Journal of Jurisprudence Faculty

The science of Usul al-Fiqh (Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence) is the fundamental pillar upon which ijtihad (independent reasoning) and istinbat (deduction) in Islamic jurisprudence depend، particularly the issue of "absoluteness and generality." Sayyid al-Khoei adopted the theory of "Usuli Usul al-Fiqh" as a fundamental tool for understanding religious texts and deriving rulings from them، relying on a precise philosophical perspective in analyzing speech and intent. The importance of this topic lies not only in its abstract theoretical nature but also in its clear impact across various areas of jurisprudence. This makes studying this theory and its applications an entry point for understanding Sayyid al-Khoei's methodology of deduction and his distinctive jurisprudential approach.
This research will provide an introduction to the status of Usul al-Fiqh and its role in deriving religious rulings، focusing on the theory of legal arguments and evidence within this science. It will highlight the centrality of "absoluteness" as one of the most important Usul al-Fiqh tools relied upon by the mujtahid (qualified jurist) in understanding religious texts (the Quran and Sunnah) and deriving rulings from them. It will also define the status of Sayyid al-Khoei (may God sanctify his soul) as one of the most prominent figures of the Shi'a Usul al-Fiqh school in the modern era، who left behind a distinctive Usul al-Fiqh methodology that continues to be studied and taught.

The theory of the inversion of ratio is one of the fundamental theories that scholars of jurisprudence have addressed in various topic, s including the study of contradiction. They have relied on it as one of the methods adopted by Islamic law since it is one of the rational methods and approaches used by scholars in their discussions to explain its rulings. It aligns with the methods used by rational people to convey their obligations and rulings. The theory of the inversion of ratio refers to the order of resolution based on the relationship between conflicting pieces of evidence.

By order of resolution، we mean that if we have three or more conflicting pieces of evidence, assuming two are general and one is specific, and the relationship between the two general pieces of evidence is one of partial overlap، and the first general is qualified by the specific one, then after the first general is qualified, its relationship with respect to the second general is transformed into absolute generality. Consequently، the second general is qualified by the qualified general, and the order of resolution is established so that we act according to the qualified general. This study comprises two sections and a set of points divided into the study\'s main parts.

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Freedom of opinion in the Holy Quran operates within a comprehensive framework rooted in Islamic principles, manifesting itself in a society that correctly implements Sharia law.

Freedom of opinion in the Holy Quran does not imply unrestrainedness, randomness, or lack of discipline. Rather, it is subject to limitations and standards based on good manners and ethics. Engaging in dialogue and addressing differing opinions requires wisdom and kind counsel, aiming to guide individuals toward building a conscious and civilized society founded on good citizenship. Freedom of opinion in matters of faith and politics is only permissible insofar as it aligns with the principles of the Quranic system; anything that contradicts them is unacceptable. There are legal, ethical, and moral controls and standards governing freedom of opinion. When these controls and standards are transgressed, freedom of opinion becomes intellectual chaos and destructive behavior.

The phenomenon of the spread of contemporary fake news causes effects that are not limited to affecting the cognitive and behavioral formation of the individual, but extend to affecting the entity of society as a whole. The science of Hadith has made multiple and sound efforts in criticizing and verifying the transmission of news and its contents. Therefore, this research attempts to benefit from those discriminatory critical rules in finding cognitive mechanisms that contribute to distinguishing contemporary fake news from others, aiming to achieve sound cognitive stability for individuals and societies.

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This study, entitled “Place in the Autobiographical Novel,” is a study of the novels of Hala Al-Badri. Its purpose was to demonstrate the importance of place in Hala Al-Badri’s novels and to identify its types. The result was summarized as follows: the author’s novels included important historical places, as well as places that represented the memory of the author Hala Al-Badri and indicated the autobiographical aspect of her life. This is what led us to conclude that the novels of the author Hala Al-Badri are (autobiographical novels).

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Studying intonation may be considered risky, as modern linguistics sees it, but in my view, it remains an enjoyable and necessary risk due to the crucial role of intonation in determining the intended meaning and significance of speech. The importance of intonation lies in its being a key contextual element that shapes meaning and significance. Therefore, this research attempts to analyze intonation in the speech of the two Imams (peace be upon them), as it is the branch of rhetoric most concerned with the impact of context. To ensure more accurate results, the study uses interrogative sentences as a model and example, aiming to analyze the intonations and vocal rhythms that accompany them and how these are employed to convey rhetorical and persuasive meanings. One of the most important findings is that intonation is an integral part of speech and has a significant and clear impact on differentiating between sentence meanings through tone and the musicality of speech. The rise and fall of intonation influence stylistic choices. Style can be identified through intonation, which transforms a sentence from its literal meaning to many other meanings, such as reporting, exclamation, calling, commanding, or prohibiting. However, these meanings are not conveyed literally but rather through rhetorical devices like sarcasm and irony.

Agriculture is of great importance in our lives and in many different aspects. It plays a vital role in providing food for humans and animals. It contributes to the production of crops, plants, vegetables, fruits, and grains, which form an essential part of our diet. By providing a sustainable food supply, agriculture helps achieve food security for communities and nations. Agriculture enhances the ability to address challenges related to hunger and food insecurity and ensures food availability for all. Agriculture is a significant economic sector in many countries. It provides employment opportunities for millions of people in areas such as traditional and modern farming, agro-processing, trade, and agricultural marketing. Sustainable agricultural practices can reduce negative environmental impacts such as water pollution, soil desertification, and the depletion of natural resources.
Climate plays a crucial role in the impact of agriculture, affecting plant growth and crop production. Suitable temperatures are critical for plant growth. Crops vary in their ability to tolerate different temperatures and require appropriate temperatures for optimal growth and production. Extremely high temperatures can lead to soil desiccation and negatively affect plants.

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