Decision trees are employed for
identifying valuable information in
health databases. In this paper
Decision tree as a data mining tools is
used for predication the spread types of
disease of hepatitis virus in reigns that
high affect to people with different
temperature and prevention of this
disease by using rules that needed to
predicate the diseases .