Journal of Arabic Language and Literature

Objectives: The study aims to present a comprehensive cognitive model of Arabic morphological categories, based on their philosophy, their essence, and their various values.
Methodology: The study adopts induction, description, and hypothesis. Induction traces the category through its existential and philosophical history, leading up to its linguistic context. Description explains its linguistic tools, and hypothesis is based on its functional values.
Results: The study concludes that Arabic morphological categories have meanings that are realized in the divisive structure when specific morphemic affixes are added to them, whether prefixed, suffixed, or infixes. The Arabic morphological categories are: person, number, designation, gender, inflection, and predication. It states that Arabic morphological categories are the same as logical categories, since language is equivalent to thought. It also identifies the determinants of the morphological category. Furthermore, it has found that morphological categories possess competencies that ensure they perform horizontal centrality tasks to classify the divisional structures vertically within them.
Conclusion: Arabic morphological categories have their own tools, functional values, and investment potentials.

This study aims to uncover the poetic discourse strategies through which the cosmic and existential dimension is shaped in Khalil Hawi›s duality: «Ice Age» and «After the Ice.» It proceeds from the basic premise that poetic vision is not an abstract idea conveyed by language, but rather a rich linguistic structure constructed through complex rhetorical and stylistic mechanisms, in which the phonetic, syntactic, semantic, and pictorial intertwine.
The study concludes that Khalil Hawi›s poetic discourse is an integrative one, endowing the text with a universal, comprehensive dimension and expressing the major questions of humanity: (death, resurrection, freedom, and rebirth). The results also confirm that language, for him, is not a neutral medium, but rather existence itself, and that the cosmic vision represents the final product of complex and intertwined rhetorical strategies, rendering the poetic text a cohesive unit that combines aesthetic and philosophical-ontological dimensions.
The study adopted an analytical and descriptive approach based on the tools of modern linguistics within a stylistic framework that enables an approach to the levels of Khalil Hawi›s poetic discourse. This approach combines linguistic precision in analyzing textual structures with interpretive depth in elucidating their meanings, achieving an integrative vision that highlights the organic relationship between the rhetorical strategies and the visionary structure of the two poems.

This research presents a critical, semiotic study of the creation of place in the poetic works of Ibrahim Al-Kufahi. These works are divided into nine main titles. All the poet’s works show his interest in portraying the place. His works contain words representing the place like: Hell, Eternal Paradise, and Abqar valley. The study was concerned with tracking the places in these works, and the meaning they had for the poet, and it appeared that they are divided into four various kinds, which are: places that convey in him a feeling of joy and intimacy where he forgets his worries and griefs, and they are often related to his childhood and youth, places that give him peace and tranquility, represented by holy places, places related to griefes and longing, found in lamentation poetry, and places that cause him a sense of loneliness and estrangement, represented by the contemporary city and it’s values that the poet was unable to harmonize with.

This research explores the concept of religious terminology in Nahj al-Balagha in light of the general framework surrounding it within the structure of discourse. It explores its significance within the social, historical, and intellectual environment of society, taking into account the values, customs, ideas, symbols, and knowledge that prevail within it and influence people in terms of understanding and interpretation. Thus, the text cannot be understood apart from the general culture of its producer, on the one hand, and its recipient, on the other. Hence, the researcher traces the religious terminology in Nahj al-Balagha texts, working to clarify their purposes in light of their cultural context.

This research examines linguistic issues at various levels of phonetics, morphology, syntax, and semantics, as mentioned by a renowned scholar of the eighth century AH, Khalil ibn Ayyub, known as al-Safadi (d. 764 AH), in his book Tamam al-Matun fi Sharh Risalat Ibn Zaydun (The Completion of Texts in the Explanation of Ibn Zaydun’s Treatise). The importance of the research stems from the value of the treatise and his interest in explaining it. The research highlights the book to explain and clarify its linguistic issues. The aim of the research was to explain his linguistic statements, which reveal another side of Al-Safadi that was not known, namely that he was a linguist knowledgeable about language, its rules, and its origins, in addition to his knowledge and fame in poetry, composition, literature, and rhetoric. He was known to be a writer, poet, prose writer, and historian, and he has many classifications. Therefore, the book is an example of his linguistic views in particular and the views that prevailed in the eighth century AH in general. This raises the following research questions: Did Al-Safadi have his own linguistic views that differed from those of other linguists? Or did he follow them? The research required the use of a descriptive and analytical approach to monitor and analyze the views and then reach the research results.

This study examines the Epistle of Reproach by Ghassan bin Abdul Hamid - one of the writers of the second century AH in the Abbasid state - from a psychological perspective, as a prose text that reflects the intermingling of the social dimension with the emotional dimension. In its first chapter, it dealt with defining the writer and his environment, and explaining the art of reproach in heritage, with an analysis of the most prominent ideas contained in the epistle. The study adopted the psychological approach, Based on the concepts of Freudian analysis, for a deeper understanding of the dimensions of the text. The second section was devoted to analyzing the psychological structure of the letter through two contrasting images: the image of the reproachful self, with what it contains of loyalty, pain, and wisdom, and the image of the reproached other, with what is evident in him of shortcomings and coldness. The analysis in the third section revealed the defensive mechanisms that the writer used to deny the accusation against himself, so that the text became an emotional confession that reflects the struggle of the self between emotion and transcendence, Which makes it an early literary document about the presence of the human soul in Arabic prose.

This research paper presents scenes of real actions that reflect aspects of the war image in Iraq after 2003 in a documentary style through live filming in a specific and objective way The poet does not use the typical poetic language of poetry on the contrary he employs simple and clear language in addition to a narrative style. His poems include descriptive scenes in which he depicts a place a character or a dialogue that relies on conversations between the characters in the poem giving a vivid dramatic impression or creating a dramatic scene that reflects an action or a situation related to the concept of death. In doing so, the poet conveys an internal and external struggle.

Objectives:This comparative study aims to analyze the story of «Layla and Majnun» in Arabic literature as narrated by Qays ibn Al-Mulawwah, and compare it with the Turkish version by the poet Fuzuli, to identify similarities and differences, and explore the transmission and evolution of literary themes across Islamic cultures. Methodology: The study adopted a comparative approach to analyze two literary works: the original Arabic text represented in the Diwan Majnun Layla by the poet Qays ibn al-Mulawwah, and the Turkish poetic work Layla and Majnun by Muhammad Fuzuli. The analysis focused on thematic and artistic examination, particularly tracing the transformations introduced by Fuzuli, such as the shift from an emotional tone to a Sufi one, as well as the addition of new events absent from the original Arabic narrative. Results: The study reveals that Fuzuli did not merely imitate the Arabic story but added Sufi and creative dimensions, transforming it into a cohesive literary work. It also shows how the story returned to modern Arabic literature through Ahmed Shawqi’s play «Majnun Layla,» highlighting ongoing intercultural exchange. Conclusion: The comparison demonstrates that «Layla and Majnun» is a living model of mutual influence between Islamic literatures, evolving from chaste love in Arabic literature to Sufi symbolism in Turkish literature, and then back to Arabic in a renewed form, underscoring the dynamism of cultural exchange