Journal of University of Babylon

This study examines the textual dimension in ʿAllāmah al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī’s al-Mīzān, emphasizing textual cohesion. For him, the Qur’an is an integrated text in which verses interpret one another, and its coherence arises from a network of interrelated meanings. Internal cohesion is manifested in the contextual shaping of meaning, while external cohesion appears in the interaction between the muhkam (clear) and mutashābih (ambiguous), forming a comprehensive thematic unity. Central to his approach is taʾwīl, regarded as an objective reality mediated by language. The study concludes that al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī provides a pioneering model in highlighting cohesion as essential to understanding the Qur’anic text .

This paper explores the profound relationship between the poet and poetic creativity from a psychoanalytic perspective, tracing the components of the poet’s creative identity with a focus on what is known as the “victim identity.” The study is based on the premise that the poet is not merely a producer of aesthetic language, but one who reshapes repressed psychological experiences and painful memories into an intensified artistic form. The concept of “the currency of poetry” is introduced as a metaphor for the creative process, in which the poet reworks shared pain into a captivating poetic language that restores clarity and intensity to the recipient.
The research analyzes the poet’s consciousness through the concepts of repression, identification, deprivation, and narcissism, drawing on the theories of Freud, Jung, and approaches in modern psychoanalytic criticism. It demonstrates how the poet identifies with the “victim” identity in their perception of self and the world, and how this identity becomes a source of emotionally resonant and deeply human poetic expression. The study concludes that poetry serves as a vehicle for emotional condensation, enabling the poet to transmit a personal experience as if it were collective-offering the recipient an opportunity for empathy, emotional immersion, and psychological catharsis

The study aimed to explore the attitudes of first-cycle basic education teachers in Aleppo toward teaching sex education, and to identify differences in these attitudes based on the variables of gender, academic qualification, years of experience, and type of school. The researcher adopted the descriptive-analytical approach and utilized a questionnaire developed specifically for this study, consisting of 24 items designed to measure three dimensions of attitude: cognitive, affective, and behavioral. The research sample included 200 participants male and female teachers from various public and private schools in Aleppo.
The results indicated that teachers’ attitudes toward teaching sex education were at a moderate level. Statistically significant differences were found based on gender in favor of female teachers, and based on academic qualification in favor of those holding higher degrees (university degree). Significant differences also appeared based on years of experience, favoring those with 5 to 10 years of experience. However, no statistically significant differences were found based on the type of school.

Euphoria - extreme happiness or ecstasy - is a state of feeling happy, excited, or feeling extremely well-being (a strong feeling of happiness) and losing awareness of what is around you to live a beautiful moment of longing for a feeling you have experienced; the poet expresses his inner self and feelings through poetry, the painter through paintings, and the composer through music, reaching the state of ecstasy and happiness that he strives to achieve through his production and creativity. The study aims to select diverse samples of poetic verses from different poets and eras to study the spiritual and emotional tendencies from which Sufism, pride, love, homeland, congratulations, longing, and life tendencies emerge, including victory, beauty, pride, dignity, gatherings of companionship, evidence, and journeys. In the current study, this phenomenon was followed using a descriptive and analytical approach that describes the poet’s state at euphoria, analyzes these verses, and describes their image at that state. The study reached a set of results. The most important thing is that Euphoria is present in all of life, and poetry is originally a moment of euphoria or nostalgia; when the poet is overcome by feelings of loss, longing, love and sadness, he wants to express himself in a moment of euphoria that takes him back to those moments, losing the sense of time and place, so he writes poetic verses to merge with the feeling with all his senses, addressing the moment that inspires the poet to write poetry on a certain subject.